[1]

Gadal N, Shrestha J, Poudel MN, Pokharel B. 2019. A review on production status and growing environments of rice in Nepal and in the world. Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 4:83−87

doi: 10.26832/24566632.2019.0401013
[2]

Bal SK, Sattar A, Nidhi, Chandran MAS, Subba Rao AVM, et al. 2023. Critical weather limits for paddy rice under diverse ecosystems of India. Frontiers in Plant Science 14:1226064

doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1226064
[3]

Yuan M, Cai C, Wang X, Li G, Wu G, et al. 2021. Warm air temperatures increase photosynthetic acclimation to elevated CO2 concentrations in rice under field conditions. Field Crops Research 262:108036

doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2020.108036
[4]

Bandumula N. 2018. Rice production in Asia: key to global food security. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences 88(4):1323−28

doi: 10.1007/s40011-017-0867-7
[5]

Roy S, Patra BC, Kumar J, Sar P, Jogi US, et al. 2024. Ethnolinguistic associations and genetic diversity of rice landraces in Nagaland, India. Plants, People, Planet 6(2):452−69

doi: 10.1002/ppp3.10454
[6]

Ma M, Lei E, Wang T, Meng H, Zhang W, et al. 2023. Genetic diversity and association mapping of grain-size traits in rice landraces from the Honghe Hani rice terraces system in Yunnan Province. Plants 12(8):1678

doi: 10.3390/plants12081678
[7]

Lamichhane N, Dhami U, Dhakal D, Thapa LB. 2024. Rice cultivation area, demographic trends, and trade dynamics for food security in Nepal (2011–2021). Plant-Environment Interactions 5:e70020

doi: 10.1002/pei3.70020
[8]

Giri CP. 2012. Remote sensing of land use and land cover: principles and applications. Boca Raton: CRC press. doi: 10.1201/b11964

[9]

Kharel LP, Ghimire SK, Shrestha J, Kunwar CB, Sharma S. 2018. Evaluation of rice genotypes for its response to added fertility levels and induced drought tolerance during reproductive phase. Journal of AgriSearch 5(1):13−18

doi: 10.21921/jas.v5i01.11126
[10]

Rijal DK, Kadayat KB, Joshi KD, Sthapit BR. 1998. Inventory of Indigenous Rainfed and Aromatic Rice Landraces in Seti River Valley Pokhara, Nepal. LI-BIRD Technical Paper No. 2. Local Initiatives for Biodiversity, Research and Development (LI-BIRD), Pokhara, Nepal. https://libird.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Inventory-of-Indigenous-Rainfed-and-Aromatic-Rice-Landraces-in-Seti-River-Valley-Pokhara-Nepal.pdf

[11]

Upreti, Hari Kumar. 2016. Distribution Pattern of Rice Landraces in Different Agro-Ecological Zones of Nepal. In Rice Science and Technology in Nepal, eds. Bhandari DR, Khanal MP, Joshi BK, Acharya P, Ghimire KH. Nepal Agricultural Research Council. Kathmandu: Global Print Connection Pvt. Ltd. pp. 152−57.

[12]

Joshi BK, Bhatta MR, Ghimire KH, Khanal M, Gurung SB, et al. 2017. Released and promising crop varieties for mountain agriculture in Nepal (1959−2016). LI-BIRD, Pokhara; NARC, Kathmandu and Bioversity International, Pokhara, Nepal. Corpus ID: 133716651

[13]

Kandel BP, Shrestha J. 2018. Characterization of rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm in Nepal: a mini review. Farming & Management 3:153−59

doi: 10.31830/2456-8724.2018.0002.22
[14]

Roy PS, Patnaik A, Rao GJN, Patnaik SSC, Chaudhury SS, et al. 2017. Participatory and molecular marker assisted pure line selection for refinement of three premium rice landraces of Koraput, India. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems 41(2):167−85

doi: 10.1080/21683565.2016.1258607
[15]

Baniya S, Thapa LB, Pokhrel CP. 2020. Effect of water-deficit stress on the selected landraces and improved varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Nepal. AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science 42(2):381−92

doi: 10.17503/agrivita.v42i2.2554
[16]

Gairhe S, Gauchan D, Timsina KP. 2021. Temporal dynamics of rice production and import in Nepal. Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council 7:97−108

doi: 10.3126/jnarc.v7i1.36932
[17]

Gauchan D. 1999. Economic valuation of rice landraces diversity: a case study of Bara ecosite, Terai, Nepal. In A scientific basis of in situ conservation of agrobiodiversity on-farm: Nepal's contribution to the global project, eds. Sthapit S, Upadhyay M, Subedi, A. NP working paper (1/99). pp. 129−48. https://opac.narc.gov.np/opac_css/index.php?lvl=publisher_see&id=3917

[18]

Sthapit B, Rana R, Eyzaguirre P, Jarvis D. 2008. The value of plant genetic diversity to resource-poor farmers in Nepal and Vietnam. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 6:148−66

doi: 10.3763/ijas.2007.0291
[19]

Panda KK, Bisht SS, Mishra R, Sahu PK, Panda AK, et al. 2024. Nutritional analysis of rice landraces from southern Odisha, India. Food Science & Nutrition 12:227−38

doi: 10.1002/fsn3.3756
[20]

He L, Song Y, Liu X, Kang Q, Long C. 2021. Discovering genetic diversity of Changmaogu, a rice Landrace, for conservation and rural development. Italian Journal of Agronomy 16(3):1870

doi: 10.4081/ija.2021.1870
[21]

Joshi GR, Bauer S. 2007. Cultivation and the loss of rice landraces in the Terai region of Nepal. Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization 5:1−6

doi: 10.1017/s1479262107203788
[22]

Wang F, Sun T, Yu S, Liu C, Cheng Z, et al. 2024. Ethnobotanical studies on rice landraces under on-farm conservation in Xishuangbanna of Yunnan Province, China. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 20:45

doi: 10.1186/s13002-024-00683-y
[23]

Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). 1992. Convention on Biological Diversity. United Nations. www.cbd.int

[24]

Dhakal A, Pokhrel A, Sharma S, Poudel A. 2020. Multivariate analysis of phenotypic diversity of rice (Oryza sativa L. ) landraces from lamjung and tanahun districts, Nepal. International Journal of Agronomy 2020:8867961

doi: 10.1155/2020/8867961
[25]

Zepner L, Karrasch P, Wiemann F, Bernard L. 2021. ClimateCharts.net–an interactive climate analysis web platform. International Journal of Digital Earth 14:338−56

doi: 10.1080/17538947.2020.1829112
[26]

R Core Team. 2024. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Available from: www.R-project.org

[27]

Begossi A. 1996. Use of ecological methods in ethnobotany: diversity indices. Economic botany 50(3):280−89

[28]

Adhakari BB. 2016. Rice nursery raising methods in Nepal. In Rice Science and Technology in Nepal, eds. Bhandari DR, Khanal MP, Joshi BK, Acharya P, Ghimire KH. Nepal agricultural research council. Kathmandu: Global Print Connection Pvt. Ltd. pp. 242−50.

[29]

Bhandari DR, Khanal MP, Joshi BK, Acharya P, Ghimire KH. 2017. Rice Science and Technology in Nepal. Government of Nepal. Crop Development Directorate (CDD) and Agronomy Society of Nepal, Kathmandu. https://molmac.lumbini.gov.np/media/list/a2-99263.pdf

[30]

Song Y, Dong Y, Wang J, Feng J, Long C. 2020. Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) landraces cultivated by Yi people in Liangshan, China. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 67:745−61

doi: 10.1007/s10722-019-00852-z
[31]

Mallick RN. 1982. Rice in Nepal: a vivid account of ecology, cultivation, research, production, protection, quality, and marketing of rice in Nepal. Kathmandu: Kala Prakashan. 292 pp.

[32]

Gupta SR, Upadhyay MP, Katsumoto T. 1996. Status of plant genetic resources in Nepal. Proc. 19th Summer Crops Workshop, National Research Programme, Parwanipur, Bara, Nepal, February 1996. pp. 27−29

[33]

Joshi BK. 2005. Rice gene pool for tarai and inner tarai areas of Nepal. Nepal Agriculture Research Journal 6:24−27

doi: 10.3126/narj.v6i0.3339
[34]

Bajracharya J, Rana RB, Gauchan D, Sthapit BR, Jarvis DI, et al. 2010. Rice Landrace diversity in Nepal. Socio-economic and ecological factors determining rice Landrace diversity in three agro-ecozones of Nepal based on farm surveys. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 57:1013−22

doi: 10.1007/s10722-010-9544-x
[35]

Sapkota N, Yadav PK, Sapkota S. 2021. An economic analysis of rice production in rautahat district of Nepal. Food and Agri Economics Review 1:1−9

doi: 10.26480/faer.01.2021.01.09
[36]

Choudhary D, Banskota K, Khanal NP, McDonald AJ, Krupnik TJ, et al. 2022. Rice subsector development and farmer efficiency in Nepal: implications for further transformation and food security. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 5:740546

doi: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.740546
[37]

Tripathi BP, Bhandari HN, Ladda JK. 2019. Rice Strategy of Nepal. Acta Scientific Agriculture 2:171−80

[38]

Koirala S, Baral S, Garber PA, Basnet H, Katuwal HB, et al. 2022. Identifying the environmental and anthropogenic causes, distribution, and intensity of human Rhesus macaque conflict in Nepal. Journal of Environmental Management 316:115276

doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115276
[39]

Panta HK. 2015. Impact of commercialization in rice seed production on crop productivity and household income. Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science 33:11−18

doi: 10.3126/jiaas.v33i0.20677
[40]

Bhandari DR, Khanal MP, Joshi BK, Acharya P, Ghimire KH. 2016. Rice nursery raising methods in Nepal. In Rice Science and Technology in Nepal (A historical, socio-cultural and technical compendium). Crop Development Direcotrate (CDD), Hariharbhawan and Agronomy Society of Nepal, Khumaltar, Nepal. pp. 242–50