Figures (5)  Tables (2)
    • Figure 1. 

      Maximum parsimony strict consensus tree illustrating the phylogeny of the new species and related species in genus Cyathus based on ITS sequences. Branches are labelled with maximum likelihood bootstrap value > 70%, parsimony bootstrap value > 50% and Bayesian posterior probabilities > 0.95, respectively. The present species are in bold.

    • Figure 2. 

      Basidiomata of Cyathus wenshanensis. (a) Basidiomata, (b) outer corving of peridium. Scale bars: (a) = 1 cm, (b) = 1 mm.

    • Figure 3. 

      Peridiole of Cyathus wenshanensis. (a) Peridioles with funicular cord, (b) transversal section of peridiole showing single-layered cortex. Scale bars: (a) = 1 mm, (b) = 1 mm.

    • Figure 4. 

      Microscopic structures of Cyathus wenshanensis. (a) Outer wall of peridium, (b) inner wall of peridium, (c) three-layered peridium, (d) the structure of the hair. Scale bars: (a)–(d) = 10 μm.

    • Figure 5. 

      Microscopic structures of Cyathus wenshanensis. (a) Basidiospores. (b) Funicular cord. (c) The internal structure of peridiole. Scale bars: (a)–(c) = 10 μm.

    • Species nameSample no.GenBank
      accession no.
      References
      Crucibulum laeveSWFC 21261DQ463357Zhao et al.[18]
      Cyathus africanusDAOM 200370[T]DQ463347Zhao et al.[18]
      C. albinusUFRN-Fungos 2239KY176371Accioly et al.[25]
      C. amazonicusURM 80036[T]KY495280Accioly et al.[25]
      C. amazonicusUFRN-Fungos 2798KY176375Accioly et al.[25]
      C. annulatusMichaelKuo-8200901MT444076Kraisitudomsook et al.[21]
      C. apiculatusUFRN:Fungos 1448KT365516da Silva et al.[20]
      C. aurantogriseocarpusUFRN:Fungos:2798KX966026da Cruz et al.[26]
      C. badiusKH:JPN15-1321KX906250da Cruz et al.[27]
      C. batistaeUFRN:Fungos 1449KT365515daSilva et al.[20]
      C. berkeleyanusSWFC 20789DQ463355Zhao et al.[18]
      C. bulleriDAOMC 195062MK020156Vats & Mishra[28]
      C. cannaCBS 370.80MH861275Vu et al.[29]
      C. colensoiDAOM 200423DQ463344Zhao et al.[18]
      C. crassimurusDAOM 200372[T]DQ463350Zhao et al.[18]
      C. discoideusAB 7831KY652080da Cruz[30]
      C. gansuensisSWFC 20880[T]DQ463348Zhao et al.[18]
      C. gansuensisStrain 69KC869661da Cruz et al.[27]
      C. gracilisAB7873KY652081da Cruz[30]
      C. hookeriSWFC 20799DQ463346Zhao et al.[18]
      C. hortensisUFRN:Fungos:1819KX906252da Cruz et al.[27]
      C. ibericusAH:48138KX858598Crous et al.[31]
      C. ibericusAH:48137[T]KX858597Crous et al.[31]
      C. intermediusUFRN:Fungos 1033KT365519da Silva et al.[20]
      C. jiayuguanensisSWFC 20846[T]DQ463341Zhao et al.[18]
      C. lignilantanaeMA Fungi 87327NR_154827da Cruz et al.[27]
      C. limbatusUFRN-Fungos 2238KY176373Accioly et al.[25]
      C. magnomuralisUFRN:Fungos:1817KX906251da Cruz et al.[27]
      C. minimusAB7868KY652082da Cruz[30]
      C. novae-zeelandiaePDD-76442MT444096Kraisitudomsook et al.[21]
      C. ollaPDD-86833MT444086Kraisitudomsook et al.[21]
      C. ollaBPI 727227DQ463345Zhao et al.[18]
      C. pallidusKKUITN2KU202745Sutthisa & Sanoamuang[32]
      C. pallidusKKUITN3KU202751Sutthisa & Sanoamuang[32]
      C. parvocinereusUFRN:Fungos:1814KX906253da Cruz et al.[27]
      C. pedunculatusUFRN:Fungos 403KT365518da Silva et al.[20]
      C. poeppigiicp-457KT962176da Silva et al.[20]
      C. pyristriatusMFLUCC:14-0770KU865513Richter et al.[33]
      C. renweiiSWFC 201406[T]DQ463352Zhao et al.[18]
      C. setosusDAOM 200815[T]DQ463349Zhao et al.[18]
      C. stercoreusNK-08MT444037Kraisitudomsook et al.[21]
      C. stercoreusDM4KY706156Hay et al.[34]
      C. striatusNK-61MT444056Kraisitudomsook et al.[21]
      C. subglobisporusBBH-14815MT444063Kraisitudomsook et al.[21]
      C. subglobisporuBBH18348EF613553Zhao et al.[5]
      C. triplexSWFC 21077DQ463353Zhao et al.[18]
      C. uniperidiolusAMH:10196MN398297Boonmee et al.[35]
      C. wenshanensisCLZhao 20202[T]ON795104This study
      Nidula niveotomentosaSWFC 3000DQ463358Zhao et al.[18]

      Table 1. 

      List of species, specimens, and GenBank accession numbers of ITS sequences used in this study.

    • C. wenshanensisC. albinusC. amazonicusC. badiusC. parvocinereusC. pyristriatusC. uniperidiolus
      BasidiomataSize (high
      × wide)
      5–15 × 5–10 mm6–8.5 × 5–6.52 mm9–11 × 5–7 mm8–10 × 5–8 mm4–7 × 3.5–5 mm5.5–7 × 4–6 mm2–12 × 2–3.5 mm
      ShapeObconical to
      cupulate
      InfundibuliformObconicalInfundibuliformCampanulateClavate to broadly obconicGlobose to sub-globose
      ExoperidiumColourBrownGolden blond to dark blondVery dark brown to grayish dark brownBrownReddish brownYellowish-brown or buffDark brown
      SurfaceStrigose Tufts; striate, 0.4–0.7 mmStrigose tufts; striate; 0.3–0.5 mmStrigose tufts; striateShaggy, wooly tufts; smooth to striate;
      0.3 mm
      Strigose tufts; striate; 0.4–0.5 mmshaggy or fluffy hairsSmooth to velvety
      MouthFimbriateFimbriateFimbriateFimbriateFimbriateSerrate
      EndoperidiumColourGreyish brown to black brownGrayish brownGray to brownish grayLight brown to orangePlatinumGrey to dark greyDark brown
      SurfaceStriate, 0.4–0.8 mmStriate, 0.3–0.6 mmStriateSmooth to minutely striate; 0.5 mmStriate; 0.5 mmStriateSmooth
      PeridiolesShapeLentil-shapedLentil-shapedLentil-shapedLentil-shapedLentil-shapedLentil-shapedGlobose
      Size2–3.5 mm1.8–2.6 mm1.7–3 mm2–2.5 mm1–2 mm3–3.5 mm2–2.5 mm
      ColorDark grey to blackBrownish grayDark grayLight grey to blackGreyish brown to greyGreyish-brown to dark greyBlack
      CortexSingle layeredDouble layeredSingle layeredSingle layeredDouble layeredDouble layered
      BasidiosporesShapeSubglobose, elliptical to ellipsoid-elongate; apiculum absentOvoid to ellipsoid; apiculus presentSubglobose to broadly ellipsoidSubglobose, ovoid to ellipticalelliptical, globose; apiculum absentOvoid, subglobose, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoidOval, sub-globose, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid-elongate
      Size11–21 × 9–14 µm14.8–20 × 10.4–14.3 µm14–19 × 12–16 µm13–19 × 9–11 µm11.43–17.78 × 9–15.24 µm14–17 × 8–10 µm14.2–28.7 × 11.7–23.7 µm
      Walls1–5 μm thick0.8–1.3 μm thickthick-walled1.9–3.2 μm thick2–3.5 μm thick1.5–3 μm thickthick-walled
      DistributionChinaBrazilAmazon rainforestJapan, BrazilBrazilThailandIndia
      ReferencePresent studyAccioly et al.[25]Trierveiler-Pereira et al.[42]da Cruz et al.[43]da Cruz & Baseia[44]Hyde et al.[45]Boonmee et al.[35]

      Table 2. 

      The comparison among Cyathus wenshanensis and phylogenetically related species.