Figures (7)  Tables (1)

    • Figure 1. 

      Morphological characteristics of 100 G. hybrida germplasm in full bloom. The top left corner label corresponds to the variety number; scale bar is 1 cm.

    • Figure 2. 

      Disease grading of highly resistant and susceptible G. hybrida inoculated by P. cryptogea. KJ indicates Midi Eyecatcher Twilight BC pots inoculated with P. cryptogea spore suspension liquid, and GJ indicates Mini Orange BC pots inoculated with P. cryptogea spore suspension liquid. Grade 0 indicates no symptoms; Grade 1 indicates ≤ 50% leaves wilted; Grade 2 indicates > 50% leaves wilted but not fully desiccated; Grade 3 indicates all leaves wilted, partial leaf desiccation observed; Grade 4 indicates complete plant death.

    • Figure 3. 

      Phenotypes of above-ground parts of highly resistant and highly susceptible G. hybrida after P. cryptogea inoculation. KJ indicates Midi Eyecatcher Twilight BC pots inoculated with P. cryptogea spore suspension liquid; CK1 indicates Midi Eyecatcher Twilight BC pots inoculated with equal amount of water; GJ indicates Mini Orange BC pots inoculated with P. cryptogea spore suspension liquid; CK2 indicates Mini Orange BC pots inoculated with equal amounts of water. 0d, 2d, 4d, 6d denote day 0, 2, 4, and 6 after inoculation with P. cryptogea. Scale bar is 1 dm.

    • Figure 4. 

      Aboveground growth indexes of highly resistant and highly susceptible G. hybrida after P. cryptogea inoculation. (a) Leaf length of highly resistant and highly susceptible G. hybrida after P. cryptogea inoculation. (b) Numbers of leaves of highly resistant and highly susceptible G. hybrida after P. cryptogea inoculation. (c) Fresh weight of above-ground parts of highly resistant and highly susceptible G. hybrida after P. cryptogea inoculation. KJ indicates Midi Eyecatcher Twilight BC pots inoculated with P. cryptogea spore suspension liquid; CK1 indicates Midi Eyecatcher Twilight BC pots inoculated with equal amount of water; GJ indicates Mini Orange BC pots inoculated with P. cryptogea spore suspension liquid; CK2 indicates Mini Orange BC pots inoculated with equal amounts of water. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p <0.001, **** p < 0.0001. Treatments that were not significantly different from the control are not labelled on the graph.

    • Figure 5. 

      Root phenotypes of highly resistant and highly susceptible G. hybrida after P. cryptogea inoculation. KJ indicates Midi Eyecatcher Twilight BC pots inoculated with P. cryptogea spore suspension liquid; CK1 indicates Midi Eyecatcher Twilight BC pots inoculated with equal amount of water; GJ indicates Mini Orange BC pots inoculated with P. cryptogea spore suspension liquid; CK2 indicates Mini Orange BC pots inoculated with equal amounts of water. 0d, 2d, 4d, 6d denote day 0, 2, 4, and 6 after inoculation with P. cryptogea. Scale bars are 1 cm.

    • Figure 6. 

      Root growth indexes of highly resistant and highly susceptible G. hybrida after P. cryptogea inoculation. (a) Root length of highly resistant and highly susceptible G. hybrida after P. cryptogea inoculation. (b) Numbers of roots of highly resistant and highly susceptible G. hybrida after P. cryptogea inoculation. (c) Fresh weight of roots of highly resistant and highly susceptible G. hybrida after P. cryptogea inoculation. KJ indicates Midi Eyecatcher Twilight BC pots inoculated with P. cryptogea spore suspension liquid; CK1 indicates Midi Eyecatcher Twilight BC pots inoculated with equal amount of water; GJ indicates Mini Orange BC pots inoculated with P. cryptogea spore suspension liquid; CK2 indicates Mini Orange BC pots inoculated with equal amounts of water. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001. Treatments that were not significantly different from the control are not labelled on the graphs.

    • Figure 7. 

      Phenotypes of different resistance levels of G. hybrida after infection. (a) Growth performance of aerial part of diseased G. hybrida; (b) Root growth performance of G. hybrida; (c) Stem bases growth performance of diseased G. hybrida. Scale bar is 1 cm.

    • No. Cultivars Origin Incidence rate (%) Disease index Resistance level
      47 Mini Orange BC the Netherlands 91.7 85 HS
      63 Micro Pink BC the Netherlands 90.3 81.98 HS
      51 Mini Red BC the Netherlands 83.3 81.67 HS
      92 JQ-24 Fujian, China 83.3 79.58 S
      9 MAXI hot pink the Netherlands 71.7 60.42 S
      79 JQ-25 Fujian, China 65 60.42 S
      85 JQ-21 Fujian, China 61.7 58.75 MS
      20 Midi Red the Netherlands 61.7 50.83 MS
      12 Giant Orange the Netherlands 50 48.75 MR
      27 Midi Eyecatcher Purple BC the Netherlands 46.7 40.42 MR
      36 Midi Light Pink BC the Netherlands 50 40 R
      53 Mini Yellow BC the Netherlands 41.7 40 R
      21 Midi Yellow the Netherlands 21.7 20.42 R
      32 Midi Pink BC the Netherlands 21.7 20.42 R
      24 Midi Red BC the Netherlands 13.3 13.33 HR
      72 Maxi Yellow BC the Netherlands 13.3 11.67 HR
      30 Midi Eyecatcher Twilight BC the Netherlands 8.3 8.33 HR

      Table 1. 

      Evaluation of the natural incidence and resistance of 100 G. hybrida germplasm.