Altitudinal relocation alters growth and nutrient allocation of young mango cultivars: implications for climate-resilient orchard systems

Tewodros Tesfaye Wubshet; Ping Lu; Xueguo Xie; Tewodros Tesfaye Wubshet; Ping Lu; Xueguo Xie

doi:10.48130/cas-0026-0014

Figures (7) Tables (4)

Figure 1.
(a) Experimental plots located at altitude 450 and 1,050 m a.s.l. (a), (b) Map of the study location at Honghe County, Yunnan Province, China (c) Experimental plots at 450 or 1,050 m a.s.l. (d) Illustration of experimental plots layout located within a radius of (ca. 100 m), and facing north. (GIS clip from global map).
Figure 2.
(a) Monthly mean air temperature (°C), and rainfall (mm). (b) Vapor pressure deficit (VPD kPa) of the study site at 450 and 1,050 m a.s.l.
Figure 3.
Mean ± SE annual growth in (cm). (a) Plant height, (b) scion heights, (c) trunk height of four mango cultivars grown at altitudes of 450 and 1,050 m a.s.l. Different letters indicate differences between means are statistically significant p < 0.01.
Figure 4.
Mean ± SE annual growth in (mm). (a) Scion, (b) trunk diameters of mango cultivars grown at altitudes of 450 and 1,050 m a.s.l. Different letters indicate the difference between means is statistically significant, p < 0.01.
Figure 5.
Relative weight (%) of climatic factors to vegetative growth variation (R² = 0.87).
Figure 6.
Mean ± SE seasonal height growth (cm) during cold-dry, hot-dry, and wet-warm of four mango cultivars grown at 450 and 1,050 m, p < 0.01.
Figure 7.
Mean ± SE seasonal growth in scion and trunk diameter (mm) during cold-dry, hot-dry, and wet-warm of four mango cultivars grown at 450 and 1,050 m, p < 0.01.

Composition	Unit	Altitude (m)
Composition	Unit	450	1,050
pH	−	6.72 ± 0.05^a	6.67 ± 0.07^a
Soil organic carbon	g/kg	8.89 ± 0.8^a	7.61 ± 0.4^a
Total nitrogen	g/kg	1.21 ± 0.7^a	1.016 ± 0.03^a
Total phosphorous	g/kg	0.5 ± 0.01^a	0.54 ± 0.02^a
Available phosphorous	mg/kg	9.49 ± 0.34^a	8.93 ± 0.68^a
Total potassium	g/kg	26.12 ± 0.7^a	27.3 ± 1.0^a
Available potassium	g/kg	0.224 ± 0.02^a	0.22 ± 0.01^a

Table 1.

Soil chemical composition of the study plots located at 450 and 1,050 m altitudes before any treatment is applied. Different letters indicate the difference between means is statistically significant, whereas similar letters indicate the absence of a statistically significant difference between means, p ≤ 0.05.

Nutrient	Unit	R²_cal	R²_Val	RMSE	RPD
Carbon (C)	g/kg	0.88	0.84	20.53	2.4
Nitrogen (N)	g/kg	0.91	0.87	2.96	2.8
Potassium (K)	g/kg	0.89	0.85	1.15	2.5
Calcium (Ca)	g/kg	0.92	0.88	0.55	2.9
Phosphorus (P)	g/kg	0.85	0.81	0.27	2.1
Magnesium (Mg)	g/kg	0.86	0.82	0.06	2.2

Table 2.

Calibration and validation statistics for the mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy models of mango leaf nutrients (n = 48).

Altitude (m)	Cultivars	Fresh weight (g)	Dry weight (g)	Leaf area (cm²)	Specific leaf area (cm² g⁻¹)
450	Jingdong	1.72 ± 0.07^a	0.75 ± 0.03^a	59.8 ± 1.9^a	86.52 ± 1.6^a
	Jinhuang	2.30 ± 0.2^a	0.97 ± 0.04^a	67.2 ± 2.2^a	72.28 ± 1.1^a
	Tainong No.1	1.77 ± 0.1^a	0.77 ± 0.03^a	58.0 ± 1.8^a	77.98 ± 1.5^a
	Guifei	2.35 ± 0.01^a	1.07 ± 0.04^a	72.8 ± 2.4^a	72.43 ± 1.1^a
1,050	Jingdong	1.35 ± 0.06^b	0.60 ± 0.02^b	48.3 ± 1.5^b	87.22 ± 1.6^a
	Jinhuang	2.00 ± 0.06^a	0.85 ± 0.03^a	59.8 ± 1.7^a	75.10 ± 3.6^a
	Tainong No.1	1.52 ± 0.05^b	0.68 ± 0.02^b	49.3 ± 1.4^b	74.77 ± 1.2^a
	Guifei	2.03 ± 0.08^a	0.87 ± 0.04^a	64.3 ± 2.2^a	77.33 ± 1.6^a

Table 3.

Mean ± SE of leaf fresh weight, dry weight, area, specific leaf area of mango cultivars at altitudes of 450 and 1,050 m a.s.l. Different letters indicate that the difference between means is statistically significant, whereas similar letters indicate the absence of statistically significant differences between means (p < 0.05).

Altitude (m)	Cultivar	N (%) p < 0.01	K (mg g⁻¹) p < 0.05	Ca (mg g⁻¹) p < 0.05	C : P ratio p < 0.05	C : N ratio p < 0.05
450	Jingdong	2.2 ± 0.029^b	6.4 ± 0.12^b	25.08 ± 0.7^a	312.2 ± 5.3^a	18.7 ± 0.17^a
	Jinhuang	2.2 ± 0.03^b	6.3 ± 0.1^b	25.7 ± 0.7^a	321.8 ± 5.1^a	19.135 ± 0.28^a
	Tainong No.1	2.2 ± 0.028^b	6.7 ± 0.12^b	24.5 ± 0.8^a	305.4 ± 7.8^b	18.6 ± 0.13^a
	Guifei	2.2 ± 0.037^b	6.1 ± 0.21^b	26.7 ± 0.9^a	305.4 ± 7.8^a	18.7 ± 0.2^a
1,050	Jingdong	2.4 ± 0.02^a	7.01 ± 0.14^a	22.7 ± 0.6^b	324 ± 5.5^a	17.6 ± 0.17^b
	Jinhuang	2.37 ± 0.027^a	7.02 ± 0.12^a	23.2 ± 0.4^a	322.6 ± 8.1^a	17.8 ± 0.18^b
	Tainong No.1	2.4 ± 0.02^a	7.01 ± 0.12^a	22.8 ± 0.6^b	326.45 ± 5^a	17.8 ± 0.12^b
	Guifei	2.39 ± 0.03^a	7.02 ± 0.1^a	23.4 ± 0.5^b	318.7 ± 6.4^a	17.7 ± 0.26^b

Table 4.

Mean ± SE of leaf nutrient content of four mango cultivars of mango cultivars at altitudes of 450 and 1,050 m a.s.l. Different letters indicates the difference between means is statistically significant.