Figures (0)  Tables (5)
    • Variables Total (n = 63205) Without vaping (n = 60191) With vaping (n = 3014) Statistic p
      Age, mean ± SD 14.33 ± 1.65 14.30 ± 1.64 14.83 ± 1.64 t = −17.28 < 0.001
      Gender, n (%) χ2 = 805.68 < 0.001
      Boys 31198 (49.36) 28950 (48.10) 2248 (74.59)
      Girls 32007 (50.64) 31241 (51.90) 766 (25.41)
      School, n (%) χ2 = 145.91 < 0.001
      Senior high school 43373 (68.62) 41605 (69.12) 1768 (58.66)
      Junior high school 19832 (31.38) 18586 (30.88) 1246 (41.34)
      Family, n (%) χ2 = 35.39 < 0.001
      Nuclear 50414 (79.76) 48138 (79.98) 2276 (75.51)
      Single parent or remarried 12791 (20.24) 12053 (20.02) 738 (24.49)
      Alcohol use, n (%) χ2 = 2548.90 < 0.001
      Without 56487 (89.37) 54627 (90.76) 1860 (61.71)
      With 6718 (10.63) 5564 (9.24) 1154 (38.29)
      Traditional cigarette use, n (%) χ2 = 16306.91 < 0.001
      Without 58251 (92.16) 57312 (95.22) 939 (31.15)
      With 4954 (7.84) 2879 (4.78) 2075 (68.85)
      Residence, n (%) χ2 = 11.21 < 0.001
      Urban 21146 (33.46) 20053 (33.32) 1093 (36.26)
      Country 42059 (66.54) 40138 (66.68) 1921 (63.74)
      Only child, n (%) χ2 = 55.93 < 0.001
      Yes 13904 (22.00) 13075 (21.72) 829 (27.50)
      No 49301 (78.00) 47116 (78.28) 2185 (72.50)
      Left-behind status, n (%) χ2 = 0.01 0.929
      Yes 22202 (35.13) 21141 (35.12) 1061 (35.20)
      No 41003 (64.87) 39050 (64.88) 1953 (64.80)
      Father smoking, n (%) χ2 = 33.77 < 0.001
      Without 20744 (32.82) 19901 (33.06) 843 (27.97)
      With 42461 (67.18) 40290 (66.94) 2171 (72.03)
      Mother smoking, n(%) χ2 = 145.10 < 0.001
      Without 60705 (96.04) 57936 (96.25) 2769 (91.87)
      With 2500 (3.96) 2255 (3.75) 245 (8.13)
      Depression, n (%) χ2 = 867.25 < 0.001
      Without 48655 (76.98) 46999 (78.08) 1656 (54.94)
      With 14550 (23.02) 13192 (21.92) 1358 (45.06)
      Anxiety, n (%) χ2 = 699.24 < 0.001
      Without 54392 (86.06) 52289 (86.87) 2103 (69.77)
      With 8813 (13.94) 7902 (13.13) 911 (30.23)
      Sleep disturbance, n (%) χ2 = 889.73 < 0.001
      Without 44558 (70.50) 43162 (71.71) 1396 (46.32)
      With 18647 (29.50) 17029 (28.29) 1618 (53.68)
      Physical victimization, n (%) χ2 = 798.89 < 0.001
      Without 44657 (70.65) 43217 (71.80) 1440 (47.78)
      With 18548 (29.35) 16974 (28.20) 1574 (52.22)
      Verbal victimization, n (%) χ2 = 395.78 < 0.001
      Without 24545 (38.83) 23894 (39.70) 651 (21.60)
      With 38660 (61.17) 36297 (60.30) 2363 (78.40)
      Social manipulation, n (%) χ2 = 514.65 < 0.001
      Without 34661 (54.84) 33613 (55.84) 1048 (34.77)
      With 28544 (45.16) 26578 (44.16) 1966 (65.23)
      Property attacks, n (%) χ2 = 303.67 < 0.001
      Without 25946 (41.05) 25168 (41.81) 778 (25.81)
      With 37259 (58.95) 35023 (58.19) 2236 (74.19)
      MPVS scores, mean ± SD 6.38 ± 7.52 6.16 ± 7.53 10.74 ± 9.26 t = −32.86 < 0.001
      t: t-test, χ2: Chi-square test, SD: standard deviation.

      Table 1. 

      Sample characteristics by e-cigarette use.

    • MPVS Crude OR (95% CI) p-value Adjusted OR (95%CI) p-value
      Q1 1.00 (reference) 1.00 (reference)
      Q2 1.38 (1.21 ~ 1.56) < 0.001 1.26 (1.11 ~ 1.44) < 0.001
      Q3 2.20 (1.94 ~ 2.49) < 0.001 1.60 (1.40 ~ 1.82) < 0.001
      Q4 3.98 (3.55 ~ 4.46) < 0.001 2.11 (1.86 ~ 2.40) < 0.001
      Note: OR: Odds Ratio, CI: Confidence Interval. Adjusted for demographics, alcohol and traditional cigarette use, and mental distress.

      Table 2. 

      Association of bullying victimization severity with e-cigarette use.

    • Crude OR
      (95% CI)      		 p-value Adjusted OR
      (95% CI)      		 p-value
      Physical victimization 2.78 (2.59 ~ 3.00) < 0.001 1.53 (1.40 ~ 1.68) < 0.001
      Verbal victimization 2.39 (2.19 ~ 2.61) < 0.001 1.13 (1.01 ~ 1.27) 0.039
      Social manipulation 2.37 (2.20 ~ 2.56) < 0.001 1.29 (1.16 ~ 1.43) < 0.001
      Property attacks 2.07 (1.90 ~ 2.24) < 0.001 1.01 (0.90 ~ 1.12) 0.926
      Note: OR: Odds Ratio, CI: Confidence Interval. Adjusted for demographics, alcohol and traditional cigarette use, and mental distress.

      Table 3. 

      Association of specific type of bullying victimization with e-cigarette use.

    • Crude OR
      (95% CI)      		 p-value Adjusted OR
      (95% CI)      		 p-value
      Physical victimization 2.22 (2.04 ~ 2.42) < 0.001 1.45 (1.30 ~ 1.62) < 0.001
      Verbal victimization 2.23 (2.02 ~ 2.47) < 0.001 1.15 (1.00 ~ 1.32) 0.052
      Social manipulation 2.33 (2.13 ~ 2.54) < 0.001 1.29 (1.14 ~ 1.45) < 0.001
      Property attacks 2.05 (1.87 ~ 2.26) < 0.001 0.99 (0.87 ~ 1.13) 0.931
      Note: OR: Odds Ratio, CI: Confidence Interval. Adjusted for demographics, alcohol and traditional cigarette use, and mental distress.

      Table 4. 

      Association of specific type of bullying victimization with e-cigarette use in boys,

    • Crude OR
      (95% CI)      		 p-value Adjusted OR
      (95% CI)      		 p-value
      Physical victimization 3.37 (2.91 ~ 3.89) < 0.001 1.79 (1.51 ~ 2.13) < 0.001
      Verbal victimization 2.76 (2.30 ~ 3.30) < 0.001 1.07 (0.85 ~ 1.35) 0.559
      Social manipulation 3.06 (2.61 ~ 3.59) < 0.001 1.33 (1.09 ~ 1.63) 0.005
      Property attacks 2.61 (2.19 ~ 3.12) < 0.001 1.04 (0.84 ~ 1.31) 0.701
      Note: OR: Odds Ratio, CI: Confidence Interval. Adjusted for demographics, alcohol and traditional cigarette use, and mental distress.

      Table 5. 

      Association of specific type of bullying victimization with e-cigarette use in girls.