Figures (0)  Tables (1)
    • Crab species Plant extract Dosages Experimental findings Ref.
      Mud crab (Scylla olivacea) Melastoma malabathricum leaf 0.25, 0.5, 1 mg/g At 1 mg/g, ovary weight and gonadosomatic index (GSI) were highest; oocytes were larger and more advanced histologically. [77]
      Blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus L.) larvae Mulberry (Morus alba) extract 0 (control), 1, 2, and 4 mg/100 g Only at 4 mg/100 g did larvae molt fully through to megalopa and crab stages; lower doses halted development at earlier larval stages. [78]
      Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) Yeast extract 2.5, 5, and 10 g/kg yeast extract Doses ≥ 5 g/kg increased edible viscera index, catalase (CAT) activity, muscle/viscera protein content, serum immunity, and antioxidant status. [79]
      Orange mud crab (Scylla olivacea) Amaranth extract
      (Amaranthus spp.)      		 17, 29, 42, 54, and 67 µg mL At 42 μg/mL: optimized molting rate, duration, weight gain, survival and elevated hemolymph ecdysteroids. [80]
      Mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) Guava leaf extract 0, 80, 160, 320, and 640 mg/kg 320 mg/kg improved growth, survival, enzyme activities (lipase, pepsin, lysozyme, SOD, ACP, GSH), with enhanced gene expression (GPx3, CAT, SOD, GST, p53). [81]
      Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758) broodstock females
      		 Amaranth extracts 250, 500, 750 ng/g All doses improved absolute weight gain (AWG), carapace length (ACL), and carapace width (ACW) relative to control. [82]
      Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis)
      		 Bamboo leaf flavonoids
      		 0, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg BLF enhanced growth, gut microbiota balance, serum phenoloxidase and lysozyme, hepatopancreas antioxidant indices, and activated Toll/NF-κB pathway. [83]
      Mud crab (Scylla Serrata)
      		 Solanum ferox extract P2-20 mL/kg of A, P3-30 mL/kg of A, P4-20 mL/kg of B, and
      P5-30 mL/kg of B      		 Formula A (30 mL/kg) most effectively improved molting rate and survival; formula B improved growth and survival, but not significantly.
      Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) Ophiopogon japonicus
      		 100 mg/kg Reduced White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) loads, inhibited ie1, modulated JAK–STAT, increased autophagy markers and antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GSH), and improved survival.
      Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) Garlic powder 1,000, 2,000 mg/kg Enhanced final weight, WG, SGR, immune enzymes (PO, lysozyme), antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, GPX), reduced MDA, improved antioxidant/immunity gene expression, modulated gut microbiota.
      Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) Honeysuckle stem
      		 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 g/kg After 30 d: increased hemocyte count, lysozyme, PO activity; limited antibacterial effect, but suppressed inflammatory gene expression and boosted immunity markers.
      Fresh water crab (Oziotelphusa senex senex) Ricinus communis L. leaf extract
      		 0.05 mL of 80% Improved immune defense against microbial infections by elevating haemocyte responses.
      Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis)
      		 Icariin 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg I At 100 mg/kg: enhanced WG, SGR, antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPX), immune enzymes (PO, lysozyme, ACP, AKP), upregulated protective genes, and downregulated inflammation-related genes.
      Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) Combined extracts (Rhizoma coptidis, Mosla, Caesalpinia sappan, Punica granatum) 5, 10, and 15 g/kg diet Dose-dependent increases in WG, SGR, ACP, AKP, CAT, lysozyme, SOD, improved gut bacterial diversity, and protected against Aeromonas veronii infection.
      Swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus) Quillaja saponaria 150, 300, and 450 mg/kg At 300–450 mg/kg: improved average body weight, weight gain, SGR, hemocyte counts, phenoloxidase, antioxidant enzymes; respiratory burst unchanged.
      Burrowing crab (Cardiosoma guanhumi) Moringa oleifera. Aqueous extract 0.5–2.0 mL/kg Hemocyte profiles shifted (granulocytes, monocytes); at 2.0 mL/kg: highest serum enzyme activity (SOD, CAT, GPX, MDA).

      Table 1. 

      Effect of plant extracts on crab species development.