Figures (2)  Tables (2)

    • Figure 1. 

      Medications associated with RG in an urban minority patient population. RG, reactive gastropathy; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.

    • Figure 2. 

      Significant characteristics associated with RG stratified by ethnicity. RG, reactive gastropathy.

    • African American Hispanic Caucasian Asian Native American p value
      Patients, N 160 94 30 4 4
      Age mean (SD) 61.95 (15.72) 64.55 (14.31) 49.57 (17.20) 67.00 (21.18) 69.00 (9.24) <0.001
      BMI mean (SD) 28.73 (8.92) 29.33 (6.48) 27.41 (5.40) 26.46 (1.68) 24.21 (0.00) 0.67
      Sex, n (%)
        M 46 (28.7) 37 (39.4) 16 (53.3) 0 (0.0) 2 (50.0) 0.03
        F 114 (71.2) 57 (60.6) 14 (46.7) 4 (100.0) 2 (50.0)
      Smoking history, n (%)
        None 89 (55.6) 53 (56.4) 13 (43.3) 2 (50.0) 4 (100.0) 0.01
        Active 18 (11.2) 7 (7.4) 10 (33.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
        Former 33 (20.6) 20 (21.3) 7 (23.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
        Unknown 20 (12.5) 14 (14.9) 0 (0.0) 2 (50.0) 0 (0.0)
      Alcohol use history, n (%)
        None 78 (48.8) 60 (63.8) 18 (60.0) 2 (50.0) 2 (50.0) 0.01
        Active 35 (21.9) 4 (4.3) 8 (26.7) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
        Former 17 (10.6) 11 (11.7) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
        Unknown 30 (18.8) 19 (20.2) 4 (13.3) 2 (50.0) 2 (50.0)
      Narcotic use, n (%)
        No 140 (87.5) 84 (89.4) 28 (93.3) 4 (100.0) 4 (100.0) 0.75
        Yes 20 (12.5) 10 (10.6) 2 (6.7) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
      NSAID use, n (%)
        No 97 (60.6) 47 (50.0) 23 (76.7) 3 (75.0) 4 (100.0) 0.03
        Yes 63 (39.4) 47 (50.0) 7 (23.3) 1 (25.0) 0 (0.0)
      Gastrointestinal prokinetic agent use, n (%)
        No 153 (95.6) 94 (100.0) 30 (100.0) 4 (100.0) 4 (100.0) 0.21
        Yes 7 (4.4) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
      Adenocarcinoma, n (%)
        No 158 (98.8) 94 (100.0) 30 (100.0) 4 (100.0) 4 (100.0) 0.8
        Yes 2 (1.2) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
      Intestinal metapalsia, n (%)
        No 142 (88.8) 78 (83.0) 26 (86.7) 4 (100.0) 4 (100.0) 0.71
        Yes 16 (10.0) 16 (17.0) 4 (13.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
      PPI therapy during endoscopy, n (%)
        No 119 (74.4) 47 (50.0) 18 (60.0) 2 (50.0) 4 (100.0) 0.002
        Yes 37 (23.1) 47 (50.0) 12 (40.0) 2 (50.0) 0 (0.0)
      Gastroesophageal reflux disease, n (%)
        No 132 (82.5) 79 (84.0) 21 (70.0) 4 (100.0) 2 (50.0) 0.15
        Yes 28 (17.5) 15 (16.0) 9 (30.0) 0 (0.0) 2 (50.0)
      Gallstones, n (%)
        No 158 (98.8) 92 (97.9) 30 (100.0) 4 (100.0) 4 (100.0) 0.92
        Yes 2 (1.2) 2 (2.1) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
      Diabetes mellitus, n (%)
        No 108 (67.5) 61 (64.9) 28 (93.3) 3 (75.0) 4 (100.0) 0.03
        Yes 52 (32.5) 33 (35.1) 2 (6.7) 1 (25.0) 0 (0.0)
      Hypertension, n (%)
        No 54 (33.8) 33 (35.1) 21 (70.0) 3 (75.0) 2 (50.0) 0.002
        Yes 106 (66.2) 61 (64.9) 9 (30.0) 1 (25.0) 2 (50.0)
      Cholecystectomy, n (%)
        No 157 (98.1) 93 (98.9) 28 (93.3) 4 (100.0) 4 (100.0) 0.43
        Yes 3 (1.9) 1 (1.1) 2 (6.7) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
      Appendectomy, n (%)
        No 160 (100.0) 88 (93.6) 26 (86.7) 4 (100.0) 4 (100.0) 0.002
        Yes 0 (0.0) 6 (6.4) 4 (13.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
      Bowel resection, n (%)
        No 152 (95.0) 92 (97.9) 30 (100.0) 4 (100.0) 4 (100.0) 0.55
        Yes 8 (5.0) 2 (2.1) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
      Gastrectomy, n (%)
        No 157 (98.1) 92 (97.9) 28 (93.3) 4 (100.0) 4 (100.0) 0.6
        Yes 3 (1.9) 2 (2.1) 2 (6.7) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
      Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy, n (%)
        No 156 (97.5) 94 (100.0) 30 (100.0) 4 (100.0) 4 (100.0) 0.5
        Yes 4 (2.5) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
      Pancreaticoduodenectomy, n (%)
        No 160 (100.0) 94 (100.0) 28 (93.3) 4 (100.0) 4 (100.0) 0.001
        Yes 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 2 (6.7) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
      Hernia repair, n (%)
        No 160 (100.0) 92 (97.9) 30 (100.0) 3 (75.0) 4 (100.0) <0.001
        Yes 0 (0.0) 2 (2.1) 0 (0.0) 1 (25.0) 0 (0.0)
      NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.

      Table 1. 

      Demographic characteristics of study population stratified by ethnicity

    • African American Hispanic Caucasian Asian Native American p value
      Patients, N 160 94 30 4 4
      Reactive gastropathy, n (%)
        No 1 (0.6) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0.93
        Yes 159 (99.4) 94 (100.0) 30 (100.0) 4 (100.0) 4 (100.0)
      Gastritis, n (%)
        No 22 (13.8) 9 (9.6) 4 (13.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0.71
        Yes 138 (86.2) 85 (90.4) 26 (86.7) 4 (100.0) 4 (100.0)
      Esophagitis, n (%)
        No 146 (91.2) 86 (91.5) 25 (83.3) 4 (100.0) 4 (100.0) 0.57
        Yes 14 (8.8) 8 (8.5) 5 (16.7) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
      Duodenitis, n (%)
        No 158 (98.8) 86 (91.5) 27 (90.0) 3 (75.0) 4 (100.0) 0.01
        Yes 2 (1.2) 8 (8.5) 3 (10.0) 1 (25.0) 0 (0.0)
      Fibrosis, n (%)
        No 158 (98.8) 92 (97.9) 30 (100.0) 4 (100.0) 4 (100.0) 0.92
        Yes 2 (1.2) 2 (2.1) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
      Erosions, n (%)
        No 154 (96.2) 92 (97.9) 29 (96.7) 3 (75.0) 4 (100.0) 0.18
        Yes 6 (3.8) 2 (2.1) 1 (3.3) 1 (25.0) 0 (0.0)
      Diverticulosis, n (%)
        No 158 (98.8) 94 (100.0) 30 (100.0) 4 (100.0) 4 (100.0) 0.8
        Yes 2 (1.2) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
      Abscess, n (%)
        No 158 (98.8) 94 (100.0) 30 (100.0) 4 (100.0) 4 (100.0) 0.8
        Yes 2 (1.2) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
      Intraepithelial lymphocytosis, n (%)
        No 156 (97.5) 88 (93.6) 28 (93.3) 4 (100.0) 4 (100.0) 0.54
        Yes 4 (2.5) 6 (6.4) 2 (6.7) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
      Schatzki ring, n (%)
        No 157 (98.1) 94 (100.0) 30 (100.0) 4 (100.0) 4 (100.0) 0.65
        Yes 3 (1.9) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
      Stricture, n (%)
        No 158 (98.8) 94 (100.0) 30 (100.0) 4 (100.0) 4 (100.0) 0.8
        Yes 2 (1.2) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
      Melanosis coli, n (%)
        No 158 (98.8) 94 (100.0) 28 (93.3) 4 (100.0) 4 (100.0) 0.11
        Yes 2 (1.2) 0 (0.0) 2 (6.7) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
      Foamy macrophages, n (%)
        No 160 (100.0) 92 (97.9) 30 (100.0) 4 (100.0) 4 (100.0) 0.37
        Yes 0 (0.0) 2 (2.1) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
      Ulcer, n (%)
        No 124 (77.5) 74 (78.7) 28 (93.3) 2 (50.0) 2 (50.0) 0.1
        Yes 36 (22.5) 20 (21.3) 2 (6.7) 2 (50.0) 2 (50.0)
      Location, n (%)
        Antrum 158 (98.8) 91 (96.8) 28 (93.3) 4 (100.0) 4 (100.0) 0.45
        Body 137 (85.6) 77 (81.9) 26 (86.7) 4 (100.0) 4 (100.0) 0.7
        Duodenum 4 (2.5) 8 (8.5) 3 (10.0) 1 (25.0) 0 (0.0) 0.07
        Esophagus 8 (5.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (3.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0.27
        Incisura 26 (16.2) 6 (6.4) 6 (20.0) 0 (0.0) 4 (100.0) <0.001
        Fundus 8 (5.0) 4 (4.3) 2 (6.7) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0.95
        Pylorus 4 (2.5) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0.5
      Hiatal hernia, n (%)
        No 143 (89.4) 86 (91.5) 29 (96.7) 3 (75.0) 4 (100.0) 0.52
        Yes 17 (10.6) 8 (8.5) 1 (3.3) 1 (25.0) 0 (0.0)
      H. pylori, n (%)
        No 153 (95.6) 90 (95.7) 30 (100.0) 4 (100.0) 4 (100.0) 0.79
        Yes 7 (4.4) 4 (4.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
      Gastric polyp, n (%)
        No 132 (82.5) 79 (84.0) 22 (73.3) 4 (100.0) 2 (50.0) 0.25
        Yes 28 (17.5) 15 (16.0) 8 (26.7) 0 (0.0) 2 (50.0)
      Tissue architectural changes, n (%)
        None 152 (95.0) 80 (85.1) 28 (93.3) 4 (100.0) 4 (100.0) 0.004
        Hyperplastic 4 (2.5) 0 (0.0) 2 (6.7) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
        Dysplastic 4 (2.5) 4 (4.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
        Metaplastic 0 (0.0) 10 (10.6) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)

      Table 2. 

      Gastropathic characteristics of the study population stratified by ethnicity