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Figure 1. 

Regional burden of childhood diabetes (ages 0–14 years) in 1990 and 2023. (a) Number of incident cases and incidence rate (per 100,000 population); (b) Number of deaths and mortality rate; (c) Number of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and DALY rate (per 100,000 population).

Figure 2. 

National distribution of the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) in the incidence rate of childhood diabetes from 1990 to 2023. Map created using a base map from the Resource and Environment Science and Data Center (RESDC, www.resdc.cn) and data from the GBD Study 2023. (a) West Asia; (b) the Americas; (c) East Asia; (d) Europe. EAPC reflects the average annual change in incidence rate over time, with red indicating an increasing trend and blue indicating a declining trend.

Figure 3. 

Changes in risk factor–attributable burden of childhood diabetes deaths across selected regions from 1990 to 2023.

Figure 4. 

Regional quality of childhood diabetes care based on the Quality of Care Index (QCI) in Western Sub-Saharan Africa (a) and High-Income North America (b). Distribution of QCI; correlation matrix illustrating the relationships among YLR, DPR, MIR, and PIR; and principal component analysis identifying two major components representing disease burden (PC1) and management quality (PC2).

Figure 5. 

SHAP-based interpretation of childhood diabetes incidence and DALY Rates in Western Sub-Saharan Africa and High-Income North America. (a) Western Sub-Saharan Africa. (b) High-income North America.