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    • Figure 1. 

      TMEM63A-mediated mechanosensation regulates myelin geometry in the central nervous system. Oligodendrocytes sense axonal membrane stretch via the mechanosensitive ion channel TMEM63A, leading to Ca2+ influx and activation of intracellular Ca2+ signaling pathways. Through this mechanism, oligodendrocytes dynamically adjust myelin thickness and internode length according to axonal diameter. Loss of TMEM63A causes dysmyelination, characterized by thinner myelin on large-diameter axons, aberrantly thick ectopic myelination on small-diameter axons, reduced and more uniform internode lengths and increased node lengths.