Figures (2)  Tables (2)

    • Figure 1. 

      Biosynthesis pathway of anthocyanins.

    • Figure 2. 

      Anthocyanins in horticultural plants.

    • Anthocyanidin Short name R1 R2 R3 Λmax
      (nm)      		 pH Color
      Delphinidin Dp OH OH OH 546 < 3 Blue
      3–11 Purple
      > 11 Red
      Pelargonidin Pg H OH H 520 Red
      Cyanidin Cy OH OH H 535 < 3 Red
      3–11 Purple
      > 11 Blue
      Petunidin Pt OCH3 OH OH 543 < 3 Red
      3–5 Pink
      5–8 Purple
      > 8 Blue
      Malvidin Mv OCH3 OH OCH3 542 Acidic–neutral Red
      Alkaline Blue
      Peonidin Pn OCH3 OH H 532 / Deep
      red-purple

      Table 1. 

      Category, chemical structure, and characteristics of plant anthocyanins[7].

    • TFs family Plant species Representative TFs Targets Ref.
      NAC Malus domestica MdNAC42 MYB [15]
      NAC Prunus persica BL/PpNAC1 MYB [16]
      NAC Arabidopsis thaliana ANAC032 DFR, ANS/LDOX,
      and TT8      		 [17]
      MADS-box Vaccinium myrtillus VmTDR4 MYB [18]
      bZIP Solanum lycopersicum SlHY5 CHS, DFR [19]
      bZIP Malus domestica MdHY5 MYB [19]
      WRKY Petunia hybrida PhPH3 MYB complex [20]
      SPL Salvia miltiorrhiza SmSPL7/SPL9 4CL [21]
      SPL Arabidopsis thaliana AtSPL9 MBW complex [21]

      Table 2. 

      Other TFs involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis.