Figures (8)  Tables (3)

    • Figure 1. 

      Location map of D. sinense from different populations. Map source is the National Geographic Information Public Service Platform (www.tianditu.gov.cn). Drawing Review Number: GS (2024) 0650. BWL: Bawangling, YGL: Yinggeling, JFL: Jinfengling, LX: Limu Mountains - Sanxinglinling, LZ: Limu Peak, WZS: Wuzhi Mountains, DLS: Diaoluo Mountains.

    • Figure 2. 

      D. sinense population at each stage of life history. (a) Seedling stage (YMQ). (b) Vegetative growth stage (YYSZQ). (c) Flowering stage (FZQ). (d) Senescence stage (SLQ).

    • Figure 3. 

      D. sinense pseudobulb growth differences from different regions. (a) Differences in the number of pseudobulbs of D. sinense. (b) Differences in the pseudobulb length of D. sinense. YMQ: seedling stage, YYSZQ: vegetative growth stage, FZQ: reproductive stage, SLQ: senescence stage, CD: length, SL: number. BWL: Bawangling, YGL: Yinggeling, JFL: Jinfengling, LX: Limu Mountains - Sanxinglinling, LZ: Limu Peak, WZS: Wuzhi Mountains, DLS: Diaoluo Mountains. The lowercase letters above the columns indicate significant differences in mean number and average length among different groups.

    • Figure 4. 

      (a) Principal component analysis diagram. (b) Cluster map of D. sinense in different regions.

    • Figure 5. 

      Content of active ingredients of D. sinense from different regions. (a) TFC: determination of total flavonoid content; TPC: determination of total phenol content. (b) The content of polysaccharides in different regions. BWL: Bawangling, YGL: Yinggeling, JFL: Jinfengling, LX: Limu Mountains - Sanxinglinling, LZ: Limu Peak, WZS: Wuzhi Mountains, DLS: Diaoluo Mountains. The lowercase letters above the columns indicate significant differences in TPC, TFC and polysaccharides content among different groups.

    • Figure 6. 

      (a) Antioxidant activity (in terms of Vc equivalent) of different populations of D. sinense. (b) Inhibitory ability of acetylcholinesterase activity. BWL: Bawangling, YGL: Yinggeling, JFL: Jinfengling, LX: Limu Mountains - Sanxinglinling, LZ: Limu Peak, WZS: Wuzhi Mountains, DLS: Diaoluo Mountains. The lowercase letters above the columns indicate significant differences in antioxidant capacity and acetylcholinesterase content among different groups.

    • Figure 7. 

      Hierarchical clustering analysis of D. sinense germplasm based on active ingredients and their antioxidant capacity. BWL: Bawangling, YGL: Yinggeling, JFL: Jinfengling, LX: Limu Mountains - Sanxinglinling, LZ: Limu Peak, WZS: Wuzhi Mountains, DLS: Diaoluo Mountains.

    • Figure 8. 

      (a) Redundancy analysis of D. sinense. (b) Correlation heat map. * Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level. ** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level. Red indicates a positive correlation, blue indicates a negative correlation. The larger the circle, the stronger the correlation; the smaller the circle, the weaker the correlation.

    • Region SIDI SHDI
      BWL 0.96 3.46
      JFL 0.93 2.97
      YGL 0.95 3.18
      LX 0.97 3.63
      LZ 0.97 3.13
      WZS 0.95 3.37
      DLS 0.96 3.66
      Note: SHDI: Shannon diversity index. SIDI: Simpson diversity index. BWL: Bawangling, YGL: Yinggeling, JFL: Jinfengling, LX: Limu Mountains - Sanxinglinling, LZ: Limu Peak, WZS: Wuzhi Mountains, DLS: Diaoluo Mountains.

      Table 1. 

      D. sinense diversity Index in different regions.

    • Region 1 2 3 4 5 6 Synthesis score Sort
      YGL 0.22 1.17 1.41 −0.21 0.30 0.29 0.55 1
      LZ 2.35 −0.05 0.77 0.30 0.39 0.36 1.03 2
      LX 2.87 −0.61 −0.90 0.88 −0.19 0.12 0.86 3
      DLS 2.46 −1.46 −0.47 −0.87 −0.54 0.00 0.34 4
      WZS 0.59 −0.41 0.13 0.92 0.73 0.21 0.33 5
      BWL −1.50 −0.05 −0.15 −0.13 −0.47 −0.20 −0.64 6
      JFL −3.91 1.78 −0.12 −0.40 0.71 −0.31 −1.02 7
      Note: BWL: Bawangling, YGL: Yinggeling, JFL: Jinfengling, LX: Limu Mountains - Sanxinglinling, LZ: Limu Peak, WZS: Wuzhi Mountains, DLS: Diaoluo Mountains.

      Table 2. 

      Scoring and ranking of principal component factors of germplasm resource quality.

    • Region Polysaccharide TFC TPC VCEAC (DPPH) VCEAC (ABTS) ACHE Score Sort
      LZ 0.08 0.98 0.36 0.97 1.00 1.00 0.73 1
      DLS 0.14 0.67 0.52 1.00 0.86 0.82 0.67 2
      LX 0.00 1.00 0.48 0.93 0.90 0.65 0.66 3
      JFL 0.29 0.75 0.10 0.48 0.14 0.00 0.30 6
      BWL 0.94 0.99 0.00 0.41 0.00 0.09 0.41 5
      WZS 1.00 0.00 1.00 0.45 0.19 0.20 0.47 4
      YGL 0.17 0.02 0.22 0.00 0.05 0.03 0.08 7
      Note: BWL: Bawangling, YGL: Yinggeling, JFL: Jinfengling, LX: Limu Mountains - Sanxinglinling, LZ: Limu Peak, WZS: Wuzhi Mountains, DLS: Diaoluo Mountains. TFC: determination of total flavonoid content, TPC: determination of total phenol content, ACHE: acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. VCEAC: the vitamin C equivalent antioxidant capacity.

      Table 3. 

      Analysis of membership functions of D. sinense from different regions.