Back Article

Figure 1. 

Three autophagy genes are compared on the basis of their basic characteristics. (a) Conserved motifs in the three autophagy proteins, with the black line indicating nonconserved regions, and motif lengths proportionally represented. (b) The gene positions on the graph represent the average of their endpoints, with chromosome numbers above the bars and scale in megabases (Mb) on the left.

Figure 2. 

Phylogenetic analysis of (a) lc3, (b) beclin-1, and (c) p62 from T. fasciatus and other animals.

Figure 3. 

Tissue-specific expression of autophagy genes in T. fasciatus. Figures marked with * represent significant differences at p < 0.05.

Figure 4. 

Effect of different environmental factors on autophagy gene mRNA levels under Cu²⁺ treatment (a, b, c) and low temperatures (d, e, f). The means ± standard error of the mean (SEM) (n = 3) are used to express the data. Significant differences (p < 0.05) between treatments within the same timeframe are denoted by different lowercase letters.

Figure 5. 

Effects of multiple environmental factors on protein levels of autophagy genes udner Cu²⁺ treatment (a, b, c) and low-temperature treatment (e, f, g). Data are expressed as the means ± standard error of the mean (SEM) (n = 3). Significant differences (p < 0.05) between treatments within the same timeframe are denoted by different lowercase letters. (d, h) The abscissa is the temperature variables of 25 °C, 19 °C and 13 °C, with 25 °C as the control group, where each temperature is divided into four timeframes (0, 6, 24 and 96 h). Significant differences in the impact of various temperatures over the same time period are indicated by distinct lowercase letters (p < 0.05). Different capital letters represent significant variations in the effects of different temperature treatments (p < 0.05), while identical letters denote no significant difference.