doi:10.48130/forres-0026-0005

[1]

Guo Y, Shi YX, Song S, Zhao YQ, Lu MZ. 2025. PagNAC2a promotes phloem fiber development by regulating PagATL2 in poplar. Plant Science 350:112283

doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112283

[2]

An X, Gao K, Chen Z, Li J, Yang X, et al. 2022. High quality haplotype-resolved genome assemblies of Populus tomentosa Carr., a stabilized interspecific hybrid species widespread in Asia. Molecular Ecology Resources 22:786−802

doi: 10.1111/1755-0998.13507

[3]

Cseke LJ, Cseke SB, Podila GK. 2007. High efficiency poplar transformation. Plant Cell Reports 26:1529−1538

doi: 10.1007/s00299-007-0365-0

[4]

Borthakur D, Busov V, Cao XH, Du Q, Gailing O, et al. 2022. Current status and trends in forest genomics. Forestry Research 2:11

doi: 10.48130/FR-2022-0011

[5]

Song Q, He F, Kong L, Yang J, Wang X, et al. 2024. The IAA17.1/HSFA5a module enhances salt tolerance in Populus tomentosa by regulating flavonol biosynthesis and ROS levels in lateral roots. New Phytologist 241:592−606

doi: 10.1111/nph.19382

[6]

Zhu Y, Li L. 2024. Wood of trees: cellular structure, molecular formation, and genetic engineering. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 66:443−467

doi: 10.1111/jipb.13589

[7]

Jacob P, Hirt H, Bendahmane A. 2017. The heat-shock protein/chaperone network and multiple stress resistance. Plant Biotechnology Journal 15:405−414

doi: 10.1111/pbi.12659

[8]

Bakery A, Vraggalas S, Shalha B, Chauhan H, Benhamed M, et al. 2024. Heat stress transcription factors as the central molecular rheostat to optimize plant survival and recovery from heat stress. New Phytologist 244:51−64

doi: 10.1111/nph.20017

[9]

Scharf KD, Berberich T, Ebersberger I, Nover L. 2012. The plant heat stress transcription factor (Hsf) family: structure, function and evolution. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms 1819:104−119

doi: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2011.10.002

[10]

Guo Q, Wei R, Xu M, Yao W, Jiang J, et al. 2023. Genome-wide analysis of HSF family and overexpression of PsnHSF21 confers salt tolerance in Populus simonii × P. nigra. Frontiers in Plant Science 14:1160102

doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1160102

[11]

Guo J, Wu J, Ji Q, Wang C, Luo L, et al. 2008. Genome-wide analysis of heat shock transcription factor families in rice and Arabidopsis. Journal of Genetics and Genomics 35:105−118

doi: 10.1016/S1673-8527(08)60016-8

[12]

Guo M, Liu JH, Ma X, Luo DX, Gong ZH, et al. 2016. The plant heat stress transcription factors (HSFs): structure, regulation, and function in response to abiotic stresses. Frontiers in Plant Science 7:114

doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00114

[13]

Li Z, Li Z, Ji Y, Wang C, Wang S, et al. 2024. The heat shock factor 20-HSF4-cellulose synthase A2 module regulates heat stress tolerance in maize. The Plant Cell 36:2652−2667

doi: 10.1093/plcell/koae106

[14]

Tan W, Chen J, Yue X, Chai S, Liu W, et al. 2023. The heat response regulators HSFA1s promote Arabidopsis thermomorphogenesis via stabilizing PIF4 during the day. Science Advances 9:eadh1738

doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adh1738

[15]

Huang Y, An J, Sircar S, Bergis C, Lopes CD, et al. 2023. HSFA1a modulates plant heat stress responses and alters the 3D chromatin organization of enhancer-promoter interactions. Nature Communications 14:469

doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-36227-3

[16]

Chen H, Liu X, Li S, Yuan L, Mu H, et al. 2023. The class B heat shock factor HSFB1 regulates heat tolerance in grapevine. Horticulture Research 10:uhad001

doi: 10.1093/hr/uhad001

[17]

Kumar M, Busch W, Birke H, Kemmerling B, Nürnberger T, et al. 2009. Heat shock factors HsfB1 and HsfB2b are involved in the regulation of Pdf1.2 expression and pathogen resistance in Arabidopsis. Molecular Plant 2:152−165

doi: 10.1093/mp/ssn095

[18]

Gao L, Pan L, Shi Y, Zeng R, Li Z, et al. 2024. Genetic variation in a heat shock transcription factor modulates cold tolerance in maize. Molecular Plant 17:1423−1438

doi: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.07.015

[19]

Fragkostefanakis S, Simm S, El-Shershaby A, Hu Y, Bublak D, et al. 2019. The repressor and co-activator HsfB1 regulates the major heat stress transcription factors in tomato. Plant, Cell & Environment 42:874−890

doi: 10.1111/pce.13434

[20]

Begum T, Reuter R, Schöffl F. 2013. Overexpression of AtHsfB4 induces specific effects on root development of Arabidopsis. Mechanisms of Development 130:54−60

doi: 10.1016/j.mod.2012.05.008

[21]

Zhao K, Dang H, Nan S, Yu C, Li Y, et al. 2025. PagHSF4 mediates the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid and plant hormone signal transduction to regulate the growth and development as well as salt stress tolerance of poplar. Industrial Crops and Products 234:121582

doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121582

[22]

Chen K, Li GJ, Bressan RA, Song CP, Zhu JK, et al. 2020. Abscisic acid dynamics, signaling, and functions in plants. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 62:25−54

doi: 10.1111/jipb.12899

[23]

Brookbank BP, Patel J, Gazzarrini S, Nambara E. 2021. Role of basal ABA in plant growth and development. Genes 12:1936

doi: 10.3390/genes12121936

[24]

Belda-Palazón B, Costa M, Beeckman T, Rolland F, Baena-González E. 2022. ABA represses TOR and root meristem activity through nuclear exit of the SnRK1 kinase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 119:e2204862119

doi: 10.1101/2021.12.27.474243

[25]

Qin H, Wang J, Zhou J, Qiao J, Li Y, et al. 2023. Abscisic acid promotes auxin biosynthesis to inhibit primary root elongation in rice. Plant Physiology 191:1953−1967

doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiac586

[26]

Rowe J, Grangé-Guermente M, Exposito-Rodriguez M, Wimalasekera R, Lenz MO, et al. 2023. Next-generation ABACUS biosensors reveal cellular ABA dynamics driving root growth at low aerial humidity. Nature Plants 9:1103−1115

doi: 10.1038/s41477-023-01447-4

[27]

Dong H, Chen Q, Fu Y, Xie H, Li T, et al. 2024. PbGBF3 enhances salt response in pear by upregulating PbAPL2 and PbSDH1 and reducing ABA-mediated salt sensitivity. The Plant Journal 119:2837−2853

doi: 10.1111/tpj.16953

[28]

Song LY, Xu CQ, Zhang LD, Li J, Jiang LW, et al. 2024. Trehalose along with ABA promotes the salt tolerance of Avicennia marina by regulating Na⁺ transport. The Plant Journal 119:2349−2362

doi: 10.1111/tpj.16921

[29]

Liu KH, Lin Z, Guo Y, Zhang R, Li Y, et al. 2025. ABA-activated low-nanomolar Ca²⁺-CPK signalling controls root cap cycle plasticity and stress adaptation. Nature Plants 11:90−104

doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3929094/v1

[30]

Barrero JM, Rodríguez PL, Quesada V, Piqueras P, Ponce MR, et al. 2006. Both abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent and ABA-independent pathways govern the induction of NCED3, AAO3 and ABA1 in response to salt stress. Plant, Cell & Environment 29:2000−2008

doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2006.01576.x

[31]

Xiang Z, Zhang L, Long Y, Zhang M, Yao Y, et al. 2024. An ABA biosynthesis enzyme gene OsNCED4 regulates NaCl and cold stress tolerance in rice. Scientific Reports 14:26711

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-78121-y

[32]

Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, et al. 2011. MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Molecular Biology and Evolution 28:2731−2739

doi: 10.1093/molbev/msr121

[33]

Chen C, Chen H, Zhang Y, Thomas HR, Frank MH, et al. 2020. TBtools: an integrative toolkit developed for interactive analyses of big biological data. Molecular Plant 13:1194−1202

doi: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.06.009

[34]

Sadowski I, Ma J, Triezenberg S, Ptashne M. 1988. GAL4-VP16 is an unusually potent transcriptional activator. Nature 335:563−564

doi: 10.1038/335563a0

[35]

Du N, Liu X, Li Y, Chen S, Zhang J, et al. 2012. Genetic transformation of Populus tomentosa to improve salt tolerance. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) 108:181−189

doi: 10.1007/s11240-011-0026-4

[36]

Schneider CA, Rasband WS, Eliceiri KW. 2012. NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis. Nature Methods 9:671−675

doi: 10.1038/nmeth.2089

[37]

Zhao Y, Jia K, Tian Y, Han K, El-Kassaby YA, et al. 2023. Time-course transcriptomics analysis reveals key responses of Populus to salt stress. Industrial Crops and Products 194:116278

doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2023.116278

[38]

Kim D, Langmead B, Salzberg SL. 2015. HISAT: a fast spliced aligner with low memory requirements. Nature Methods 12:357−360

doi: 10.1038/nmeth.3317

[39]

Love MI, Huber W, Anders S. 2014. Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2. Genome Biology 15:550

doi: 10.1186/s13059-014-0550-8

[40]

Meng J, Cui X, Rao MK, Chen Y, Huang Y. 2013. Exome-based analysis for RNA epigenome sequencing data. Bioinformatics 29:1565−1567

doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btt171

[41]

Lombardi M, De Gara L, Loreto F. 2021. Determinants of root system architecture for future-ready, stress-resilient crops. Physiologia Plantarum 172:2090−2097

doi: 10.1111/ppl.13439

[42]

Yu Z, Duan X, Luo L, Dai S, Ding Z, et al. 2020. How plant hormones mediate salt stress responses. Trends in Plant Science 25:1117−1130

doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.06.008

[43]

Zheng L, Meng Y, Ma J, Zhao X, Cheng T, et al. 2015. Transcriptomic analysis reveals importance of ROS and phytohormones in response to short-term salinity stress in Populus tomentosa. Frontiers in Plant Science 6:678

doi: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00678

[44]

Tsikas D. 2017. Assessment of lipid peroxidation by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) and relatives in biological samples: analytical and biological challenges. Analytical Biochemistry 524:13−30

doi: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.10.021

[45]

Zhang T, Xiang Y, Ye M, Yuan M, Xu G, et al. 2025. The uORF-HsfA1a-WOX11 module controls crown root development in rice. New Phytologist 247:760−773

doi: 10.1111/nph.70214

[46]

Czarnecka-verner E, Pan S, Salem T, Gurley WB. 2004. Plant class B HSFs inhibit transcription and exhibit affinity for TFIIB and TBP. Plant Molecular Biology 56:57−75

doi: 10.1007/s11103-004-2307-3

[47]

Ikeda M, Ohme-Takagi M. 2009. A novel group of transcriptional repressors in Arabidopsis. Plant and Cell Physiology 50:970−975

doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcp048

[48]

Noll GA, Furch ACU, Rose J, Visser F, Prüfer D. 2022. Guardians of the phloem – forisomes and beyond. New Phytologist 236:1245−1260

doi: 10.1111/nph.18476

[49]

Teng Z, Lyu J, Chen Y, Zhang J, Ye N. 2023. Effects of stress-induced ABA on root architecture development: positive and negative actions. The Crop Journal 11:1072−1079

doi: 10.1016/j.cj.2023.06.007

[50]

Schwarz N, Armbruster U, Iven T, Brückle L, Melzer M, et al. 2015. Tissue-specific accumulation and regulation of zeaxanthin epoxidase in Arabidopsis reflect the multiple functions of the enzyme in plastids. Plant and Cell Physiology 56:346−357

doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcu167

[51]

Zhao C, Zhang H, Song C, Zhu JK, Shabala S. 2020. Mechanisms of plant responses and adaptation to soil salinity. The Innovation 1:100017

doi: 10.1016/j.xinn.2020.100017

[52]

Bian XH, Li W, Niu CF, Wei W, Hu Y, et al. 2020. A class B heat shock factor selected for during soybean domestication contributes to salt tolerance by promoting flavonoid biosynthesis. New Phytologist 225:268−283

doi: 10.1111/nph.16104

[53]

Jiang L, Xiao W, Chen H, Qi Y, Kuang X, et al. 2024. The OsGAPC1-OsSGL module negatively regulates salt tolerance by mediating abscisic acid biosynthesis in rice. New Phytologist 244:825−839

doi: 10.1111/nph.20061