Figures (6)  Tables (1)
    • Figure 1. 

      Determination of anthocyanin content in lily petals. (a) Lily petals in different periods. (b) Anthocyanin content in lily petals at different periods of lily development. (c) The relative content of cyanidin and its compounds in petals determined in metabolomics analysis. * Denotes statistically significant differences between samples. * p-value ≤ 0.1; ** p-value ≤ 0.05; *** p-value ≤ 0.01.

    • Figure 2. 

      The classification of miRNA and the target genes. (a) The selected 285 known miRNA belonged to 41 MiRNA families. (b) Heatmap of DEMs expression in the development of flower. After performing row clusters, each colored cell shows the average log2 (FPKM) value of each miRNA. (c) DEMs in floral development is depicted in a Venn diagram.

    • Figure 3. 

      The correlation between miRNA and target genes screened from lily petals related to anthocyanin synthesis. (a) Heatmap of miRNA expression. (b) MiRNA target gene expression heatmap. The average log2 (FPKM) value of each gene is shown by the color of each cell. (c) The network of target genes and miRNAs controls the progress of anthocyanins synthesis. TF genes are represented by the blue rhombic nodes, miRNA are represented by the purple oval nodes; black lines represent negative correlation; and blue lines represent positive correlation. (d) The Sankey plot of miRNA and target genes.

    • Figure 4. 

      The expression and the regulation of miRNA and the target genes. 2−ΔΔCᴛ method was used to measure genes' relative expression in S1, S2, S3 stage of lily cultivar Vivian. * Denotes statistically significant differences between samples.

    • Figure 5. 

      A preliminary regulation analysis of LvmiR828 target LvMYB5. (a) Multiple sequence alignment of the mature miR828 in plant. (b) Predicted conserved binding site of LvMYB5 targeted by miR828. (c) The binding sites of MYB in plant targeted by miR828.

    • Figure 6. 

      An interaction model between the target genes for miRNAs involved in the progress of flower coloration in lily petals has been presented. Solid arrowhead lines: the proven regulatory roles. Dashed lines: potential roles.

    • miRNA familymiRNAsTarget genesTarget gene annotation
      miR156osa-miR156a_L+1TRINITY_DN91060_c0_g1, TRINITY_DN95303_c1_g1, TRINITY_DN91754_c0_g1, TRINITY_DN95303_c2_g1, TRINITY_DN94725_c0_g1, TRINITY_DN102736_c2_g5SPL
      miR828cme-miR828TRINITY_DN103447_c0_g1R2R3-MYB
      miR166osa-miR166a-5p_1ss7TCTRINITY_DN101304_c1_g1WD
      miR396osa-miR396a-5p_L+1TRINITY_DN101276_c1_g13GT
      csi-miR396f-5p_1ss20TC, osa-miR396c-5p_R-1, osa-miR396a-5p_R+1, osa-miR396a-5p_1ss21GA, osa-miR396a-5pTRINITY_DN92078_c0_g1GRF
      csi-miR396f-5p_1ss20TC, osa-miR396c-5p_2ss7AG21TA, osa-miR396c-5p_R-1, osa-miR396a-5p_R+1, osa-miR396a-5p_1ss21GA, osa-miR396a-5p, osa-miR396a-5p_L+1, csi-miR396a-5p_R+2_1ss7AGTRINITY_DN88167_c0_g1GRF
      osa-miR396c-5p_R-1, osa-miR396a-5p_R+1, osa-miR396a-5p_1ss21GA, osa-miR396a-5p, csi-miR396f-5p_1ss20TC, osa-miR396a-5p_L+1,
      csi-miR396a-5p_R+2_1ss7AG
      TRINITY_DN94882_c0_g1GRF
      csi-miR396f-5p_1ss20TC, osa-miR396c-5p_R-1, osa-miR396a-5p_1ss21GA, osa-miR396a-5p, osa-miR396a-5p_L+1, csi-miR396a-5p_R+2_1ss7AGTRINITY_DN88510_c0_g1GRF
      miR5179osa-miR5179, osa-miR5179_R+2TRINITY_DN96747_c12_g4MADS
      miR164osa-miR164a, osa-miR164a_R+1TRINITY_DN96598_c0_g1NAC
      osa-miR164a_R+1, osa-miR164a, aof-miR164_R+2TRINITY_DN96199_c2_g2NAC
      miR160osa-miR160a-5p_R-1_1ss20CTTRINITY_DN100728_c0_g1ARF
      miR167osa-miR167d-5p_R+2TRINITY_DN99246_c0_g1ARF
      bdi-miR167c-5p_L+1R-2, osa-miR167d-5p_R+2TRINITY_DN99246_c0_g3ARF

      Table 1. 

      Target genes of anthocyanin biosynthesis related miRNAs in lily petals.