[1]

Lal R. 2004. Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global climate change and food security. Science 304(5677):1623−1627

doi: 10.1126/science.1097396
[2]

Friedlingstein P, O'Sullivan M, Jones MW, Andrew RM, Hauck J, et al. 2020. Global Carbon Budget 2020. Earth System Science Data 12(4):3269−3340

doi: 10.5194/essd-12-3269-2020
[3]

Schmidt MWI, Torn MS, Abiven S, Dittmar T, Guggenberger G, et al. 2011. Persistence of soil organic matter as an ecosystem property. Nature 478(7367):49−56

doi: 10.1038/nature10386
[4]

Wu J. 2011. Carbon accumulation in paddy ecosystems in subtropical China: evidence from landscape studies. European Journal of Soil Science 62(1):29−34

doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2389.2010.01325.x
[5]

Amin MN, Hossain MS, Lobry de Bruyn L, Wilson B. 2020. A systematic review of soil carbon management in Australia and the need for a social-ecological systems framework. Science of the Total Environment 719:135182

doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135182
[6]

Balasubramanian D, Zhou WJ, Ji HL, Grace J, Bai XL, et al. 2020. Environmental and management controls of soil carbon storage in grasslands of southwestern China. Journal of Environmental Management 254:109810

doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109810
[7]

Huang X, Jiang H, Li Y, Ma Y, Tang H, et al. 2016. The role of poorly crystalline iron oxides in the stability of soil aggregate-associated organic carbon in a rice-wheat cropping system. Geoderma 279:1−10

doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.05.011
[8]

Wissing L, Kölbl A, Häusler W, Schad P, Cao ZH, et al. 2013. Management-induced organic carbon accumulation in paddy soils: the role of organo-mineral associations. Soil and Tillage Research 126:60−71

doi: 10.1016/j.still.2012.08.004
[9]

Bao Y, Bolan NS, Lai J, Wang Y, Jin X, et al. 2022. Interactions between organic matter and Fe (hydr)oxides and their influences on immobilization and remobilization of metal(loid)s: a review. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 52(22):4016−4037

doi: 10.1080/10643389.2021.1974766
[10]

Huang X, Tang H, Kang W, Yu G, Ran W, et al. 2018. Redox interface-associated organo-mineral interactions: a mechanism for C sequestration under a rice-wheat cropping system. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 120:12−23

doi: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.01.031
[11]

Yang Z, Zeng X, Sun B, Su S, Wang Y, et al. 2021. Research advances on the fixation of soil heavy metals by iron oxide. Chinese Journal of Soil Science (China) 52(3):728−735

doi: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2020102801
[12]

Wang L, Qin L, Lv X, Jiang M, Zou Y. 2018. Progress in researches on effect of iron promoting accumulation of soil organic carbon. Acta Pedologica Sinica (China) 55(05):1041−1050

doi: 10.11766/trxb201802260035
[13]

Wang X, Yang Z, Liu X, Lin W, Yang Y, et al. 2016. Effects of different forms of Fe and Al oxides on soil aggregate stability in mid-subtropical mountainous area of southern China. Acta Ecologica Sinica (China) 36(9):2588−2596

doi: 10.5846/stxb201408021542
[14]

Jeewani PH, Gunina A, Tao L, Zhu Z, Kuzyakov Y, et al. 2020. Rusty sink of rhizodeposits and associated keystone microbiomes. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 147:107840

doi: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2020.107840
[15]

Tan W, Xu Y, Shi Z, Cai H, Huang Q. 2023. The formation process and stabilization mechanism of soil aggregates driven by binding materials. Acta Pedologica Sinica (China) 60(5):1297−1308

doi: 10.11766/trxb202308060312
[16]

Chen C, Dynes JJ, Wang J, Sparks DL. 2014. Properties of Fe-organic matter associations via coprecipitation versus adsorption. Environmental Science and Technology 48(23):13751−13759

doi: 10.1021/es503669u
[17]

Kramer MG, Chadwick OA. 2018. Climate-driven thresholds in reactive mineral retention of soil carbon at the global scale. Nature Climate Change 8(12):1104−1108

doi: 10.1038/s41558-018-0341-4
[18]

Jia N, Li L, Guo H, Xie M. 2024. Important role of Fe oxides in global soil carbon stabilization and stocks. Nature Communications 15(1):10318

doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-54832-8
[19]

Wagai R, Mayer LM. 2007. Sorptive stabilization of organic matter in soils by hydrous iron oxides. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 71(1):25−35

doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2006.08.047
[20]

Balabane M, Plante AF. 2004. Aggregation and carbon storage in silty soil using physical fractionation techniques. European Journal of Soil Science 55(2):415−427

doi: 10.1111/j.1351-0754.2004.0608.x
[21]

Huang W, Hall SJ. 2017. Elevated moisture stimulates carbon loss from mineral soils by releasing protected organic matter. Nature Communications 8:1774

doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-01998-z
[22]

Gao J, Huang J, Yang Z, Cao W, Zhang H, et al. 2020. Improving organic matter content and nitrogen supply stability of double cropping rice field through co-incorporation of green manure and rice straw. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers (China) 26(3):472−480

[23]

Elliott ET. 1986. Aggregate structure and carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in native and cultivated soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 50(3):627−633

doi: 10.2136/sssaj1986.03615995005000030017x
[24]

Cambardella CA, Elliott ET. 1993. Carbon and nitrogen distribution in aggregates from cultivated and native grassland soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 57(4):1071−1076

doi: 10.2136/sssaj1993.03615995005700040032x
[25]

Coward EK, Thompson AT, Plante AF. 2017. Iron-mediated mineralogical control of organic matter accumulation in tropical soils. Geoderma 306:206−216

doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.07.026
[26]

Chen Q, Li F, Peng Y, Liu Z, Wang M, et al. 2022. Effects of Qinghai-Tibet highway on soil dissolved organic carbon content and characteristics in grassland ecosystems along the route. Acta Agrestia Sinica (China) 30(8):2158−2166

doi: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2022.08.027
[27]

Six J, Elliott ET, Paustian K. 2000. Soil macroaggregate turnover and microaggregate formation: a mechanism for C sequestration under no-tillage agriculture. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 32(14):2099−2103

doi: 10.1016/s0038-0717(00)00179-6
[28]

Wang C, Pan Y, Zhang Z, Xiao R, Zhang M. 2021. Effect of straw decomposition on organic carbon fractions and aggregate stability in salt marshes. Science of the Total Environment 777:145852

doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145852
[29]

Liu X, Zhang C, Li X, Cheng S, Yan J, et al. 2026. Differences in soil organic carbon among soil layers caused by microbial necromass carbon accumulation under different tillage and carbon input regimes. Agricultural Ecologyand Environment 2:e009

doi: 10.48130/aee-0026-0006
[30]

de Moraes Sá JC, Lal R. 2009. Stratification ratio of soil organic matter pools as an indicator of carbon sequestration in a tillage chronosequence on a Brazilian Oxisol. Soil and Tillage Research 103(1):46−56

doi: 10.1016/j.still.2008.09.003
[31]

Li J, Yuan X, Ge L, Li Q, Li Z, et al. 2020. Rhizosphere effects promote soil aggregate stability and associated organic carbon sequestration in rocky areas of desertification. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 304:107126

doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2020.107126
[32]

Smith DR, Jarvie HP, Harmel RD, Haney RL. 2019. The role of field scale management on soil and surface runoff C/N/P stoichiometry. Journal of Environmental Quality 48(5):1543−1548

doi: 10.2134/jeq2018.09.0338
[33]

Puget P, Chenu C, Balesdent J. 2000. Dynamics of soil organic matter associated with particle-size fractions of water-stable aggregates. European Journal of Soil Science 51(4):595−605

doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2389.2000.00353.x
[34]

Gan Y, Xu Y, Zhou F, Geng M, Huang L. 2022. Effects of Chinese milk vetch incorporation and nitrogen reduction on different forms of Fe and Mn in aggregates of paddy soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers (China) 28(7):1238−1248

doi: 10.11674/zwyf.2021535
[35]

Li Y, Wang CC, Zou C, Zhao Y, Wei P, et al. 2025. Effects of iron/aluminum mineral phases on soil organic carbon storage in different clay soils of subtropical acidic forests. Catena 252:108853

doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2025.108853
[36]

Dixit S, Hering JG. 2003. Comparison of arsenic(V) and arsenic(III) sorption onto iron oxide minerals: implications for arsenic mobility. Environmental Science & Technology 37(18):4182−4189

doi: 10.1021/es030309t
[37]

Li Q, Li L, Du H, Lin X, Hu W, et al. 2024. Soil conditioners promote the formation of Fe-bound organic carbon and its stability. Journal of Environmental Management 349:119480

doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119480
[38]

Hu W, Li Q, Wang W, Lin X, He Z, et al. 2024. Straw mulching decreased the contribution of Fe-bound organic carbon to soil organic carbon in a banana orchard. Applied Soil Ecology 194:105207

doi: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2023.105177
[39]

Sokolova TA. 2020. Low-molecular-weight organic acids in soils: sources, composition, concentrations, and functions: a review. Eurasian Soil Science 53(5):580−594

doi: 10.1134/s1064229320050154
[40]

Chen C, Hall SJ, Coward E, Thompson A. 2020. Iron-mediated organic matter decomposition in humid soils can counteract protection. Nature Communications 11(1):2255

doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-16071-5
[41]

Song X, Wang P, Van Zwieten L, Bolan N, Wang H, et al. 2022. Towards a better understanding of the role of Fe cycling in soil for carbon stabilization and degradation. Carbon Research 1(1):5

doi: 10.1007/s44246-022-00008-2
[42]

Wagai R, Mayer LM, Kitayama K, Shirato Y. 2013. Association of organic matter with iron and aluminum across a range of soils determined via selective dissolution techniques coupled with dissolved nitrogen analysis. Biogeochemistry 112(1):95−109

doi: 10.1007/s10533-011-9652-5
[43]

Yu G, Xiao J, Hu S, Polizzotto ML, Zhao F, et al. 2017. Mineral availability as a key regulator of soil carbon storage. Environmental science & technology 51(9):4960−4969

doi: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00305
[44]

Coward EK, Ohno T, Plante AF. 2018. Adsorption and molecular fractionation of dissolved organic matter on iron-bearing mineral matrices of varying crystallinity. Environmental Science & Technology 52(3):1036−1044

doi: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04953
[45]

Dick DP, Nunes Gonçalves C, Dalmolin RSD, Knicker H, Klamt E, et al. 2005. Characteristics of soil organic matter of different Brazilian Ferralsols under native vegetation as a function of soil depth. Geoderma 124(3−4):319−333

doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.05.008
[46]

Wu D, Wu L, Liu K, Shang J, Zhang W. 2024. Contrasting effects of iron oxides on soil organic carbon accumulation in paddy and upland fields under long-term fertilization. Journal of Environmental Management 369:122286

doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122286
[47]

Sun Y, Wang H, Jia W, Ren K, Li B, et al. 2025. Straw humification coefficient and its relation to soil carbon and nitrogen status. Journal of Environmental Management 393:127112

doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.127112