From biomarkers to outcomes: investigating DEK, p53, and Bcl-2 expression and their role in colorectal cancer stage and lymph node metastasis

Figures (1) Tables (5)

Figure 1.
Representative IHC images for (a) low DEK expression, (b) high DEK expression, (c) p53 negative expression, (d) p53 positive expression, (e) Bcl-2 negative expression, and (f) Bcl-2 positive expression. (400x, IHC).

Characteristic		No. of cases (%)
Age	< 50 years	12 (23.5%)
	> 50 years	39 (76.5%)
	Mean (standard deviation)	56.84 (± 13.00%)
Sex	Male	27 (52.9%)
Sex	Female	24 (47.1%)
Tumor location	Colon	33 (64.7%)
Tumor location	Rectum	18 (35.3%)
Largest tumor dimension	< 5 cm	17 (33.3%)
Largest tumor dimension	> 5 cm	34 (66.7%)
Margin status	Negative	38 (74.5%)
Margin status	Positive	13 (25.5%)
Histology grade	Low grade	41 (80.4%)
Histology grade	High grade	10 (19.6%)
Depth of invasion (pT)	Submucosa (pT1)	0 (0)
	Muscularis propria (pT2)	13 (25.5%)
	Subserosa (pT3)	30 (58.8%)
	Invades other organs/perforates peritoneal visceral (pT4)	8 (15.7%)
Lymphovascular invasion	Absent	36 (70.6%)
Lymphovascular invasion	Present	15 (29.4%)
Perineural invasion	Absent	44 (86.3%)
Perineural invasion	Present	7 (13.7%)
Lymph node metastasis	Absent	28 (54.9%)
Lymph node metastasis	Present	23 (45.1%)
Tumor stages	Localized (I-IIA)	25 (49%)
Tumor stages	Advanced (IIB-IV)	26 (51%)

Table 1.

Clinicopathological characteristics of the research sample (n = 51).

Characteristic		DEK			p53			Bcl-2
Characteristic		Low	High	p	Negative	Positive	p	Negative	Positive	p
Tumor location	Colon	13	20	0.669^a	17	16	0.212^a	1	32	0.282^a
Tumor location	Rectum	6	12	0.669^a	6	12	0.212^a	2	16	0.282^a
Largest tumor dimension	< 5 cm	6	11	0.838^a	7	10	0.69^a	2	15	0.255^a
Largest tumor dimension	> 5 cm	13	21	0.838^a	16	18	0.69^a	1	33	0.255^a
Margin status	Negative	11	27	0.05^a	17	21	0.929^a	1	37	0.156^a
Margin status	Positive	8	5	0.05^a	6	7	0.929^a	2	11	0.156^a
Histology grade	Low grade	13	28	0.146^a	16	25	0.154^b	0	41	0.006^a
Histology grade	High grade	6	4	0.146^a	7	3	0.154^b	3	7	0.006^a
Depth of invasion (pT)	T1−T2	3	10	0.323^a	5	8	0.577^a	1	12	1.00^a
Depth of invasion (pT)	T3−T4	16	22	0.323^a	20	18	0.577^a	2	36	1.00^a
Lymphovascular invasion	Absent	11	25	0.125^a	18	18	0.276^a	3	33	0.546^a
Lymphovascular invasion	Present	8	7	0.125^a	5	10	0.276^a	0	15	0.546^a
Perineural invasion	Absent	17	27	0.669^a	21	23	0.436^b	3	41	1.00^a
Perineural invasion	Present	2	5	0.669^a	2	5	0.436^b	0	7	1.00^a
The values are presented as No. of cases. ^a Chi-square test. ^b Fisher test.

Table 2.

Clinicopathological characteristics and its association with DEK, p53, and Bcl-2 expression in colorectal cancers (n = 51).

Parameter		Tumor stage		p	LN metastasis		p
Parameter		Localized (I-IIA)	Advanced (IIB-IV)	p	Absent	Present	p
DEK	Low	5	14	0.012^a	6	13	0.010^a
DEK	High	20	12		22	10
p53	Negative	15	8	0.036^a	16	7	0.056^a
p53	Positive	10	18		12	16
Bcl-2	Negative	1	2	1.00^a	1	2	0.583^a
Bcl-2	Positive	24	24		27	21
The values are presented as No. of cases. LN, lymph node. ^a Chi-square test.

Table 3.

Analysis of DEK, p53, and Bcl-2 association with tumor stage and lymph node metastasis (n = 51).

	B	SE	Wald	OR	CI (95%)		p
	B	SE	Wald	OR	Lower	Upper	p
DEK	1.323	0.658	4.040	3.756	1.034	13.652	0.044
p53	−0.936	0.623	2.260	0.392	0.116	1.329	0.133
B, Coefficient. SE, standard error. Wald, Wald statistic. OR, odd ratio. CI, confidence interval.

Table 5.

Multivariate analysis (using binomial logistic regression) of DEK and p53 association with advanced-stage tumor (n = 51).