Figures (5)  Tables (2)

    • Figure 1. 

      The coefficient-lambda graph.

    • Figure 2. 

      The selected radiomic features and their specific gravity included in the SVM.

    • Figure 3. 

      The ROC curve for categorized smokers vs nonsmokers.

    • Figure 4. 

      Group differences in seed-based resting-state FC. The results were corrected for multiple comparisons (voxelwise p < 0.05, family-wise error [FWE] corrected).

    • Figure 5. 

      Spearman correlation (FDR corrected) heat maps of imaging data and behavioral data.

    • Smokers Nonsmokers p value
      Number of individuals 50 47 −
      Age (year) 29.66 ± 6.63 27.43 ± 4.35 0.201
      Gender, male (%) 49 (98.0%) 32 (68.1%) <0.001
      Years of education 15.18 ± 2.96 17.57 ± 1.81 <0.001
      Age at first smoking/first cigarette 12.46 ± 7.35 − −
      Smoking in years 14.98 ± 5.27 − −
      Smoking, cigarettes per day 5.1 ± 2.78 − −
      Craving score 17.04 ± 3.56 − −
      FTND 3.84 ± 2.02 − −

      Table 1. 

      Demographic and clinical characteristics of the smoking and healthy control groups.

    • ROI Regions T MNI coordinate Condition P-FWE_corr
      x y z
      Insula Right occipital
      lingual gyrus      		 4.64 18 −102 −3 NA > HC 0.000
      Insula Right nucleus
      accumbens      		 5.13 33 3 −15 NA > HC 0.014
      Insula Left marginal lobe
      sulcal gyrus      		 4.22 −27 0 −30 NA > HC 0.027
      Insula Left nucleus
      accumbens      		 5.07 −12 9 −9 NA > HC 0.004
      MNI, Montreal Neurological Institute.

      Table 2. 

      Group comparison of functional connections based on insula as seed points.