Figures (6)  Tables (0)

    • Figure 1. 

      The chemical structure and key properties of PFOS.

    • Figure 2. 

      The possible sources and fate of PFOS in the soil environment in Africa.

    • Figure 3. 

      The maximum concentrations of PFOS in: (a) the soil, (b) and plants collected from different locations in Africa (UG1: Uganda; UG2: Mabira Forest Reserve, Uganda; NG1: Nigeria; NG2: Jos, Nigeria; KE: Kenya; GH: Ghana; SA1: Cape Town, South Africa; SA2: South Africa; SA3: Mapunguwe National Park, South Africa; CM1: Buea, Cameroon; CM2: Edea, Cameroon).

    • Figure 4. 

      Root uptake and translocation via transpiration and cell membrane (symplastic and apoplastic pathways) of PFOS to aboveground tissues via the cortex, phloem, and xylem cells.

    • Figure 5. 

      Ecological risks caused by PFOS accumulation in the soil–plant system.

    • Figure 6. 

      The reactions that occur in plants from the production of ROS to the resulting Fenton reaction.