| [1] |
Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018 Nov;68(6):394–424. doi: 10.3322/caac.21492 |
| [2] |
Poon MA, O’Connell MJ, Wieand HS, Krook JE, Gerstner JB, Tchetter LK, et al. Biochemical modulation of fluorouracil with leucovorin: confirmatory evidence of improved therapeutic efficacy in advanced colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1991 Nov;9(11):1967–72. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1991.9.11.1967 |
| [3] |
Machover D, Goldschmidt E, Chollet P, Metzger G, Zittoun J, Benavides M, et al. Treatment of advanced colorectal and gastric adenocarcinomas with 5-fluorouracil and high-dose folinic acid. NCI Monogr. 1987 Jan;5:193–8. |
| [4] |
Köhne CH, Wils J, Lorenz M, Schöffski P, Voigtmann R, Bokemeyer C, et al. Randomized phase Ⅲ study of high-dose fluorouracil given as a weekly 24-hour infusion with or without leucovorin versus bolus fluorouracil plus leucovorin in advanced colorectal cancer: European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer Gastrointestinal Group Study 40952. J Clin Oncol. 2003 Oct;21(20):3721–8. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2003.11.122 |
| [5] |
Douillard JY, Cunningham D, Roth AD, Navarro M, James RD, Karasek P, et al. Irinotecan combined with fluorouracil compared with fluorouracil alone as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: a multicentre randomised trial. Lancet. 2000 Mar;355(9209):1041–7. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02034-1 |
| [6] |
de Gramont A, Figer A, Seymour M, Homerin M, Hmissi A, Cassidy J, et al. Leucovorin and fluorouracil with or without oxaliplatin as first-line treatment in advanced colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2000 Aug;18(16):2938–47. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2000.18.16.2938 |
| [7] |
Cheeseman SL, Joel SP, Chester JD, Wilson G, Dent JT, Richards FJ, et al. A “modified de Gramont” regimen of fluorouracil, alone and with oxaliplatin, for advanced colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer. 2002 Aug;87(4):393–9. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600467 |
| [8] |
Nishina T, Moriwaki T, Shimada M, Higashijima J, Sakai Y, Masuishi T, et al. Uracil-tegafur and oral leucovorin combined with bevacizumab in elderly patients (aged ≥75 years) with metastatic colorectal cancer: a multicenter, phase Ⅱ trial (Joint Study of Bevacizumab, Oral Leucovorin, and Uracil-Tegafur in Elderly Patients [J-BLUE] study). Clin Colorectal Cancer. 2016 Sep;15(3):236–42. doi: 10.1016/j.clcc.2015.12.001 |
| [9] |
Yoshida M, Goto M, Kii T, Nishitani H, Kawabe S, Kuwakado S, et al. Retrospective study as first-line chemotherapy combined anti-VEGF antibody with fluoropyrimidine for frail patients with unresectable or metastatic colorectal cancer. Digestion. 2013;87(1):59–64. doi: 10.1159/000343943 |
| [10] |
Heinemann V, von Weikersthal LF, Decker T, Kiani A, Vehling-Kaiser U, Al-Batran S, et al. FOLFIRI plus cetuximab versus FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab as first-line treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (FIRE-3): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2014 Sep;15(10):1065–75. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70330-4 |
| [11] |
Cassidy J, Clarke S, Díaz-Rubio E, Scheithauer W, Figer A, Wong R, et al. Randomized phase Ⅲ study of capecitabine plus oxaliplatin compared with fluorouracil/folinic acid plus oxaliplatin as first-line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Apr;26(12):2006–12. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2007.14.9898 |
| [12] |
Giantonio BJ, Catalano PJ, Meropol NJ, O’Dwyer PJ, Mitchell EP, Alberts SR, et al. Bevacizumab in combination with oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin (FOLFOX4) for previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer: results from the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study E3200. J Clin Oncol. 2007 Apr;25(12):1539–44. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2006.09.6305 |
| [13] |
Hurwitz H, Fehrenbacher L, Novotny W, Cartwright T, Hainsworth J, Heim W, et al. Bevacizumab plus irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2004 Jun;350(23):2335–42. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa032691 |
| [14] |
Kabbinavar FF, Hambleton J, Mass RD, Hurwitz HI, Bergsland E, Sarkar S. Combined analysis of efficacy: the addition of bevacizumab to fluorouracil/leucovorin improves survival for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Jun;23(16):3706–12. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2005.00.232 |
| [15] |
Goldberg RM, Sargent DJ, Morton RF, Fuchs CS, Ramanathan RK, Williamson SK, et al. A randomized controlled trial of fluorouracil plus leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin combinations in patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2004 Jan;22(1):23–30. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2004.09.046 |
| [16] |
Grothey A, Hedrick EE, Mass RD, Sarkar S, Suzuki S, Ramanathan RK, et al. Response-independent survival benefit in metastatic colorectal cancer: a comparative analysis of N9741 and AVF2107. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Jan;26(2):183–9. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2007.13.8099 |
| [17] |
Ducreux M, Malka D, Mendiboure J, Etienne P, Texereau P, Auby D, et al. Sequential versus combination chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer (FFCD 2000-05): an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2011 Oct;12(11):1032–44. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70199-1 |
| [18] |
Koopman M, Antonini NF, Douma J, Wals J, Honkoop AH, Erdkamp FL, et al. Sequential versus combination chemotherapy with capecitabine, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin in advanced colorectal cancer (CAIRO): a phase Ⅲ randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2007 Jul;370(9582):135–42. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61086-1 |
| [19] |
Yoshida M, Muro K, Tsuji A, Hamamoto Y, Yoshino T, Yoshida K, et al. Combination chemotherapy with bevacizumab and S-1 for elderly patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (BASIC trial). Eur J Cancer. 2015 May;51(8):935–41. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.03.007 |
| [20] |
Cunningham D, Lang I, Marcuello E, Lorusso V, Ocvirk J, Shin DB, et al. Bevacizumab plus capecitabine versus capecitabine alone in elderly patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer (AVEX): an openlabel, randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2013 Oct;14(11):1077–85. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70154-2 |
| [21] |
Kabbinavar F, Hurwitz HI, Fehrenbacher L, Meropol NJ, Novotny WF, Lieberman G, et al. Phase Ⅱ, randomized trial comparing bevacizumab plus fluorouracil (FU)/leucovorin (LV) with FU/LV alone in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2003 Jan;21(1):60–5. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2003.10.066 |
| [22] |
Seymour MT, Maughan TS, Ledermann JA, Topham C, James R, Gwyther SJ, et al. Different strategies of sequential and combination chemotherapy for patients with poor prognosis advanced colorectal cancer (MRC FOCUS): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2007 Jul;370(9582):143–52. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61087-3 |
| [23] |
Modest DP, von Weikersthal LF, Decker T, Vehling-Kaiser U, Uhlig J, Schenk M, et al. Sequential versus combination therapy of metastatic colorectal cancer using fluoropyrimidines, irinotecan, and bevacizumab: a randomized, controlled study-XELAVIRI (AIO KRK0110). J Clin Oncol. 2019 Jan;37(1):22–32. doi: 10.1200/JCO.18.00052 |
| [24] |
Nagasaka T, Inada R, Ojima H, Noura S, Tanioka H, Munemoto Y, et al. Randomized phase Ⅲ study of sequential treatment with capecitabine or 5-fluorouracil (FP) plus bevacizumab (BEV) followed by the addition with oxaliplatin (OX) versus initial combination with OX+FP+ BEV in the first-line chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer: the C-cubed study. ESMO 2019 congress. 2019. |