[1]

Janssens SB, Vandelook F, De Langhe E, Verstraete B, Smets E, et al. 2016. Evolutionary dynamics and biogeography of Musaceae reveal a correlation between the diversification of the banana family and the geological and climatic history of Southeast Asia. New Phytologist 210:1453−1465

doi: 10.1111/nph.13856
[2]

Miao H, Zhang J, Zheng Y, Jia C, Hu Y, et al. 2025. Shaping the future of bananas: advancing genetic trait regulation and breeding in the postgenomics era. Horticulture Research 12:uhaf044

doi: 10.1093/hr/uhaf044
[3]

Drenth A, Kema G. 2021. The vulnerability of bananas to globally emerging disease threats. Phytopathology 111:2146−2161

doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-07-20-0311-RVW
[4]

Chen H, Fan L, Wang T, Pan X, Xia B. 2026. Banana preservation-valorization synergies: advancing sustainable systems. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 66:2676−2706

doi: 10.1080/10408398.2025.2579775
[5]

Singh B, Singh JP, Kaur A, Singh N. 2016. Bioactive compounds in banana and their associated health benefits – a review. Food Chemistry 206:1−11

doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.03.033
[6]

Miao H, Sun P, Zhu W, Liu Q, Zhang J, et al. 2024. Exploring the function of MaPHO1 in starch degradation and its protein interactions in postharvest banana fruits. Postharvest Biology and Technology 209:112687

doi: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2023.112687
[7]

Wu C, Cai D , Li J, Lin Z, Wei W, et al. 2024. Banana MabHLH28 positively regulates the expression of softening-related genes to mediate fruit ripening independently or via cooperating with MaWRKY49/111. Horticulture Research 11:uhae053

doi: 10.1093/hr/uhae053
[8]

Zhu Z, Sun P, Jin Y, Jin Z, Sun J, et al. 2026. Revealing the role of the MaLSF1 gene in fruit starch degradation and its regulatory transcription factors in Musa acuminata. Postharvest Biology and Technology 231:113902

doi: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2025.113902
[9]

Li A, Meng Y, Chen X, Zeng Z, Zhao Z, et al. 2026. A cool temperature–induced ubiquitination-controlled transcription factor promotes starch degradation and ripening in kiwifruit. Plant Communications 101736

doi: 10.1016/j.xplc.2026.101736
[10]

Simão RA, Silva APFB, Peroni FHG, do Nascimento JRO, Louro RP, et al. 2008. Mango starch degradation. I. A microscopic view of the granule during ripening. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 56:7410−7415

doi: 10.1021/jf800467v
[11]

Peroni FHG, Koike C, Louro RP, Purgatto E, do Nascimento JRO, et al. 2008. Mango starch degradation. II. The binding of α-amylase and β-amylase to the starch granule. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 56:7416−7421

doi: 10.1021/jf800469w
[12]

Rejzek M, Stevenson CE, Southard AM, Stanley D, Denyer K, et al. 2011. Chemical genetics and cereal starch metabolism: structural basis of the non-covalent and covalent inhibition of barley β-amylase. Molecular BioSystems 7:718−730

doi: 10.1039/C0MB00204F
[13]

Zhang Q, Pritchard J, Mieog J, Byrne K, Colgrave ML, et al. 2021. Overexpression of a wheat α-amylase type 2 impact on starch metabolism and abscisic acid sensitivity during grain germination. The Plant Journal 108:378−393

doi: 10.1111/tpj.15444
[14]

Wang Z, Wei K, Xiong M, Wang JD, Zhang CQ, et al. 2021. Glucan, Water-Dikinase 1 (GWD1), an ideal biotechnological target for potential improving yield and quality in rice. Plant Biotechnology Journal 19:2606−2618

doi: 10.1111/pbi.13686
[15]

Bowerman AF, Newberry M, Dielen AS, Whan A, Larroque O, et al. 2016. Suppression of glucan, water dikinase in the endosperm alters wheat grain properties, germination and coleoptile growth. Plant Biotechnology Journal 14:398−408

doi: 10.1111/pbi.12394
[16]

Kötting O, Pusch K, Tiessen A, Geigenberger P, Steup M, et al. 2005. Identification of a novel enzyme required for starch metabolism in Arabidopsis leaves. The phosphoglucan, water dikinase. Plant Physiology 137:242−252

doi: 10.1104/pp.104.055954
[17]

Kötting O, Santelia D, Edner C, Eicke S, Marthaler T, et al. 2009. STARCH-EXCESS4 is a laforin-like phosphoglucan phosphatase required for starch degradation in Arabidopsis thaliana. The Plant Cell 21:334−346

doi: 10.1105/tpc.108.064360
[18]

Xiao F, Wang CK, Zhang JC, Jian XY, Xiang Y, et al. 2026. The MdERF17–MdbHLH149 module mediates ethylene-induced starch degradation through the transcriptional repression of α-Amylase MdAMY1 in apple. Plant Biotechnology Journal 24:3141−3157

doi: 10.1111/pbi.70561
[19]

Gong X, Lin M, Song J, Mao J, Yao D, et al. 2025. Genome-wide identification of the AcBAM family in kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis cv. Hongyang) and the expression profiling analysis of AcBAMs reveal their role in starch metabolism. BMC Plant Biology 25:415

doi: 10.1186/s12870-025-06425-w
[20]

Li GJ, Chen K, Sun S, Zhao Y. 2024. Osmotic signaling releases PP2C-mediated inhibition of Arabidopsis SnRK2s via the receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase BIK1. The EMBO Journal 43:6076−6103

doi: 10.1038/s44318-024-00277-0
[21]

Liu T, Yang Y, Zhu R, Wang Q, Wang Y, et al. 2024. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of sucrose nonfermenting 1-related protein kinase (SnRK) genes in Salvia miltiorrhiza in response to hormone. Plants 13:994

doi: 10.3390/plants13070994
[22]

Fujita Y, Nakashima K, Yoshida T, Katagiri T, Kidokoro S, et al. 2009. Three SnRK2 protein kinases are the main positive regulators of abscisic acid signaling in response to water stress in Arabidopsis. Plant and Cell Physiology 50:2123−2132

doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcp147
[23]

Feng CZ, Chen Y, Wang C, Kong YH, Wu WH, et al. 2014. Arabidopsis RAV1 transcription factor, phosphorylated by SnRK2 kinases, regulates the expression of ABI3, ABI4, and ABI5 during seed germination and early seedling development. The Plant Journal 80:654−668

doi: 10.1111/tpj.12670
[24]

Zhu L, Li Y, Wang C, Wang Z, Cao W, et al. 2023. The SnRK2.3-AREB1-TST1/2 cascade activated by cytosolic glucose regulates sugar accumulation across tonoplasts in apple and tomato. Nature Plants 9:951−964

doi: 10.1038/s41477-023-01443-8
[25]

Huang F, Sun M, Yao Z, Zhou J, Bai Q, et al. 2024. Protein kinase SnRK2.6 phosphorylates transcription factor bHLH3 to regulate anthocyanin homeostasis during strawberry fruit ripening. Journal of Experimental Botany 75:5627−5640

doi: 10.1093/jxb/erae250
[26]

Li K, Li Y, Liu C, Li M, Bao R, et al. 2024. Protein kinase MeSnRK2.3 positively regulates starch biosynthesis by interacting with the transcription factor MebHLH68 in cassava. Journal of Experimental Botany 75:6369−6387

doi: 10.1093/jxb/erae343
[27]

Ning C, Yang Y, Chen Q, Zhao W, Zhou X, et al. 2023. An R2R3 MYB transcription factor PsFLP regulates the symmetric division of guard mother cells during stomatal development in Pisum sativum. Physiologia Plantarum 175:e13943

doi: 10.1111/ppl.13943
[28]

Jia M, Li X, Wang W, Li T, Dai Z, et al. 2022. SnRK2 subfamily I protein kinases regulate ethylene biosynthesis by phosphorylating HB transcription factors to induce ACO1 expression in apple. New Phytologist 234:1262−1277

doi: 10.1111/nph.18040
[29]

Yang Y, Wu C, Shan W, Wei W, Zhao Y, et al. 2023. Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14-mediated phosphorylation of MaMYB4 negatively regulates banana fruit ripening. Horticulture Research 10:uhac243

doi: 10.1093/hr/uhac243
[30]

Wei W, Yang YY, Wu CJ, Kuang JF, Chen JY, et al. 2023. MaMADS1–MaNAC083 transcriptional regulatory cascade regulates ethylene biosynthesis during banana fruit ripening. Horticulture Research 10:uhad177

doi: 10.1093/hr/uhad177
[31]

Zheng Y, Fu M, Wang J, Miao H, Jia C, et al. 2023. Protein expression and fine interaction mechanism of banana MuMADS1 and MaOFP1. Fruit Research 3:8

doi: 10.48130/frures-2023-0008
[32]

D'Hont A, Denoeud F, Aury JM, Baurens FC, Carreel F, et al. 2012. The banana (Musa acuminata) genome and the evolution of monocotyledonous plants. Nature 488:213−217

doi: 10.1038/nature11241
[33]

Duvaud S, Gabella C, Lisacek F, Stockinger H, Ioannidis V, et al. 2021. Expasy, the Swiss Bioinformatics Resource Portal, as designed by its users. Nucleic Acids Research 49:W216−W227

doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab225
[34]

Chen C, Wu Y, Li J, Wang X, Zeng Z, et al. 2023. TBtools-II: a "one for all, all for one" bioinformatics platform for biological big-data mining. Molecular Plant 16:1733−1742

doi: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.09.010
[35]

Sun P, Zhu Z, Jin Z, Xie J, Miao H, et al. 2024. Molecular characteristics and functional identification of a key alpha-amylase-encoding gene AMY11 in Musa acuminata. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25:7832

doi: 10.3390/ijms25147832
[36]

Gogarten SM, Bhangale T, Conomos MP, Laurie CA, McHugh CP, et al. 2012. GWASTools: an R/Bioconductor package for quality control and analysis of genome-wide association studies. Bioinformatics 28:3329−3331

doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bts610
[37]

Wang Y, Tang H, DeBarry JD, Tan X, Li J, et al. 2012. MCScanX: a toolkit for detection and evolutionary analysis of gene synteny and collinearity. Nucleic Acids Research 40:e49

doi: 10.1093/nar/gkr1293
[38]

Abramson J, Adler J, Dunger J, Evans R, Green T, et al. 2024. Accurate structure prediction of biomolecular interactions with AlphaFold 3. Nature 630:493−500

doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-07487-w
[39]

Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. 2001. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2−ΔΔCᴛ method. Methods 25:402−408

doi: 10.1006/meth.2001.1262
[40]

Miao H, Sun P, Liu Q, Liu J, Jia C, et al. 2020. Molecular identification of the key starch branching enzyme-encoding gene SBE2.3 and its interacting transcription factors in banana fruits. Horticulture Research 7:101

doi: 10.1038/s41438-020-0325-1
[41]

Lauko A, Pellock SJ, Sumida KH, Anishchenko I, Juergens D, et al. 2025. Computational design of serine hydrolases. Science 388:eadu2454

doi: 10.1126/science.adu2454
[42]

Dai J, Fang Z, Zhu J, Zheng X, Zhan Q, et al. 2024. PpMYB10.1 regulates peach fruit starch degradation by activating PpBAM2. Planta 261:1

doi: 10.1007/s00425-024-04575-z
[43]

Liu M, Li M, Wang Y, Wang J, Miao H, et al. 2021. Transient virus-induced gene silencing of MaBAM9b efficiently suppressed starch degradation during postharvest banana fruit ripening. Plant Biotechnology Reports 15:527−536

doi: 10.1007/s11816-021-00695-0
[44]

Jiang G, Zhang D, Li Z, Liang H, Deng R, et al. 2021. Alternative splicing of MaMYB16L regulates starch degradation in banana fruit during ripening. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 63:1341−1352

doi: 10.1111/jipb.13088
[45]

Luo TT, Zhang H, Tan HK, Zhang LT, Wei W, et al. 2025. Two MYB transcription factors interact to inhibit the expression of cell wall metabolism and starch degradation genes in banana. Plant Physiology 198:kiaf239

doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiaf239
[46]

Song Z, Zhu X, Lai X, Chen H, Wang L, et al. 2023. MaBEL1 regulates banana fruit ripening by activating cell wall and starch degradation-related genes. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 65:2036−2055

doi: 10.1111/jipb.13506
[47]

Qin M, Yuan R, Shen W, Min T, Yao JL, et al. 2025. Transcription factor MdGTL1a accelerates starch degradation by promoting the MdBam8 expression in postharvest apple fruit. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 302:140600

doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.140600
[48]

Xiao Y, Li Y, Ouyang L, Yin A, Xu B, et al. 2022. A banana transcriptional repressor MaAP2a participates in fruit starch degradation during postharvest ripening. Frontiers in Plant Science 13:1036719

doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1036719
[49]

Zhang AD, Wang WQ, Tong Y, Li MJ, Grierson D, et al. 2018. Transcriptome analysis identifies a zinc finger protein regulating starch degradation in kiwifruit. Plant Physiology 178:850−863

doi: 10.1104/pp.18.00427
[50]

Wei W, Yang YY, Chen JY, Lakshmanan P, Kuang JF, et al. 2023. MaNAC029 modulates ethylene biosynthesis and fruit quality and undergoes MaXB3-mediated proteasomal degradation during banana ripening. Journal of Advanced Research 53:33−47

doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.12.004
[51]

Li A, Chen J, Lin Q, Zhao Y, Duan Y, et al. 2021. Transcription factor MdWRKY32 participates in starch–sugar metabolism by binding to the MdBam5 promoter in apples during postharvest storage. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 69:14906−14914

doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03343
[52]

Song Z, Li W, Lai X, Chen H, Wang L, et al. 2024. MaC2H2-IDD regulates fruit softening and involved in softening disorder induced by cold stress in banana. The Plant Journal 118:1937−1954

doi: 10.1111/tpj.16719
[53]

Kawa D, Meyer AJ, Dekker HL, Abd-El-Haliem AM, Gevaert K, et al. 2020. SnRK2 protein kinases and mRNA decapping machinery control root development and response to salt. Plant Physiology 182:361−377

doi: 10.1104/pp.19.00818
[54]

Bai J, Mao J, Yang H, Khan A, Fan A, et al. 2017. Sucrose non-ferment 1 related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) genes could mediate the stress responses in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). BMC Genetics 18:41

doi: 10.1186/s12863-017-0506-6
[55]

Nakashima K, Fujita Y, Kanamori N, Katagiri T, Umezawa T, et al. 2009. Three Arabidopsis SnRK2 protein kinases, SRK2D/SnRK2.2, SRK2E/SnRK2.6/OST1 and SRK2I/SnRK2.3, involved in ABA signaling are essential for the control of seed development and dormancy. Plant & Cell Physiology 50:1345−1363

doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcp083
[56]

Nam MH, Huh SM, Kim KM, Park WW, Seo JB, et al. 2012. Comparative proteomic analysis of early salt stress-responsive proteins in roots of SnRK2 transgenic rice. Proteome Science 10:25

doi: 10.1186/1477-5956-10-25
[57]

Paterson AH, Freeling M, Tang H, Wang X. 2010. Insights from the comparison of plant genome sequences. Annual Review of Plant Biology 61:349−372

doi: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042809-112235
[58]

Zhang M, Zhou X, Wang L, Liang X, Liu X, et al. 2025. A SnRK2-HAK regulatory module confers natural variation of salt tolerance in maize. Nature Communications 16:4026

doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-59332-x
[59]

Fujii H, Verslues PE, Zhu JK. 2007. Identification of two protein kinases required for abscisic acid regulation of seed germination, root growth, and gene expression in Arabidopsis. The Plant Cell 19:485−494

doi: 10.1105/tpc.106.048538
[60]

Wu Z, Cheng J, Hu F, Qin C, Xu X, et al. 2020. The SnRK2 family in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.): genome-wide identification and expression analyses during fruit development and under abiotic stress. Genes & Genomics 42:1117−1130

doi: 10.1007/s13258-020-00968-y
[61]

Saha J, Chatterjee C, Sengupta A, Gupta K, Gupta B. 2014. Genome-wide analysis and evolutionary study of sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) gene family members in Arabidopsis and Oryza. Computational Biology and Chemistry 49:59−70

doi: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2013.09.005
[62]

Dai Z, Li Y, Zhai C, Li J, Zeng Y, et al. 2025. A branched SNF1-related protein kinase 2 signalling cascade controls ABA-induced ethylene production and regulates both fruit ripening and reproductive growth. Plant Biotechnology Journal 24:2657−2672

doi: 10.1111/pbi.70501
[63]

Zhang H, Mao X, Wang C, Jing R. 2010. Overexpression of a common wheat gene TaSnRK2.8 enhances tolerance to drought, salt and low temperature in Arabidopsis. PLoS One 5:e16041

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016041
[64]

Ying S, Zhang DF, Li HY, Liu YH, Shi YS, et al. 2011. Cloning and characterization of a maize SnRK2 protein kinase gene confers enhanced salt tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. Plant Cell Reports 30:1683−1699

doi: 10.1007/s00299-011-1077-z
[65]

Liu J, Liu M, Wang J, Zhang J, Miao H, et al. 2021. Transcription factor MaMADS36 plays a central role in regulating banana fruit ripening. Journal of Experimental Botany 72:7078−7091

doi: 10.1093/jxb/erab341
[66]

Fan ZQ, Ba LJ, Shan W, Xiao YY, Lu WJ, et al. 2018. A banana R2R3-MYB transcription factor MaMYB3 is involved in fruit ripening through modulation of starch degradation by repressing starch degradation-related genes and MabHLH6. The Plant Journal 96:1191−1205

doi: 10.1111/tpj.14099