[1]

Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. 2024. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 74(3):229−263

doi: 10.3410/f.739487650.793592245
[2]

Zang L, Ma J, Zhao Y, Zhao X, Zhang L. 2023. 腹腔镜胃癌手术操作指南(2023版) [Guideline for laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer (2023 edition)]. 中国实用外科杂志 [Chinese Journal of Practical Surgery] 43(4):361−370 (in Chinese)

doi: 10.19538/j.cjps.issn1005-2208.2023.04.01
[3]

Zheng ZW, Lin M, Zheng HL, Chen QY, Lin JX, et al. 2024. Comparison of short-term outcomes after robotic versus laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer in elderly individuals: a propensity score-matching study. Annals of Surgical Oncology 31(4):2679−2688

doi: 10.1245/s10434-023-14808-2
[4]

Liu ZY, Chen QY, Zhong Q, Li P, Xie JW, et al. 2023. Intraoperative adverse events, technical performance, and surgical outcomes in laparoscopic radical surgery for gastric cancer: a pooled analysis from 2 randomized trials. Annals of Surgery 278(2):222−229

doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000005727
[5]

Shang-Guan ZX, Zhong Q, Zhang ZQ, Liu ZY, Sun YQ, et al. 2025. Surgical and oncological outcomes of laparoscopic versus open gastrectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer: a multicenter analysis. European Journal of Surgical Oncology 51(8):110060

doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2025.110060
[6]

Lu J, Li TY, Zhang L, Wang ZK, She JJ, et al. 2024. Comparison of short-term and three-year oncological outcomes between robotic and laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a large multicenter cohort study. Annals of Surgery 279(5):808−817

doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000006215
[7]

Long VD, Thong DQ, Dat TQ, Nguyen DT, Hai NV, et al. 2024. Risk factors of postoperative complications and their effect on survival after laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Annals of Gastroenterological Surgery 8(4):580−594

doi: 10.1002/ags3.12780
[8]

Hu B. 2022. 集束化护理对腹腔镜胃癌根治术后患者胃肠功能及生活质量的影响[Effect of cluster nursing on recovery of gastrointestinal function in patients after laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer]. 国际护理学杂志 [International Journal of Nursing] 41(7):1334−1337 (in Chinese)

doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn221370-20200705-00344
[9]

Chung SL, Li W, Wang Q, Qiu X, Tang Y, et al. 2024. Clinical study of electroacupuncture on the recovery of gastrointestinal dysfunction after laparoscopic surgery for gastrointestinal cancer − study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies 24(1):119

doi: 10.1186/s12906-024-04418-0
[10]

Aggarwal A, Irrinki S, Kurdia KC, Khare S, Naik N, et al. 2023. Modified enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol versus non-ERAS protocol in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy for acute intestinal obstruction: a randomized controlled trial. World Journal of Surgery 47(12):2990−2999

doi: 10.1007/s00268-023-07176-1
[11]

Papasavas P, Seip RL, McLaughlin T, Staff I, Thompson S, et al. 2023. A randomized controlled trial of an enhanced recovery after surgery protocol in patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Surgical Endoscopy 37(2):921−931

doi: 10.1007/s00464-022-09512-3
[12]

Ali ZA, Ajani K, Sohaib M, Hasnani FB, Ladak L. 2025. Promoting a multidisciplinary team for early mobilisation in mechanically ventilated patients: an innovation in health professional Education − a quasi-experimental pre-post study. Nursing in Critical Care 30(5):e70132

doi: 10.1111/nicc.70132
[13]

Gu Y, Wu Q, Wang X, Zhou J. 2023. 早期床上抗阻运动对胃肠道肿瘤患者术后康复护理的影响 [Effect of early bed resistance exercise on postoperative rehabilitation in patients with gastrointestinal tumors]. 中华护理杂志 [Chinese Journal of Nursing] 58(12):1462−1468 (in Chinese)

doi: 10.3761/j.issn.0254-1769.2023.12.008
[14]

Kumar MA, Romero FG, Dharaneeswaran K. 2020. Early mobilization in neurocritical care patients. Current Opinion in Critical Care 26(2):147−154

doi: 10.1097/mcc.0000000000000709
[15]

Mei X, Lan F, Tian F, Zhou M. 2025. 腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术后肠梗阻发生危险因素分析 [Analysis of risk factors for intestinal obstruction after laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for distal gastric cancer]. 浙江创伤外科 [Zhejiang Journal of Traumatic Surgery] 30(7):1250−1253 (in Chinese)

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7147.2025.07015
[16]

Mortensen K, Nilsson M, Slim K, Schäfer M, Mariette C, et al. 2014. Consensus guidelines for enhanced recovery after gastrectomy. British Journal of Surgery 101(10):1209−1229

doi: 10.1002/bjs.9582
[17]

Cao H, Chen Y, Gu X, Min S, Peng S, et al. 2021. 中国加速康复外科临床实践指南(2021版) [Clinical practice guidelines for enhanced recovery after surgery in China (2021 edition)]. 中国实用外科杂志 [Chinese Journal of Practical Surger] 41(9):961−992 (in Chinese)

doi: 10.19538/j.cjps.issn1005-2208.2021.09.01
[18]

Zhang L, Wu Q, Wang X, Zhu X, Shi Y, et al. 2024. Factors impacting early mobilization according to the enhanced recovery after surgery guideline following gastrointestinal surgery: a prospective study. Geriatrics & Gerontology International 24(2):234−239

doi: 10.1111/ggi.14799
[19]

Wang M, Cai J, Han H, Zhou Q, Wang H, et al. 2023. 基于i-PARIHS框架的胃癌胃切除术后患者早期活动障碍因素的最佳证据分析 [Analysis of the best evidence on barriers to early mobilization in gastric cancer patients after gastrectomy based on the i-PARIHS framework]. 护理与康复 [Journal of Nursing and Rehabilitation] 22(2):46−49,52 (in Chinese)

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-9875.2023.02.010
[20]

Whitehorn A, Lockwood C, Hu Y, Xing W, Zhu Z, et al. 2025. Methodological components, structure, and quality assessment tools for evidence summaries: a scoping review. JBI Evidence Synthesis 23(3):493−516

doi: 10.11124/JBIES-23-00557
[21]

Xing W, Hu Y, Zhou Y, Zhu Z, Gu Y, et al. 2020. 推动证据向临床转化(六)证据总结的制作与撰写 [Promoting the translation of evidence into clinical practice (6) production and writing of evidence summary]. 护士进修杂志 [Journal of Nurses Training] 35(12):1129−1132 (in Chinese)

doi: 10.16821/j.cnki.hsjx.2020.12.016
[22]

DiCenso A, Bayley L, Haynes RB. 2009. Accessing pre-appraised evidence: fine-tuning the 5S model into a 6S model. Evidence Based Nursing 12(4):99−101

doi: 10.1136/ebn.12.4.99-b
[23]

Brouwers MC, Kho ME, Browman GP, Burgers JS, Cluzeau F, et al. 2010. AGREE II: advancing guideline development, reporting and evaluation in health care. CMAJ 182(18):E839−E842

doi: 10.1503/cmaj.090449
[24]

The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). 2025. Checklist for text and opinion. JBI. https://jbi.global/sites/default/files/2020-08/Checklist_for_Text_and_Opinion.pdf

[25]

Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). 2025. Critical appraisal tools. JBI. https://jbi.global/critical-appraisal-tools

[26]

Wang C, Hu Y. 2015. JBI证据预分级及证据推荐级别系统(2014版) [JBI evidence pre-grading and evidence recommendation level system (2014 edition)]. 护士进修杂志 [Journal of Nurses Training] 30(11):964−967 (in Chinese)

doi: 10.16821/j.cnki.hsjx.2015.11.002
[27]

Irani JL, Hedrick TL, Miller TE, Lee L, Steinhagen E, et al. 2023. Clinical practice guidelines for enhanced recovery after colon and rectal surgery from the American society of colon and rectal surgeons and the society of American gastrointestinal and endoscopic surgeons. Surgical Endoscopy 37(1):5−30

doi: 10.1007/s00464-022-09758-x
[28]

Chen L, Chen Y, Dong H, Feng Y, Gu X, et al. 2018. 加速康复外科中国专家共识及路径管理指南(2018版) [Chinese consensus and clinical guidelines for enhanced recovery after surgery (2018 editon)]. 中国实用外科杂志 [Chinese Journal of Practical Surgery] 38(1):1−20 (in Chinese)

doi: 10.19538/j.cjps.issn1005-2208.2018.01.01
[29]

Liu B, Guo T. 2018. 胃癌手术患者快速康复外科护理中量化活动方案的实施[Implementation of quantitative ambulation schemes in enhanced recovery after surgery for gastric cancer patients]. 护理学杂志 [Journal of Nursing Science] 33(10):23−26 (in Chinese)

doi: 10.3870/j.issn.1001-4152.2018.10.023
[30]

Ni L, Huang S, Qiu L. 2023. 加速康复外科护理路径在腹腔镜胃癌根治术中的应用[The application of enhanced recovery after surgery nursing pathway in laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer]. 护理与康复 [Journal of Nursing and Rehabilitation] 22(5):48−51 (in Chinese)

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-9875.2023.05.010
[31]

Lee HJ, Kim J, Yoon SH, Kong SH, Kim WH, et al. 2025. Effectiveness of ERAS program on postoperative recovery after gastric cancer surgery: a randomized clinical trial. International Journal of Surgery 111(5):3306−3313

doi: 10.1097/js9.0000000000002328
[32]

He H, Yang G, Wang S, Han X, Li J. 2022. Fast-track surgery nursing intervention in CRC patients with laparotomy and laparoscopic surgery. Medicine 101(37):e30603

doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000030603
[33]

Gao Z, Lu H, Wu S, Sun YD, Bao L, et al. 2020. Effect of fast-track surgery nursing on postoperative rehabilitation of patients undergoing laparoscopic radical gastrectomy. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine 13(2):590−596

[34]

Robotic and Laparoscopic Surgery Committee of Chinese Research Hospital Association. 2017. 胃癌胃切除手术加速康复外科专家共识(2016版) [Expert consensus on enhanced recovery after gastrectomy for gastric cancer (2016 edition)]. 中华消化外科杂志 [Chinese Journal of Digestive Surgery] 16(1):14−17 (in Chinese)

doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-9752.2017.01.003
[35]

Chinese Expert Group for Enhanced Recovery after Surgery. 2016. 中国加速康复外科围术期管理专家共识(2016版) [Chinese expert consensus on enhanced recovery after surgery in perioperative management (2016 edition)]. 中华消化外科杂志 [Chinese Journal of Digestive Surgery] 15(6):527−533 (in Chinese)

doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-9752.2016.06.001
[36]

Tian Q, Wang H, Guo T, Yao B, Liu Y, et al. 2024. The efficacy and safety of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program in laparoscopic distal gastrectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Annals of Medicine 56(1):2306194

doi: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2306194
[37]

Hu Y, Lu J, Ye Y, Jin P, Yu Z. 2021. 胃癌患者术后早期下床活动的最佳证据应用[Application of best evidence for early postoperative ambulation in gastric cancer patients]. 上海护理 [Shanghai Nursing] 21(5):22−26 (in Chinese)

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-8399.2021.05.005
[38]

Koyuncu F, Iyigun E. 2022. The effect of mobilization protocol on mobilization start time and patient care outcomes in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Journal of Clinical Nursing 31(9-10):1298−1308

doi: 10.1111/jocn.15986
[39]

Almutary H, Almashi A. 2024. Preoperative patient education: perceptions and actual practice among nurses working in surgical units. SAGE Open Nursing 10:23779608231226090

doi: 10.1177/23779608231226090
[40]

Liang Y, Liu H, Nurse LZ, Zhu Y, Zhao M, et al. 2021. Enhanced recovery after surgery for laparoscopic gastrectomy in gastric cancer: a prospective study. Medicine 100(7):e24267

doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000024267
[41]

Tadesse B, Kumar P, Girma N, Anteneh S, Yimam W, et al. 2023. Preoperative patient education practices and predictors among nurses working in east Amhara comprehensive specialized hospitals, Ethiopia, 2022. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare 16:237−247

doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S398663
[42]

Jain Y, Lanjewar R, Lamture Y, Bawiskar D. 2023. Evaluation of different approaches for pain management in postoperative general surgery patients: a comprehensive review. Cureus 15(11):e48573

doi: 10.7759/cureus.48573
[43]

Gordon DB. 2015. Acute pain assessment tools: let us move beyond simple pain ratings. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 28(5):565−569

doi: 10.1097/ACO.0000000000000225
[44]

Chou R, Gordon DB, de Leon-Casasola OA, Rosenberg JM, Bickler S, et al. 2016. Management of postoperative pain: a clinical practice guideline from the American pain society, the American society of regional anesthesia and pain medicine, and the American society of anesthesiologists' committee on regional anesthesia, executive committee, and administrative council. The Journal of Pain 17(2):131−157

doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2015.12.008
[45]

Ebara G, Sakuramoto S, Matsui K, Nishibeppu K, Fujita S, et al. 2023. Efficacy and safety of patient-controlled thoracic epidural analgesia alone versus patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with acetaminophen after laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a propensity score-matched analysis. Surgical Endoscopy 37(11):8245−8253

doi: 10.1007/s00464-023-10370-w
[46]

Brown EN, Pavone KJ, Naranjo M. 2018. Multimodal general anesthesia: theory and practice. Anesthesia & Analgesia 127(5):1246−1258

doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000003668
[47]

Hausken J, Fretland ÅA, Edwin B, Andersen MH, Dagenborg VJ, et al. 2019. Intravenous patient-controlled analgesia versus thoracic epidural analgesia after open liver surgery: a prospective, randomized, controlled, noninferiority trial. Annals of Surgery 270(2):193−199

doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000003209
[48]

Sinatra RS, Jahr JS, Reynolds LW, Viscusi ER, Groudine SB, et al. 2005. Efficacy and safety of single and repeated administration of 1 gram intravenous acetaminophen injection (paracetamol) for pain management after major orthopedic surgery. Anesthesiology 102(4):822−831

doi: 10.1097/01.sa.0000234706.53107.53
[49]

Lee Y, Yu J, Doumouras AG, Ashoorion V, Gmora S, et al. 2019. Intravenous acetaminophen versus placebo in post-bariatric surgery multimodal pain management: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obesity Surgery 29(4):1420−1428

doi: 10.1007/s11695-019-03732-8
[50]

Kinoshita J, Fushida S, Kaji M, Oyama K, Fujimoto D, et al. 2019. A randomized controlled trial of postoperative intravenous acetaminophen plus thoracic epidural analgesia vs. thoracic epidural analgesia alone after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 22(2):392−402

doi: 10.1007/s10120-018-0863-5
[51]

Benjamin E, Roddy L, Giuliano KK. 2022. Management of patient tubes and lines during early mobility in the intensive care unit. Human Factors in Healthcare 2:100017

doi: 10.1016/j.hfh.2022.100017
[52]

Rao W, Zhang X, Zhang J, Yan R, Hu Z, et al. 2011. The role of nasogastric tube in decompression after elective colon and rectum surgery: a meta-analysis. International Journal of Colorectal Disease 26(4):423−429

doi: 10.1007/s00384-010-1093-4
[53]

Nelson R, Edwards S, Tse B. 2007. Prophylactic nasogastric decompression after abdominal surgery. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007(3):CD004929

doi: 10.1002/14651858.cd004929
[54]

Wong-Lun-Hing EM, van Woerden V, Lodewick TM, Bemelmans MHA, Olde Damink SWM, et al. 2017. Abandoning prophylactic abdominal drainage after hepatic surgery: 10 years of no-drain lnment. Digestive Surgery 34(5):411−420

doi: 10.1159/000455246
[55]

Hendren S, Ameling J, Rocker C, Sulich C, Greene MT, et al. 2024. Validation of measures for perioperative urinary catheter use, urinary retention, and urinary catheter-related trauma in surgical patients. The American Journal of Surgery 228:199−205

doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2023.09.027
[56]

Zaouter C, Kaneva P, Carli F. 2009. Less urinary tract infection by earlier removal of bladder catheter in surgical patients receiving thoracic epidural analgesia. Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine 34(6):542−548

doi: 10.1097/AAP.0b013e3181ae9fac
[57]

Grantcharov TP, Kehlet H. 2010. Laparoscopic gastric surgery in an enhanced recovery programme. British Journal of Surgery 97(10):1547−1551

doi: 10.1002/bjs.7184
[58]

Rosowicz A, Brody JS, Lazar DJ, Bangla VG, Panahi A, et al. 2023. Early ambulation is associated with improved outcomes following colorectal surgery. The American SurgeonTM 89(12):5225−5233

doi: 10.1177/00031348221142590
[59]

Hodgson CL, Schaller SJ, Nydahl P, Timenetsky KT, Needham DM. 2021. Ten strategies to optimize early mobilization and rehabilitation in intensive care. Critical Care 25(1):324

doi: 10.1186/s13054-021-03741-z
[60]

Gustafsson UO, Scott MJ, Hubner M, Nygren J, Demartines N, et al. 2019. Guidelines for perioperative care in elective colorectal surgery: enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS®) society recommendations: 2018. World Journal of Surgery 43(3):659−695

doi: 10.1007/s00268-018-4844-y
[61]

Twomey R, Matthews TW, Nakoneshny S, Schrag C, Chandarana SP, et al. 2021. Impact of early mobilization on recovery after major head and neck surgery with free flap reconstruction. Cancers 13(12):2852

doi: 10.3390/cancers13122852
[62]

Tazreean R, Nelson G, Twomey R. 2022. Early mobilization in enhanced recovery after surgery pathways: current evidence and recent advancements. Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research 11(2):121−129

doi: 10.2217/cer-2021-0258