Figures (7)  Tables (3)

    • Figure 1. 

      Possible formation pathways of acrylamide according to the literature[11,12].

    • Figure 2. 

      Possible formation pathways of furan.

    • Figure 3. 

      The roasting profiles of the first series[[20]].

    • Figure 4. 

      Acrylamide and furan content of Brazil Arabica (drum roast – medium and dark).

    • Figure 5. 

      Comparison of acrylamide content of Brazil Arabica after day 1 and 2.

    • Figure 6. 

      Water decaffeinated samples vs non decaffeinated samples.

    • Figure 7. 

      Steam treated unroasted sample (left), and untreated sample (right).

    • GCTrace 1300 GC (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Dreieich, Germany)
      PTV modeCT split
      Inlet temperature240 °C
      ColumnVF-WAXms, 30 m, ID 0.25 mm, 0.25 μm (Agilent J & W Columns, Waldbronn, Germany)
      CarrierHelium 5.0
      Mass spectrometerTSQ DUO (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Dreieich, Germany)
      Data processingThermo TraceFinder GC 3.2, Thermo Xcalibur 3.0 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Dreieich, Germany)
      Ionisation modeEI+, 70 eV
      MS transfer line/ion source temperature250 °C
      Collision gasArgon
      ModeSRM (acrylamide) and SIM (furans)
      AutosamplerAcrylamide: TRIPLUS RSH with 10 μl Syringe,
      57 mm (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Dreieich, Germany) Furans: TRIPLUS RSH, Temperature
      70 °C, with 5 mL syringe, 65 mm; (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Dreieich, Germany)
      Split flow12.0 ml/min (acrylamide) and splitless (furans)
      Flow1.2 ml/min (acrylamide) and 1.0 mL/min (furans)
      Carrier modeConstant flow

      Table 1. 

      GC-MS settings for both acrylamide and furans determination.

    • 2-BromopropenamideIdentification + quantification: m/z 149 [C3H479BrON]+→ 106 [C2H379Br]+ (identification)
      D2-BromopropenamideIdentification and quantification: m/z 153 [C32H21H381BrON]+→ 110 [C22H21H181Br]+ (identification)

      Table 2. 

      Ions used for the identification and quantification of acrylamide.

    • AnalyteIons [m/z]
      Furan68 [C4H4O]+ (identification and quantification)
      2-methylfuran/3-methylfuran82 [C5H6O]+ (identification and quantification) 81 (identification)
      2,5-dimethylfuran95 [C6H7O]+ (identification and quantification) 96 (identification)
      D4-furan72 [C4D4O]+ (identification and quantification)
      D3-2-methylfuran/D3-3-methylfuran85 [C5H3D3O]+ (identification and quantification)84 (identification)
      D3-2,5-dimethylfuran98 [C6H4D3O]+ (identification and quantification)99 (identification)

      Table 3. 

      Ions used for the identification and quantification of furans.