Efficacy of three edible coatings on postharvest quality, and microbiology of manfalouty pomegranate arils

Ahmed H.A. Mansour; Gihan M. Ali; Ghada Abd-Elmonsef Mahmoud; Ahmed H.A. Mansour; Gihan M. Ali; Ghada Abd-Elmonsef Mahmoud

doi:10.48130/cas-0026-0018

Figures (2) Tables (4)

Figure 1.
Bacterial counts (CFU/g) on nutrient agar medium of pomegranate arils treated with Hibiscus extract (3% and 6%), licorice extract (3% and 6%), and gelatin (5% and 10%), compared with untreated samples during storage periods of 0, 7, 14, and 21 d.
Figure 2.
Fungal counts (CFU/g) on Czapek's dextrose agar medium of pomegranate arils treated with Hibiscus extract (3% and 6%), licorice extract (3% and 6%), and gelatin (5% and 10%) comparing with untreated samples during storage periods of 0, 7, 14, and 21 d.

Treatments	Storage period (d)
Treatments	0	7	14	21
Season 2024
Control (water)	0.00	1.74 ± 0.06^a	2.37 ± 0.06^a	3.89 ± 0.21^a
Hibiscus extract (3%)	0.00	1.52 ± 0.06^cd	2.01 ± 0.08^d	3.02 ± 0.24^bc
Hibiscus extract (6%)	0.00	1.44 ± 0.04^e	1.98 ± 0.10^d	2.93 ± 0.19^c
Licorice extract (3%)	0.00	1.58 ± 0.03^bc	2.07 ± 0.07^c	3.09 ± 0.18^b
Licorice extract (6%)	0.00	1.47 ± 0.03^de	2.11 ± 0.06^bc	2.95 ± 0.20^c
Gelatin (5%)	0.00	1.63 ± 0.03^b	2.12 ± 0.06^bc	3.90 ± 0.10^a
Gelatin (10%)	0.00	1.52 ± 0.03^cd	2.15 ± 0.05^b	3.96 ± 0.05^a
Season 2025
Control (water)	0.00	1.76 ± 0.04^a	2.51 ± 0.01^a	3.84 ± 0.10^a
Hibiscus extract (3%)	0.00	1.46 ± 0.03^cd	2.18 ± 0.10^bc	2.99 ± 0.24^bc
Hibiscus extract (6%)	0.00	1.35 ± 0.05^e	2.15 ± 0.10^c	2.96 ± 0.24^bc
Licorice extract (3%)	0.00	1.50 ± 0.05^c	2.20 ± 0.01^bc	3.15 ± 0.28^b
Licorice extract (6%)	0.00	1.42 ± 0.02^de	2.15 ± 0.10^c	3.05 ± 0.27^c
Gelatin (5%)	0.00	1.65 ± 0.05^b	2.25 ± 0.06^b	3.73 ± 0.25^a
Gelatin (10%)	0.00	1.61 ± 0.04^b	2.18 ± 0.07^bc	3.79 ± 0.11^a
Different superscript letters indicate statistically significant differences among treatment with Hibiscus extract, licorice extract, gelatin and their interaction. Each value represents an average value of three replicates ± SD at p ≤ 0.05.

Table 1.

Weight loss (%) of pomegranate arils after treatment with Hibiscus extract, licorice extract, and gelatin, with storage period over 21 d in two seasons, 2024 and 2025.

Treatments	TSS% - storage period (d)				TA% - storage period (d)
Treatments	0	7	14	21	0	7	14	21
Season 2024
Control (water)	15.30 ± 0.10^d	15.27 ± 0.15^b	15.17 ± 0.06^b	15.00 ± 0.10^c	1.24 ± 0.03^c	1.06 ± 0.02^c	1.02 ± 0.02^c	0.91 ± 0.08^d
Hibiscus extract (3%)	16.20 ± 0.10^a	16.17 ± 0.06^a	16.13 ± 0.06^a	16.03 ± 0.06^ab	1.29 ± 0.02^ab	1.28 ± 0.01^a	1.24 ± 0.03^a	1.19 ± 0.03^ab
Hibiscus extract (6%)	16.23 ± 0.06^a	16.20 ± 0.10^a	16.20 ± 0.10^a	16.17 ± 0.06^a	1.32 ± 0.04^a	1.27 ± 0.03^a	1.24 ± 0.03^a	1.21 ± 0.02^a
Licorice extract (3%)	16.10 ± 0.10^ab	16.07 ± 0.06^a	16.03 ± 0.06^a	15.90 ± 0.10^b	1.25 ± 0.02^bc	1.19 ± 0.02^b	1.15 ± 0.02^b	1.03 ± 0.06^c
Licorice extract (6%)	16.23 ± 0.06^a	16.20 ± 0.10^a	16.20 ± 0.10^a	16.10 ± 0.10^a	1.26 ± 0.02^bc	1.22 ± 0.01^b	1.19 ± 0.03^ab	1.09 ± 0.09^bc
Gelatin (5%)	15.63 ± 0.06^c	15.43 ± 0.21^b	15.30 ± 0.26^b	15.07 ± 0.12^c	1.24 ± 0.03^c	1.06 ± 0.04^c	0.91 ± 0.08^d	0.86 ± 0.05^d
Gelatin (10%)	16.00 ± 0.10^b	15.47 ± 0.25^b	15.27 ± 0.15^b	15.13 ± 0.15^c	1.24 ± 0.03^c	1.04 ± 0.03^c	0.93 ± 0.03^d	0.88 ± 0.02^d
Season 2025
Control (water)	15.33 ± 0.15^d	15.23 ± 0.15^b	15.10 ± 0.10^b	14.90 ± 0.10^b	1.21 ± 0.03^b	1.17 ± 0.06^ab	1.14 ± 0.04^abc	1.07 ± 0.03^b
Hibiscus extract (3%)	16.27 ± 0.06^ab	16.27 ± 0.06^a	16.20 ± 0.10^a	16.10 ± 0.10^a	1.27 ± 0.03^a	1.22 ± 0.05^a	1.18 ± 0.01^a	1.15 ± 0.02^a
Hibiscus extract (6%)	16.33 ± 0.15^a	16.33 ± 0.15^a	16.30 ± 0.10^a	16.23 ± 0.21^a	1.29 ± 0.03^a	1.21 ± 0.04^a	1.17 ± 0.02^ab	1.16 ± 0.01^a
Licorice extract (3%)	16.17 ± 0.06^ab	16.17 ± 0.06^a	16.10 ± 0.10^a	16.00 ± 0.10^a	1.21 ± 0.03^b	1.13 ± 0.03^b	1.10 ± 0.02^c	1.07 ± 0.02^b
Licorice extract (6%)	16.30 ± 0.10^a	16.30 ± 0.10^a	16.20 ± 0.10^a	16.10 ± 0.10^a	1.21 ± 0.03^b	1.13 ± 0.03^b	1.13 ± 0.04^bc	1.00 ± 0.01^c
Gelatin (5%)	15.67 ± 0.06^c	15.33 ± 0.15^b	15.10 ± 0.10^b	14.87 ± 0.15^b	1.21 ± 0.03^b	1.00 ± 0.02^c	0.98 ± 0.02^d	0.92 ± 0.03^d
Gelatin (10%)	16.07 ± 0.15^b	15.40 ± 0.10^b	15.30 ± 0.26^b	14.83 ± 0.15^b	1.21 ± 0.03^b	0.98 ± 0.02^c	0.94 ± 0.02^d	0.90 ± 0.02^d
Different superscript letters indicate statistically significant differences among treatment with Hibiscus extract, licorice extract, gelatin and their interaction. Each value represents an average value of three replicates ± SD at p ≤ 0.05.

Table 2.

Total soluble solids (TSS %) and titratable acidity percentage (TA%) of pomegranate arils after treatment with Hibiscus extract, licorice extract, and gelatin, with storage period of 21 d in two seasons, 2024 and 2025.

Treatments	Vitamin C - storage period (d)				Total anthocyanin - storage period (d)
Treatments	0	7	14	21	0	7	14	21
Season 2024
Control (water)	23.07 ± 0.49^b	22.16 ± 0.62^b	21.49 ± 0.79^b	19.92 ± 0.72^b	53.83 ± 0.40^c	52.23 ± 0.32^c	51.07 ± 0.12^d	49.07 ± 0.12^e
Hibiscus extract (3%)	24.27 ± 0.31^a	24.13 ± 0.45^a	23.47 ± 0.42^a	22.33 ± 0.15^a	54.97 ± 0.25^b	54.10 ± 0.44^b	52.97 ± 0.42^b	51.60 ± 0.10^b
Hibiscus extract (6%)	24.80 ± 0.56^a	24.37 ± 0.40^a	23.37 ± 0.47^a	22.87 ± 0.15^a	55.88 ± 0.13^a	55.23 ± 0.47^a	54.43 ± 0.35^a	53.30 ± 0.35^a
Licorice extract (3%)	23.07 ± 0.49^b	22.33 ± 0.58^b	21.57 ± 0.51^b	20.10 ± 0.17^b	53.83 ± 0.40^c	52.77 ± 0.40^c	51.43 ± 0.15^cd	50.03 ± 0.15^d
Licorice extract (6%)	23.07 ± 0.49^b	22.33 ± 0.58^b	21.70 ± 0.36^b	20.40 ± 0.53^b	53.83 ± 0.40^c	52.87 ± 0.35^c	51.73 ± 0.15^c	50.53 ± 0.47^c
Gelatin (5%)	23.07 ± 0.49^b	22.26 ± 0.47^b	21.53 ± 0.55^b	19.80 ± 0.20^b	53.83 ± 0.40^c	52.43 ± 0.38^c	51.07 ± 0.12^d	49.10 ± 0.10^e
Gelatin (10%)	23.07 ± 0.49^b	22.50 ± 0.69^b	21.47 ± 0.42^b	19.87 ± 0.12^b	53.83 ± 0.40^c	52.50 ± 0.46^c	51.33 ± 0.42^cd	49.33 ± 0.31^e
Season 2025
Control (water)	24.93 ± 0.60^b	23.63 ± 0.03^b	22.22 ± 0.48^b	20.53 ± 0.54^bc	54.29 ± 0.29^c	52.93 ± 0.81^c	51.30 ± 1.11^c	49.70 ± 0.61^e
Hibiscus extract (3%)	25.90 ± 0.36^a	25.17 ± 0.42^a	24.40 ± 0.10^a	22.87 ± 0.67^a	55.13 ± 0.21^b	54.30 ± 0.11^b	53.24 ± 0.53^b	51.80 ± 0.04^b
Hibiscus extract (6%)	26.07 ± 0.78^a	25.83 ± 0.42^a	24.67 ± 0.55^a	23.53 ± 0.49^a	56.07 ± 0.21^a	55.29 ± 0.20^a	54.59 ± 0.16^a	53.46 ± 0.55^a
Licorice extract (3%)	24.93 ± 0.60^b	23.25 ± 1.07^b	22.18 ± 0.73^b	20.66 ± 0.39^bc	54.29 ± 0.29^c	53.07 ± 0.59^c	51.73 ± 0.59^c	50.30 ± 0.36^cd
Licorice extract (6%)	24.93 ± 0.60^b	23.93 ± 0.70^b	23.03 ± 0.32^b	21.06 ± 0.56^b	54.29 ± 0.29^c	53.13 ± 0.47^c	51.80 ± 0.44^c	50.40 ± 0.10^c
Gelatin (5%)	24.93 ± 0.60^b	23.36 ± 0.77^b	22.11 ± 1.00^b	20.06 ± 0.31^c	54.29 ± 0.29^c	52.97 ± 0.76^c	51.30 ± 0.20^c	49.73 ± 0.55^de
Gelatin (10%)	24.93 ± 0.60^b	23.06 ± 0.79^b	21.96 ± 0.56^b	19.89 ± 0.19^c	54.29 ± 0.29^c	53.00 ± 0.70^c	51.40 ± 0.10^c	49.77 ± 0.49^de
Different superscript letters indicate statistically significant differences among treatment with Hibiscus extract, licorice extract, gelatin and their interaction. Each value represents an average value of three replicates ± SD at p ≤ 0.05.

Table 3.

Vitamin C content (mg ascorbic acid/100 mL juice) and total anthocyanin content (mg/100 g FW) of pomegranate arils after treatment with Hibiscus extract, licorice extract, and gelatin with a storage period 21 d in two seasons 2024 and 2025.

Treatments	Storage period (d)
	Odor		Taste		Texture		Color
	Pre-storage	End storage	Pre-storage	End storage	Pre-storage	End storage	Pre-storage	End storage
Season 2024
Control (water)	9.33 ± 0.58^ab	7.33 ± 0.58^ab	9.33 ± 0.29^a	6.83 ± 0.29^b	9.50 ± 0.50^a	7.17 ± 0.29^bc	9.50 ± 0.50^ab	7.50 ± 0.50^bc
Hibiscus extract (3%)	9.33 ± 0.58^ab	7.33 ± 0.29^ab	9.50 ± 0.50^a	7.50 ± 0.50^b	9.67 ± 0.29^a	7.67 ± 0.29^ab	9.67 ± 0.29^ab	8.17 ± 0.58^ab
Hibiscus extract (6%)	10.00 ± 0.00^a	7.83 ± 0.29^a	9.83 ± 0.29^a	8.50 ± 0.50^a	9.83 ± 0.29^a	8.00 ± 0.50^a	10.00 ± 0.00^a	8.50 ± 0.50^a
Licorice extract (3%)	8.83 ± 0.29^b	7.17 ± 0.29^b	9.17 ± 0.29^a	7.17 ± 0.29^b	9.50 ± 0.50^a	7.17 ± 0.29^bc	9.17 ± 0.29^bc	7.17 ± 0.29^c
Licorice extract (6%)	9.17 ± 0.29^b	7.50 ± 0.50^ab	9.33 ± 0.29^a	7.67 ± 0.29^ab	9.50 ± 0.50^a	6.83 ± 0.29^c	9.17 ± 0.29^bc	7.50 ± 0.50^bc
Gelatin (5%)	7.33 ± 0.58^c	3.83 ± 0.29^c	6.50 ± 0.50^b	3.83 ± 0.29^c	7.00 ± 0.50^b	3.50 ± 0.50^d	8.50 ± 0.50^cd	4.17 ± 0.76^d
Gelatin (10%)	6.50 ± 0.50^d	3.50 ± 0.50^c	6.00 ± 0.50^b	2.83 ± 0.76^d	6.83 ± 0.76^b	3.67 ± 0.29^d	8.17 ± 0.76^d	3.50 ± 0.50^d
Season 2025
Control (water)	9.33 ± 0.58^ab	7.17 ± 0.29^b	9.67 ± 0.29^ab	7.33 ± 0.58^bc	9.67 ± 0.29^a	7.00 ± 0.50^bc	9.50 ± 0.50^ab	7.33 ± 0.29^ab
Hibiscus extract (3%)	9.50 ± 0.50^ab	7.83 ± 0.29^ab	9.67 ± 0.29^ab	7.50 ± 0.50^bc	9.67 ± 0.29^a	7.50 ± 0.50^ab	9.67 ± 0.29^ab	7.67 ± 0.76^ab
Hibiscus extract (6%)	10.00 ± 0.00^a	8.00 ± 0.50^a	10.00 ± 0.00^a	8.50 ± 0.50^a	9.83 ± 0.29^a	8.00 ± 0.50^a	10.00 ± 0.00^a	8.17 ± 0.29^a
Licorice extract (3%)	9.33 ± 0.29^ab	7.17 ± 0.29^b	9.17 ± 0.29^b	7.00 ± 0.50^c	9.50 ± 0.50^a	7.00 ± 0.50^bc	9.17 ± 0.29^bc	7.00 ± 0.50^b
Licorice extract (6%)	9.17 ± 0.29^b	7.50 ± 0.50^ab	9.50 ± 0.50^ab	7.67 ± 0.29^b	9.50 ± 0.50^a	6.83 ± 0.29^c	9.17 ± 0.29^bc	7.17 ± 0.29^b
Gelatin (5%)	7.33 ± 0.58^c	4.00 ± 0.50^c	6.33 ± 0.58^c	3.83 ± 0.29^d	8.17 ± 0.29^b	3.50 ± 0.50^d	8.50 ± 0.50^cd	3.50 ± 0.50^c
Gelatin (10%)	7.00 ± 0.50^c	3.50 ± 0.50^c	5.50 ± 0.87^d	3.50 ± 0.50^d	7.00 ± 0.50^c	3.33 ± 0.29^d	8.17 ± 0.76^d	3.50 ± 0.50^c
Different superscript letters indicate statistically significant differences among treatment with Hibiscus extract, licorice extract, gelatin and their interaction. Each value represents an average value of three replicates ± SD at p ≤ 0.05.

Table 4.

Changes in the odor, taste, texture, and color of pomegranate arils after treatment with Hibiscus extract, licorice extract, and gelatin with storage period over 21 d in two seasons, 2024 and 2025.