Figures (11)  Tables (2)

    • Figure 1. 

      Photograph of five selected commercially available edible mushrooms (dried) in the Philippines. (a) Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.) J.Schröt. (wood ear). (b) Auricularia cornea Ehrenb. (cloud ear). (c) Tremella fuciformis Berk. (snow fungus). (d) Morchella esculenta Fr. (yellow morel). (e) Ganoderma sichuanense J.D. Zhao & X.Q. Zhang (reishi or lingzhi).

    • Figure 2. 

      (a) Network visualization of co-authorship with reference to associated countries on published works of Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.) J.Schröt. (b) Density visualization of co-authorship with reference to citations on published works of Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.) J.Schröt.

    • Figure 3. 

      (a) Network visualization of co-authorship with reference to associated countries on published works of Auricularia cornea Ehrenb. (b) Density visualization of co-authorship regarding citations of published works on Auricularia cornea Ehrenb.

    • Figure 4. 

      (a) Network visualization of co-authorship with reference to associated countries on published works of Tremella fuciformis Berk. (b) Density visualization of co-authorship with reference to citations of published works on Tremella fuciformis Berk.

    • Figure 5. 

      (a) Network visualization of co-authorship regarding associated countries on published works of Morchella esculenta Fr. (b) Density visualization of co-authorship regarding citations of published works on Morchella esculenta Fr.

    • Figure 6. 

      (a) Network visualization of co-authorship with reference to associated countries on published works of Ganoderma sichuanense J.D. Zhao & X.Q. Zhang. (b) Density visualization of co-authorship with reference to associated countries on published works of Ganoderma sichuanense J.D. Zhao & X.Q. Zhang.

    • Figure 7. 

      Compilation of average FTIR spectra of solvent-assisted extractions of Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.) J.Schröt.

    • Figure 8. 

      Compilation of average FTIR spectra of solvent-assisted extraction of Auricularia cornea Ehrenb.

    • Figure 9. 

      Compilation of average FTIR spectra of solvent-assisted extraction of Tremella fuciformis Berk.

    • Figure 10. 

      Compilation of average FTIR spectra of solvent-assisted extraction of Morchella esculenta Fr.

    • Figure 11. 

      Compilation of average FTIR spectra of solvent-assisted extraction of Ganoderma sichuanense J.D. Zhao & X.Q. Zhang.

    • Species Total publications No. of countries Countries with collaborative links No. of clusters Most prominent cluster Top publishing countries
      Auricularia auricula-judae 77 34 12 4 China, the Czech Republic, Egypt, and Japan China (29), USA (11), Thailand (7), Indonesia (5), South Korea (5)
      Auricularia cornea 42 10 6 2 China, Germany, Pakistan China (34), Thailand (6), USA (3),
      others (single publication each)
      Tremella fuciformis 101 21 12 6 China, Egypt, Macao China (72), Taiwan (10), USA (6),
      Malaysia (5), Canada (3)
      Morchella esculenta 67 34 26 4 Canada, China, Egypt, France, Japan, Malaysia, and
      the United States      		 China (40), Pakistan (12), India (6),
      Italy (5), Saudi Arabia (4)
      Ganoderma sichuanense 8 5 5 4 China and Ghana China (5), Ghana (1), Hungary (1),
      Italy (1), Kuwait (1)

      Table 1. 

      Bibliometric summary of selected edible fungal species.

    • Solvent extract Auricularia auricula-judae Auricularia cornea Tremella fuciformis Morchella esculenta Ganoderma sichuanense
      n-Pentane/
      Petroleum Ether (Non-polar)      		 Peaks at ~3,008.98, 2,925.68, 2,855.30, 1,745.07, 1,713.47,
      1,464.99 cm−1; indicates
      long-chain fatty acids,
      phospholipids      		 Similar peaks at ~3,008.66, 2,924.24, 2,853.87, 1,743.63, 1,710.60, 1,462.12 cm−1;
      fatty acids and lipids
      present      		 Peaks at ~3,008.66, 2,925.68, 2,853.87, 1,745.07, 1,710.60,
      1,464.99 cm−1; indicative of a
      lipid-rich profile      		 Peaks at ~3,008.98, 2,925.68, 2,855.30, 1,743.63, 1,713.47,
      1,464.99 cm−1; confirms fatty acids and esters      		 Peaks at ~3,008.66, 2,925.68, 2,855.30, 1,743.63, 1,713.47,
      1,464.99 cm−1; consistent with fatty acid and phospholipid content
      DCM (Medium polarity) Broad peak at 3,301.98 cm−1 (O-H/N-H), diminished C-H, C=C at 1,627.29 cm−1, C-O at 1,052.78 cm−1, amide band at 617.60 cm−1 Peak at 3,305.35 cm−1 (O-H/N-H), weaker C-H stretches, C=C at 1,625.86 cm−1, C-O
      at 1,052.78 cm−1, amide
      band at 617.60 cm−1      		 Peak at 3,301.98 cm−1, reduced C-H, C=C at 1,625.86 cm−1, C-O at 1,052.78 cm−1,
      amide ~617.60 cm−1      		 Broad 3,305.35 cm−1 (O-H/N-H), C=C at 1,625.86 cm−1, C-O at 1,052.78 cm−1, amide at 617.60 cm−1 Peak at 3,305.35 cm−1, diminished C-H, C=C at 1,625.86 cm−1, C-O at 1,052.78 cm−1, amide
      band at 617.60 cm−1
      Ethyl Acetate (Semi-polar) Peaks at ~3,008.98, 2,925.68, 2,855.30, 1,745.07, 1,713.47, 1,457.81, 1,240.94,
      1,164.81 cm−1; mid- to short-chain fatty acid acetates      		 Peaks at ~3,008.66, 2,924.24, 2,853.87, 1,743.63, 1,710.60, 1,457.81, 1,243.81,
      1,161.94 cm−1; fatty acid acetates present      		 Peaks at ~3,008.98, 2,925.68, 2,853.87, 1,743.63, 1,710.60, 1,457.81, 1,243.81, 1,164.81 cm−1;
      acetates of fatty
      acids detected      		 Peaks at ~3,008.98, 2,925.68, 2,855.30, 1,745.07, 1,710.60, 1,457.81, 1,243.81,
      1,164.81 cm−1; esters and acetates prominent      		 Peaks at ~3,008.98, 2,925.68, 2,855.30, 1,743.63, 1,710.60, 1,457.81, 1,243.81,
      1164.81 cm−1; acetates
      and esters significant
      Acetone
      (Semi-polar)      		 Peaks at ~3,008.98, 2,924.24, 2,853.87, 1,743.63, 1,710.60, 1,457.81, 1,161.94 cm−1; consistent with free
      fatty acids      		 Peaks at ~3,008.66, 2,924.24, 2,853.87, 1,743.63, 1,710.60, 1,457.81, 1,161.94 cm−1;
      fatty acids evident      		 Peaks at ~3,008.98, 2,925.68, 2,855.30, 1,745.07, 1,710.60, 1,457.81, 1,164.81 cm−1; free fatty acids and esters detected Peaks at ~3,008.98, 2,925.68, 2,855.30, 1,745.07, 1,710.60, 1,457.81, 1,164.81 cm−1; fatty acids dominant Peaks at ~3,008.98, 2,925.68, 2,855.30, 1,743.63, 1,710.60, 1,457.81, 1,164.81 cm−1; fatty acids and esters prominent
      DCM: MeOH Crude Extract (Polar) The peak at 3,337.89 cm−1 (O-H or N-H from glucans), strong signals indicating polysaccharides and proteins Broad peak at
      ~3,337.89 cm−1,
      indicating glucans
      and protein content      		 Similar broad peak at ~3,337.89 cm−1; polysaccharides and proteins present Broad ~3,337.89 cm−1
      peak confirming polysaccharides (glucans) and protein structures      		 Peak at ~3,337.89 cm−1, strong signal of glucans and protein-associated
      O-H/N-H stretches

      Table 2. 

      Summary of FTIR spectroscopy findings for selected mushroom species.