doi:10.48130/targetome-0026-0005

[1]

Cao LJ, Xie HT, Chu ZX, Ma Y, Wang MM, et al. 2024. Protective effect of Shenfu injection against sepsis-induced acute lung injury by suppressing inflammation and apoptosis through the regulation of the Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway. World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 10:528−534

doi: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_76_24

[2]

Zhang J, Yang XT, Zhang M, Zhu QM, Yao DH, et al. 2025. Discovery of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors based on the skeleton of piperine: synthesis, properties, molecular dynamics simulation, and their potentials in acute lung injury. Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine 5:193−204

doi: 10.1097/hm9.0000000000000148

[3]

Long ME, Mallampalli RK, Horowitz JC. 2022. Pathogenesis of pneumonia and acute lung injury. Clinical Science 136:747−769

doi: 10.1042/cs20210879

[4]

García-Rodríguez A, Gutiérrez J, Villacorta A, Arribas Arranz J, Romero-Andrada I, et al. 2024. Polylactic acid nanoplastics (PLA-NPLs) induce adverse effects on an in vitro model of the human lung epithelium: the Calu-3 air-liquid interface (ALI) barrier. Journal of Hazardous Materials 475:134900

doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134900

[5]

Cai Y, Shang L, Zhou F, Zhang M, Li J, et al. 2025. Macrophage pyroptosis and its crucial role in ALI/ARDS. Frontiers in Immunology 16:1530849

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1530849

[6]

Park S, Kim M, Park M, Jin Y, Lee SJ, et al. 2023. Specific upregulation of extracellular miR-6238 in particulate matter-induced acute lung injury and its immunomodulation. Journal of Hazardous Materials 445:130466

doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130466

[7]

Lin Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Lu Y, Chen J, et al. 2025. MiR-29a/b suppresses CD8⁺ T cell effector function and intestinal inflammation. Exploration 5:20240363

doi: 10.1002/exp.20240363

[8]

Zhang Y, Wang X, Liu Z, Yu L. 2018. Dexmedetomidine attenuates lipopolysaccharide induced acute lung injury by targeting NLRP3 via miR-381. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology 32:e22211

doi: 10.1002/jbt.22211

[9]

Liu L, Liu Y, Zhang S, Zhang J, Meng Y, et al. 2024. Celastrol promotes apoptosis of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells by targeting HSDL2. Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine 4:92−101

doi: 10.1097/hm9.0000000000000102

[10]

Zhong M, Wang HQ, Yan HY, Wu S, Gu ZY, et al. 2019. Santin inhibits influenza A virus replication through regulating MAPKs and NF-κB pathways. Journal of Asian Natural Products Research 21:1205−1214

doi: 10.1080/10286020.2018.1520221

[11]

Huang QF, Zeng JM, Hu YL, Li WY, Yu QH, et al. 2025. Lifei Qingchang Tang attenuates acute lung injury via the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Journal of Asian Natural Products Research 27:1690−1705

doi: 10.1080/10286020.2025.2473648

[12]

Zhang J, Yan J, Dong H, Zhang R, Chang J, et al. 2025. Dimeric sesquiterpenoids with anti-inflammatory activities from Inula britannica. Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 23:961−971

doi: 10.1016/s1875-5364(25)60931-9

[13]

Tang X, Sun L, Wang G, Chen B, Luo F. 2018. RUNX1: a regulator of NF-κB signaling in pulmonary diseases. Current Protein & Peptide Science 19:172−178

doi: 10.2174/1389203718666171009111835

[14]

Sun CP, Zhou JJ, Yu ZL, Huo XK, Zhang J, et al. 2022. Kurarinone alleviated Parkinson's disease via stabilization of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids in animal model. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 119:1−9

doi: 10.1073/pnas.2118818119

[15]

de Castro LR, de Oliveira LD, Milan TM, Eskenazi APE, Bighetti-Trevisan RL, et al. 2024. Up-regulation of TNF-alpha/NFkB/SIRT1 axis drives aggressiveness and cancer stem cells accumulation in chemoresistant oral squamous cell carcinoma. Journal of Cellular Physiology 239:e31164

doi: 10.1002/jcp.31164

[16]

Jiang L, Zhang L, Kang K, Fei D, Gong R, et al. 2016. Resveratrol ameliorates LPS-induced acute lung injury via NLRP3 inflammasome modulation. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 84:130−138

doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.020

[17]

Bauernfeind FG, Horvath G, Stutz A, Alnemri ES, MacDonald K, et al. 2009. Cutting edge: NF-κB activating pattern recognition and cytokine receptors license NLRP3 inflammasome activation by regulating NLRP3 expression. The Journal of Immunology 183:787−791

doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901363

[18]

García-Fernández A, Sancho M, Garrido E, Bisbal V, Sancenón F, et al. 2023. Targeted delivery of the pan-inflammasome inhibitor MM01 as an alternative approach to acute lung injury therapy. Advanced Healthcare Materials 12:e2301577

doi: 10.1002/adhm.202301577

[19]

Xu Z, Li J, Zhou K, Wang K, Hu H, et al. 2024. Exocarpium Citri Grandis ameliorates LPS-induced acute lung injury by suppressing inflammation, NLRP3 inflammasome, and ferroptosis. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 329:118162

doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118162

[20]

Zhao Z, Li H, Wang X, Wan Q, Wang J, et al. 2025. Therapeutic materials for ferroptosis inhibition: from design to applications. Advanced Healthcare Materials Early view:e03407

doi: 10.1002/adhm.202503407

[21]

Johnson ER, Matthay MA. 2010. Acute lung injury: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment. Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery 23:243−252

doi: 10.1089/jamp.2009.0775

[22]

Fang X, Cai Z, Wang H, Han D, Cheng Q, et al. 2020. Loss of cardiac ferritin H facilitates cardiomyopathy via Slc7a11-mediated ferroptosis. Circulation Research 127:486−501

doi: 10.1161/circresaha.120.316509

[23]

Chen X, Kang R, Kroemer G, Tang D. 2021. Ferroptosis in infection, inflammation, and immunity. The Journal of Experimental Medicine 218:e20210518

doi: 10.1084/jem.20210518

[24]

Gammella E, Recalcati S, Rybinska I, Buratti P, Cairo G. 2015. Iron-induced damage in cardiomyopathy: oxidative-dependent and independent mechanisms. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2015:230182

doi: 10.1155/2015/230182

[25]

Zhang M, Zheng R, Liu WJ, Hou JL, Yang YL, et al. 2023. Xuebijing injection, a Chinese patent medicine, against severe pneumonia: current research progress and future perspectives. Journal of Integrative Medicine 21:413−422

doi: 10.1016/j.joim.2023.08.004

[26]

Song Y, Yao C, Yao Y, Han H, Zhao X, et al. 2019. XueBiJing injection versus placebo for critically Ill patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia: a randomized controlled trial. Critical Care Medicine 47:e735−e743

doi: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000003842

[27]

Xing Y, Hua YR, Shang J, Ge WH, Liao J. 2020. Traditional Chinese medicine network pharmacology study on exploring the mechanism of Xuebijing Injection in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019. Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 18:941−951

doi: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)60038-3

[28]

He F, Wang J, Liu Y, Wang X, Cai N, et al. 2018. Xuebijing injection induces anti-inflammatory-like effects and downregulates the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB in lung injury caused by dichlorvos poisoning. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 106:1404−1411

doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.111

[29]

Xie S, Yan P, Yao C, Yan X, Huo Y, et al. 2019. Efficacy and safety of Xuebijing injection and its influence on immunomodulation in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 20:136

doi: 10.1186/s13063-019-3204-z

[30]

Wang L, Liu Z, Dong Z, Pan J, Ma X. 2016. Effects of Xuebijing injection on microcirculation in septic shock. Journal of Surgical Research 202:147−154

doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.12.041

[31]

Zou F, Zou J, Du Q, Liu L, Li D, et al. 2025. XueBiJing injection improves the symptoms of sepsis-induced acute lung injury by mitigating oxidative stress and ferroptosis. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 337:118732

doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118732

[32]

Zhang J, Zhang M, Huo XK, Ning J, Yu ZL, et al. 2023. Macrophage inactivation by small molecule wedelolactone via targeting sEH for the treatment of LPS-induced acute lung injury. ACS Central Science 9:440−456

doi: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01424

[33]

Fan E, Brodie D, Slutsky AS. 2018. Acute respiratory distress syndrome: advances in diagnosis and treatment. JAMA 319:698−710

doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.21907

[34]

Hewitt RJ, Lloyd CM. 2021. Regulation of immune responses by the airway epithelial cell landscape. Nature Reviews Immunology 21:347−362

doi: 10.1038/s41577-020-00477-9

[35]

Chumbley LB, Boudreaux CE, Coats KS. 2013. Aberrant placental immune parameters in the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-infected cat suggest virus-induced changes in T cell function. Virology Journal 10:238

doi: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-238

[36]

Feng YL, Xu XR, Zhu QM, Chang J, Zhang HL, et al. 2024. Aucklandiae radix targeted PKM2 to alleviate ulcerative colitis: insights from the photocrosslinking target fishing technique. Phytomedicine 134:155973

doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155973

[37]

Cheng Y, Zhu L, Xie S, Lu B, Du X, et al. 2024. Relationship between ferroptosis and mitophagy in acute lung injury: a mini-review. PeerJ 12:e18062

doi: 10.7717/peerj.18062

[38]

Liu P, Feng Y, Li H, Chen X, Wang G, et al. 2020. Ferrostatin-1 alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury via inhibiting ferroptosis. Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters 25:10

doi: 10.1186/s11658-020-00205-0

[39]

Zhang J, Luan ZL, Huo XK, Zhang M, Morisseau C, et al. 2023. Direct targeting of sEH with alisol B alleviated the apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. International Journal of Biological Sciences 19:294−310

doi: 10.7150/ijbs.78097

[40]

Li JJ, Yao Q, Dong M, Wang Y, Xiu Y, et al. 2025. Digitoflavone ameliorates acute lung injury via disturbing the formation of functional stimulator of interferon genes signalosome. World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 11:182−194

doi: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_100_24

[41]

Li Y, Huang L, Li J, Li S, Lv J, et al. 2024. Targeting TLR4 and regulating the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway with andrographolide to suppress inflammation and ferroptosis in LPS-induced acute lung injury. Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 22:914−928

doi: 10.1016/s1875-5364(24)60727-2

[42]

Su D, Jiao Z, Li S, Yue L, Li C, et al. 2023. Spatiotemporal single-cell transcriptomic profiling reveals inflammatory cell states in a mouse model of diffuse alveolar damage. Exploration 3:20220171

doi: 10.1002/exp.20220171

[43]

Hu Y, Xu Y, Gao J, Ling B, Pan S, et al. 2025. Integrated metabolomics and network pharmacology reveal the mechanisms of Xuebijing in counteracting sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 347:119729

doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2025.119729

[44]

Cao JP, Piao XH, Zhu LX, Feng PF. 2024. Xuebijing and somatostatin against acute pancreatitis: a systematic review and network pharmacology. Medicine 103:e40964

doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000040964

[45]

Ling B, Ji J, Huang Q, Xu Y, Hu Y, et al. 2025. Xuebijing injection alleviates sepsis-induced acute lung injury by inhibition of cell apoptosis and inflammation through the hippo pathway. Journal of Inflammation Research 18:7717−7733

doi: 10.2147/jir.S523991

[46]

Liu YL, Liu YJ, Liu Y, Li XS, Liu SH, et al. 2014. Hydroxysafflor yellow A ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice via modulating toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathways. International Immunopharmacology 23:649−657

doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.10.018

[47]

Deng S, Li J, Li L, Lin S, Yang Y, et al. 2023. Quercetin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting ferroptosis via the Sirt1/Nrf2/Gpx4 pathway. Journal of Molecular Medicine 52:118

doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5321

[48]

Chen R, Duffy Á, Petrazzini BO, Vy HM, Stein D, et al. 2024. Expanding drug targets for 112 chronic diseases using a machine learning-assisted genetic priority score. Nature Communications 15:8891

doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-53333-y

[49]

Zhang J, Zhang M, Zhu QM, Xu XR, Feng YL, et al. 2024. Allosteric regulation of Keap1 by 8β-hydroxy-α-cyclocostunolide for the treatment of acute lung injury. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 14:4174−4178

doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.06.025

[50]

Wang H, Gao H, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Chen X, et al. 2025. COMET: a machine-learning framework integrating ligand-based and target-based algorithms for elucidating drug targets. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 68:26466−26477

doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5c02652

[51]

Liu P, Huang F, Zheng X, Hao H. 2025. Targetome-guided combination drug discovery as next-generation therapeutics. Targetome 1:e002

doi: 10.48130/targetome-0025-0002

[52]

Hao H, Kirchhoff F. 2025. Navigating drug discovery with Targetome. Targetome 1:e001

doi: 10.48130/targetome-0025-0001

[53]

Narita S, Kobayashi N, Mori K, Sakurai K. 2019. Clickable gold nanoparticles for streamlining capture, enrichment and release of alkyne-labelled proteins. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 29:126768

doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126768

[54]

Wu M, Jia G, Liu Y, Lou Y, Li Y, et al. 2025. PKM2 controls cochlear development through lactate-dependent transcriptional regulation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 122:e2410829122

doi: 10.1073/pnas.2410829122

[55]

Wang Y, Liu J, Jin X, Zhang D, Li D, et al. 2017. O-GlcNAcylation destabilizes the active tetrameric PKM2 to promote the Warburg effect. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 114:13732−13737

doi: 10.1073/pnas.1704145115

[56]

Qiao G, Wu A, Chen X, Tian Y, Lin X. 2021. Enolase 1, a moonlighting protein, as a potential target for cancer treatment. International Journal of Biological Sciences 17:3981−3992

doi: 10.7150/ijbs.63556

[57]

Chen LJ, Li JY, Nguyen P, He M, Chen ZB, et al. 2024. Single-cell RNA sequencing unveils unique transcriptomic signatures of endothelial cells and role of ENO1 in response to disturbed flow. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 121:e2318904121

doi: 10.1073/pnas.2318904121

[58]

Huang H, Lee MH, Liu K, Dong Z, Ryoo Z, et al. 2021. PBK/TOPK: an effective drug target with diverse therapeutic potential. Cancers 13:2232

doi: 10.3390/cancers13092232

[59]

Zhang J, Zhang HL, Xu XR, Feng YL, Zhu QM, et al. 2025. Targeting PBK with small-molecule 1-O-acetyl-4R, 6S-britannilactone for the treatment of neuroinflammation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 122:e2502593122

doi: 10.1073/pnas.2502593122

[60]

Ma S, Dong Z, Cui Q, Liu JY, Zhang JT. 2021. eIF3i regulation of protein synthesis, cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and tumorigenesis. Cancer Letters 500:11−20

doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.12.009

[61]

Kuai L, Xiang YW, Chen QL, Ru Y, Yin SY, et al. 2022. PD-L1 triggered by binding eIF3I contributes to the amelioration of diabetes-associated wound healing defects by regulating IRS4. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 142:220−231.e8

doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.06.028

[62]

Geertsema S, Bourgonje AR, Fagundes RR, Gacesa R, Weersma RK, et al. 2023. The NRF2/Keap1 pathway as a therapeutic target in inflammatory bowel disease. Trends in Molecular Medicine 29:830−842

doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.07.008

[63]

Awuh JA, Haug M, Mildenberger J, Marstad A, Do CPN, et al. 2015. Keap1 regulates inflammatory signaling in Mycobacterium avium-infected human macrophages. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 112:E4272−E4280

doi: 10.1073/pnas.1423449112

[64]

Tunc R, Ates I, Yılmaz B, Medoro A, Davinelli S, et al. 2025. Modulating Nrf2 to control lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis: implications for cancer management. Frontiers in Oncology 15:1701249

doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1701249