Figures (6)  Tables (2)

    • Figure 1. 

      Vigour index with the different treatments (error bars with standard deviation) in Mucuna pruriens L. DC. var. utilis). [T1 (control), T2 (hot water 80 °C for 5 min), T3 (normal water for 24 h), T4 (H2SO4 1% for 5 h), T5 (KNO3 1% + HNO3 1% for 24 h), T6 (GA3 500 ppm for 24 h), and T7 (thiourea for 24 h); ASL = Average seedling length; DFG = Days for germination; GP/Germ% = Germination (%); Mort% = Mortality (%); SDW= Seedling Dry Weight; SP/Sur% = Survival (%); VI I = Vigour index 1; VI II = Vigour Index 2].

    • Figure 2. 

      Thermo-hydro-chemical seed priming and germination dynamics of spineless green manure legume cover crop (Mucuna pruriens L. DC. var. utilis).

    • Figure 3. 

      Seedling height of Mucuna pruriens in (a) (T4: H2SO4 1% for 5 min), and (b) (T2: hot water 80 °C for 5 min) thermo-hydro-chemical seed priming treatments.

    • Figure 4. 

      Trichomeless varieties of (a) CIM Ajar, (b) CIM-Nirom, and (c) wild collection with trichomes of Mucuna pruriens.

    • Figure 5. 

      Correlation matrix of germination traits in Mucuna pruriens.

    • Figure 6. 

      Principal component analysis (PCA) for treatments with germination-related traits in Mucuna pruriens [T1 (control), T2 (hot water 80 °C for 5 min), T3 (normal water for 24 h), T4 (H2SO4 1% for 5 h), T5 (KNO3 1% + HNO3 1% for 24 h), T6 (GA3 500 ppm for 24 h), and T7 (thiourea for 24 h); ASL = Average seedling length; DFG = Days for germination; GP/Germ% = Germination (%); Mort% = Mortality (%); SDW= Seedling Dry Weight; SP/Sur% = Survival (%); VI I = Vigour index 1; VI II = Vigour Index 2].

    • Treatments Germination (%) Mortality (%) SL (cm) Survival (%) DG SDW (g)
      T1: Control 22.00 + 0.96e 78.00 + 0.96a 8.89 + 0.39c 20.56 + 0.53f 14.26 + 0.38a 0.30 + 0.04f
      T2: Hot water 44.25 + 1.35b 55.75 + 1.35d 17.33 + 0.76b 43.94 + 1.16b 11.23 + 0.54d 0.68 + 0.05d
      T3: Normal water 42.86 + 1.87bc 57.14 + 1.87d 19.00 + 0.83a 39.42 + 1.04c 10.67 + 0.81f 0.74 + 0.03c
      T4: H2SO4 57.14 + 2.49a 42.86 + 2.49e 19.67 + 0.86a 56.98 + 1.73a 8.69 + 0.26g 0.90 + 0.04a
      T5: KNO3 + HNO3 28.94 + 1.26d 71.06 + 1.26bc 16.81 + 0.73b 27.42 + 0.87d 13.33 + 0.34b 0.36 + 0.08
      T6: GA3 27.65 + 0.58d 72.35 + 0.58b 19.39 + 0.40a 26.89 + 0.92d 9.67 + 0.21e 0.82 + 0.02b
      T7: Thiourea 27.01 + 0.71d 72.99 + 0.71b 16.98 + 0.45b 26.05 + 0.54de 12.65 + 0.37c 0.50 + 0.04de
      SL, Seedling length (cm); SP, Survival (%); DG, Days to germination; SDW (g), Seedling dry weight; Average data followed by similar letter in the same column means not significantly different based on 5% of DMRT (Duncan's Multiple Range Test).

      Table 1. 

      Thermo-hydro-chemical seed treatments and germination dynamics of Mucuna pruriens L. DC. var. utilis.

    • Characters G (%) M (%) SL (g) SP (%) DG VI I VI II SDW (g)
      G (%) 1 −0.99 0.596 0.996 −0.747 0.697 0.956 0.739
      M (%) 1 −0.600 −0.996 0.746 −0.698 −0.957 −0.738
      SL (g) 1 0.591 −0.812 −0.155 0.670 0.802
      SP (%) 1 −0.754 0.698 0.958 0.742
      DG 1 −0.228 −0.896 −0.991
      VI I 1 0.593 0.231
      VI II 1 0.887
      SDW (g) 1
      GP (%), Germination (%); Mort (%), Mortality (%); SP (%), Survival (%); DG, Days to germination; VI, Vigour Index; SL, Seedling length (cm); SDW (g), Seedling dry weight; Correlation is significant at 5%.

      Table 2. 

      Correlation analysis of germination related traits of Mucuna pruriens L. DC. var. utilis.