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    • Figure 1. 

      FASN-ACOX2 axis regulates UCP1-independent peroxisomal thermogenesis. UCP1-deficient mice are resistant to obesity, revealing an UCP1-independent thermogenic pathway. Thermogenic stimuli upregulates FASN and ACOX2 in adiposes, triggering peroxisomal energy expenditure. In this pathway, mitochondrial CRAT converts BCAAs to BrCoA, which FASN uses to synthesize mmBCFAs. FASN is enriched around peroxisomes, where mmBCFAs are imported via PMP70 and metabolized by ACOX2, releasing heat. UCP1, uncoupling protein 1; ACOX2, acyl-CoA oxidase 2; BCAA, branched-chain amino acids; CRAT, carnitine acetyltransferase; BrCoA, branched-chain acyl-coenzyme A (CoA); FASN, fatty acid synthase; mmBCFA, monomethyl branched-chain fatty acids; KO, knockout; OE, overexpression.