| [1] |
Zhang W, Yu J, Xu Y, Wang Z, Liu L, et al. 2021. Alternate wetting and drying irrigation combined with the proportion of polymer-coated urea and conventional urea rates increases grain yield, water and nitrogen use efficiencies in rice. |
| [2] |
National Bureau of Statistics of China. 2022. China Statistical Yearbook. www.stats.gov.cn/gk |
| [3] |
Lai Z, Fan J, Yang R, Xu X, Liu L, et al. 2022. Interactive effects of plant density and nitrogen rate on grain yield, economic benefit, water productivity and nitrogen use efficiency of drip-fertigated maize in northwest China. |
| [4] |
Zhao L, Tang Q, Song Z, Yin Y, Wang G, et al. 2023. Increasing the yield of drip-irrigated rice by improving photosynthetic performance and enhancing nitrogen metabolism through optimizing water and nitrogen management. |
| [5] |
Pandey V, Shukla A. 2015. Acclimation and tolerance strategies of rice under drought stress. |
| [6] |
Tuong P, Bouman BAM, Mortimer M. 2005. More rice, less water—integrated approaches for increasing water productivity in irrigated rice-based systems in Asia. |
| [7] |
Bai R, Chen L, Zhang X, Wei G, Wei C. 2017. Effect of salinity and soil temperature on the growth and physiology of drip-irrigated rice seedlings. |
| [8] |
Zhang X, Liu H, Meng C, Zhang Z, Wang M, et al. 2019. Ammonium alleviates iron deficiency of drip-irrigated rice seedlings in low soil temperature in calcareous soil. |
| [9] |
Tian Y, Shi X, Shi F, Zhang H, Liang Q, et al. 2023. Late nitrogen fertilization increases biomass of cotton bolls by reinforcing source—sink performance. |
| [10] |
Lyu W, Su JW, Yu XY, Yue NY, Dong ZC, et al. 2023. Physiological mechanism of the effects of two nitrogen forms on yield and photosynthetic characteristics of rice. |
| [11] |
Duan YH, Zhang YL, Shen QR. 2004. Nitrification in rice rhizosphere and the nitrate nutrition of rice. |
| [12] |
Kirk GJD. 2001. Plant-mediated processess to acquire nutrients: nitrogen uptake by rice plants. |
| [13] |
Xu GW, Jiang MM, Lu DK, Wang HZ, Chen MC. 2020. Nitrogen forms affect the root characteristic, photosynthesis, grain yield, and nitrogen use efficiency of rice under different irrigation regimes. |
| [14] |
Zheng E, Yang H, Zhang Z. 2018. Influence of different nitrogen forms application on rice photosynthesis: fluorescence with water-saving irrigation in black soil region of Songnen Plain, Northeast China. |
| [15] |
Li K, Li H, Shi G, Xiao M, Li C, et al. 2020. Physiological responses of Scirpus validus to nitrate stress. |
| [16] |
Xie Y, Lv Y, Jia L, Zheng L, Li Y, et al. 2023. Plastid-localized amino acid metabolism coordinates rice ammonium tolerance and nitrogen use efficiency. |
| [17] |
de Souza EACC, Alvarez-Pizarro JC, de Sousa Lopes L, de Souza Miranda R, Gomes-Filho E. 2021. Nitrate and ammonium nutrition modulates the photosynthetic performance and antioxidant defense in salt-stressed grass species. |
| [18] |
Zeng J, Tang J, Zhang F, Wang Y, Kang H, et al. 2021. Ammonium regulates redox homeostasis and photosynthetic ability to mitigate copper toxicity in wheat seedlings. |
| [19] |
Heuermann D, Hahn H, von Wirén N. 2021. Seed yield and nitrogen efficiency in oilseed rape after ammonium nitrate or urea fertilization. |
| [20] |
Krouk G. 2016. Hormones and nitrate: a two-way connection. |
| [21] |
Tang Q, Wang G, Zhao L, Song Z, Li Y. 2025. Responses of yield, root traits and their plasticity to the nitrogen environment in nitrogen-efficient cultivars of drip-irrigated rice. |
| [22] |
van Kooten O, Snel JFH. 1990. The use of chlorophyll fluorescence nomenclature in plant stress physiology. |
| [23] |
Qiu ZB, Li JT, Yue M. 2010. The damage repair role of He-Ne laser on wheat exposed to osmotic stress. |
| [24] |
Kant S, Seneweera S, Rodin J, Materne M, Burch D, et al. 2012. Improving yield potential in crops under elevated CO2: integrating the photosynthetic and nitrogen utilization efficiencies. |
| [25] |
Tanaka R, Tanaka A. 2011. Chlorophyll cycle regulates the construction and destruction of the light-harvesting complexes. |
| [26] |
Li Y, Gu X, Li Y, Fang H, Chen P. 2023. Ridge-furrow mulching combined with appropriate nitrogen rate for enhancing photosynthetic efficiency, yield and water use efficiency of summer maize in a semi-arid region of China. |
| [27] |
Kasajima I. 2017. Difference in oxidative stress tolerance between rice cultivars estimated with chlorophyll fluorescence analysis. |
| [28] |
Song N, Guo SW, Shen QR. 2007. Effects of different nitrogen forms and water stress on water absorption, photosynthesis and growth of Oryza sativa Seedlings. |
| [29] |
Li CD, Dong HR, Li JC. 2003. Influence of various ratios of nitrogen nutrition on photosynthetic and sugar metabolism of cotton. |
| [30] |
Guo S, Chen G, Zhou Y, Shen Q. 2007. Ammonium nutrition increases photosynthesis rate under water stress at early development stage of rice (Oryza sativa L.). |
| [31] |
Guo S, Zhou Y, Shen Q, Zhang F. 2007. Effect of ammonium and nitrate nutrition on some physiological processes in higher plants - growth, photosynthesis, photorespiration, and water relations. |
| [32] |
Guo HX, Liu WQ, Shi YC. 2006. Effects of different nitrogen forms on photosynthetic rate and the chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics of flue-cured tobacco. |
| [33] |
Zhou YH, Zhang YL, Wang XM, Cui JX, Xia XJ, et al. 2011. Effects of nitrogen form on growth, CO2 assimilation, chlorophyll fluorescence, and photosynthetic electron allocation in cucumber and rice plants. |
| [34] |
Wei HY, Zhang HC, Ma Q, Dai QG, Huo ZY, et al. 2009. Photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaf in rice genotypes with different nitrogen use efficiencies. |
| [35] |
Lee S, Masclaux-Daubresse C. 2021. Current understanding of leaf senescence in rice. |
| [36] |
Singh M, Singh VP, Prasad SM. 2016. Nitrogen modifies NaCl toxicity in eggplant seedlings: assessment of chlorophyll a fluorescence, antioxidative response and proline metabolism. |
| [37] |
Walch-Liu P, Neumann G, Bangerth F, Engels C. 2000. Rapid effects of nitrogen form on leaf morphogenesis in tobacco. |
| [38] |
Chen H, Zhang Q, Cai H, Zhou W, Xu F. 2018. H2O2 mediates nitrate-induced iron chlorosis by regulating iron homeostasis in rice. |
| [39] |
Hejazi Z, Safi S, Barakzai AL, Karimi BK, Quraishi FM, et al. 2023. Cultivar effect on root development in pomegranate hardwood cuttings treated with auxin. |
| [40] |
Wu H, Xiang J, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Peng S, et al. 2018. Effects of post-anthesis nitrogen uptake and translocation on photosynthetic production and rice yield. |
| [41] |
Kim M, Lee B, Sung J. 2025. CN metabolism and nitrogen use efficiency of rice with different nitrogen form and rate. |
| [42] |
O'Brien JA, Vega A, Bouguyon E, Krouk G, Gojon A, et al. 2016. Nitrate transport, sensing, and responses in plants. |
| [43] |
Subbarao GV, Searchinger TD. 2021. Opinion: a “more ammonium solution” to mitigate nitrogen pollution and boost crop yields. |
| [44] |
Fu H, Cui D, Shen H. 2021. Effects of nitrogen forms and application rates on nitrogen uptake, photosynthetic characteristics and yield of double-cropping rice in south China. |
| [45] |
Wang ZH, Miao YF, Li SX. 2015. Effect of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen fertilizers on wheat yield in relation to accumulated nitrate at different depths of soil in drylands of China. |
| [46] |
Tegeder M, Masclaux-Daubresse C. 2018. Source and sink mechanisms of nitrogen transport and use. |
| [47] |
Yan Y, Zhang Z, Sun H, Liu X, Xie J, et al. 2023. Nitrate confers rice adaptation to high ammonium by suppressing its uptake but promoting its assimilation. |
| [48] |
Meng X, Li Y, Yao H, Wang J, Dai F, et al. 2020. Nitrification and urease inhibitors improve rice nitrogen uptake and prevent denitrification in alkaline paddy soil. |
| [49] |
Duan M, Han C, Zhang X, Wei Z, Wang Z, et al. 2025. Spatial and temporal dynamics of photosynthetically active radiation in crops: effects of canopy structure on yield. |
| [50] |
Zhang G, Li Z, Zhu Q, Yang C, Shu H, et al. 2025. Cropping patterns and plant population density alter nitrogen partitioning among photosynthetic components, leaf photosynthetic capacity and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency in field-grown soybean. |