| [1] |
Ozturk Sarikaya SB. 2015. Acethylcholinesterase inhibitory potential and antioxidant properties of pyrogallol. |
| [2] |
Shin M, Park E, Lee H. 2019. Plant-inspired pyrogallol-containing functional materials. |
| [3] |
Nasr B, Hsen T, Abdellatif G. 2009. Electrochemical treatment of aqueous wastes containing pyrogallol by BDD-anodic oxidation. |
| [4] |
Ahmaruzzaman M, Mishra SR, Gadore V, Yadav G, Roy S, et al. 2024. Phenolic compounds in water: from toxicity and source to sustainable solutions – an integrated review of removal methods, advanced technologies, cost analysis, and future prospects. |
| [5] |
Wang J, Liu Q, Feng J, Lv J, Xie S. 2016. Photosynthesis inhibition of pyrogallol against the bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa TY001. |
| [6] |
Wang J, Liu Q, Feng J, Lv J, Xie S. 2016. Effect of high-doses pyrogallol on oxidative damage, transcriptional responses and microcystins synthesis in Microcystis aeruginosa TY001 (Cyanobacteria). |
| [7] |
Shao J, Wu Z, Yu G, Peng X, Li R. 2009. Allelopathic mechanism of pyrogallol to Microcystis aeruginosa PCC7806 (Cyanobacteria): from views of gene expression and antioxidant system. |
| [8] |
Upadhyay G, Kumar A, Singh MP. 2007. Effect of silymarin on pyrogallol-and rifampicin-induced hepatotoxicity in mouse. |
| [9] |
Kim KH, Kabir E, Jahan SA. 2016. The use of personal hair dye and its implications for human health. |
| [10] |
Yang CJ, Wang CS, Hung JY, Huang HW, Chia YC, et al. 2009. Pyrogallol induces G2-M arrest in human lung cancer cells and inhibits tumor growth in an animal model. |
| [11] |
Park WH, Han YH, Kim SH, Kim SZ. 2007. Pyrogallol, ROS generator inhibits As4.1 juxtaglomerular cells via cell cycle arrest of G2 phase and apoptosis. |
| [12] |
Park WH. 2016. Pyrogallol induces the death of human pulmonary fibroblast cells through ROS increase and GSH depletion. |
| [13] |
Hamed M, Martyniuk CJ, Said REM, Soliman HAM, Badrey AEA, et al. 2023. Exposure to pyrogallol impacts the hemato-biochemical endpoints in catfish (Clarias gariepinus). |
| [14] |
Hamed M, Said REM, Soliman HAM, Osman AGM, Martyniuk CJ. 2024. Immunotoxicological, histopathological, and ultrastructural effects of waterborne pyrogallol exposure on African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). |
| [15] |
Hamed M, Soliman HAM, Said REM, Martyniuk CJ, Osman AGM, et al. 2024. Oxidative stress, antioxidant defense responses, and histopathology: biomarkers for monitoring exposure to pyrogallol in Clarias gariepinus. |
| [16] |
Hamed M, Martyniuk CJ, Soliman HAM, Osman AGM, Said REM. 2024. Neurotoxic and cardiotoxic effects of pyrogallol on catfish (Clarias gariepinus). |
| [17] |
Hamed M, Said REM, Shaalan WM, Elbaghdady HAM, Sayed AEH. 2025. Immunological, neurological, and intestinal changes in red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) exposed to the combined toxicity of pyrogallol and microplastics. |
| [18] |
Kelly-Hunt AE, Mehan A, Brooks S, Leanca MA, McKay JED, et al. 2021. Synthesis and analytical characterization of purpurogallin: a pharmacologically active constituent of oak galls. |
| [19] |
Omoruyi F, Sparks J, Stennett D, Dilworth L. 2020. Superoxide dismutase as a measure of antioxidant status and its application to diabetes. In Diabetes, 2nd edition. ed. Preedy VR. Amsterdam: Elsevier. pp. 409−417 doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-815776-3.00041-3 |
| [20] |
Marklund S, Marklund G. 1974. Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the autoxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. |
| [21] |
Gaikwad KK, Singh S, Lee YS. 2017. A new pyrogallol coated oxygen scavenging film and their effect on oxidative stability of soybean oil under different storage conditions. |
| [22] |
Fiege H, Voges HW, Hamamoto T, Umemura S, Iwata T, et al. 2000. Phenol derivatives. In Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. doi: 10.1002/14356007.a19_313 |
| [23] |
Buzbee LR. 1966. Rearranged products from the reaction of benzenesulfonic acids with caustic. |
| [24] |
Berndt W, Bergfeld W, Boutwell R, Carlton W, Hoffmann D, et al. 1991. Final report on the safety assessment of pyrogallol. |
| [25] |
Yoshida H, Yamada H. 1985. Microbial production of pyrogallol through decarboxylation of gallic acid. |
| [26] |
Nakai S, Inoue Y, Hosomi M. 2001. Algal growth inhibition effects and inducement modes by plant-producing phenols. |
| [27] |
Thiébaut G, Thouvenot L, Rodríguez-Pérez H. 2018. Allelopathic effect of the invasive Ludwigia hexapetala on growth of three macrophyte species. |
| [28] |
Khwaja H, Aburizaiza O, Hershey D, Siddique A, David E, et al. 2015. Study of black sand particles from sand dunes in Badr, Saudi Arabia using electron microscopy. |
| [29] |
Kambourakis S, Draths KM, Frost JW. 2000. Synthesis of gallic acid and pyrogallol from glucose: replacing natural product isolation with microbial catalysis. |
| [30] |
Siqueira JO, Nair MG, Hammerschmidt R, Safir GR, Putnam AR. 1991. Significance of phenolic compounds in plant-soil-microbial systems. |
| [31] |
Singh Arora D, Kumar Sharma R. 2010. Ligninolytic fungal laccases and their biotechnological applications. |
| [32] |
Avase SA, Srivastava S, Vishal K, Ashok HV, Varghese G. 2015. Effect of pyrogallol as an antioxidant on the performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel derived from waste cooking oil. |
| [33] |
Cooksey RC, Gaitan E, Lindsay RH, Hill JB, Kelly K. 1985. Humic substances, a possible source of environmental goitrogens. |
| [34] |
Upadhyay G, Gupta SP, Prakash O, Singh MP. 2010. Pyrogallol-mediated toxicity and natural antioxidants: triumphs and pitfalls of preclinical findings and their translational limitations. |
| [35] |
Zupanovich J, Sepelak D, Neil L, Sinha R. 1987. Method of inhibiting boiler corrosion and compositions for it. European Patent Application EP0215655A1. |
| [36] |
Wang J, Shen X, Yuan Q, Yan Y. 2018. Microbial synthesis of pyrogallol using genetically engineered Escherichia coli. |
| [37] |
Rao H, Dai Y, Ge H, Liu X, Chen B, et al. 2017. Visual and fluorescence detection of pyrogallol based on a ratiometric fluorescence-enzyme system. |
| [38] |
Rajkumar C, Kim H. 2022. An amperometric electrochemical sensor based on hierarchical dual-microporous structure polypyrrole nanoparticles for determination of pyrogallol in the aquatic environmental samples. |
| [39] |
Mansour SE, Negim E, Hasieb I, Asfor M, Kozhamzharova A, et al. 2013. Removal of pyrogallol from drinking water by alternating current electrocoagulation technique. World Applied Sciences Journal 23:664−669 |
| [40] |
Hamed M, Abdelmoneim A. 2025. Pyrogallol-mediated acute, developmental, and neurobehavioral alterations investigated using larval zebrafish. |
| [41] |
Förstner U. 1989. Contaminated Sediments: Lectures on Environmental Aspects of Particle-Associated Chemicals in Aquatic Systems. Springer. www.researchgate.net/publication/255702352_Contaminated_Sediments_-_Lectures_on_Environmental_Aspects_of_Particle-Associated_Chemicals_in_Aquatic_Systems#fullTextFileContent |
| [42] |
Takemura Y, Wang DH, Sauriasari R, Horita M, Tsutsui K, et al. 2010. Evaluation of pyrogallol-induced cytotoxicity in catalase-mutant Escherichia coli and mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium. |
| [43] |
Abirami G, Alexpandi R, Sudhin S, Durgadevi R, Roshni PS, et al. 2023. Pyrogallol downregulates the expression of virulence-associated proteins in Acinetobacter baumannii and showing anti-infection activity by improving non-specific immune response in zebrafish model. |
| [44] |
Badhani B, Sharma N, Kakkar R. 2015. Gallic acid: a versatile antioxidant with promising therapeutic and industrial applications. |
| [45] |
Lu Z, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Liu B, Sun X, et al. 2016. Effects of pyrogallic acid on Microcystis aeruginosa: oxidative stress related toxicity. |
| [46] |
Roese KHC, Torlone C, Cooper LA, Esposito L, Deveau AM, et al. 2023. Pyrogallol impairs staphylococcal biofilm formation via induction of bacterial oxidative stress. |
| [47] |
Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC. 2015. Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198717478.001.0001 |
| [48] |
Bolton JL, Trush MA, Penning TM, Dryhurst G, Monks TJ. 2000. Role of quinones in toxicology. |
| [49] |
Kim HS, Lee K, Kang KA, Lee NH, Hyun JW, et al. 2012. Phloroglucinol exerts protective effects against oxidative stress–induced cell damage in SH-SY5Y cells. |
| [50] |
Quéguineur B, Goya L, Ramos S, Martín MA, Mateos R, et al. 2012. Phloroglucinol: antioxidant properties and effects on cellular oxidative markers in human HepG2 cell line. |
| [51] |
Rubin BS. 2011. Bisphenol A: an endocrine disruptor with widespread exposure and multiple effects. |
| [52] |
Rochester JR. 2013. Bisphenol A and human health: a review of the literature. |
| [53] |
Kumar S, Abedin MM, Singh AK, Das S. 2020. Role of phenolic compounds in plant-defensive mechanisms. |
| [54] |
Lu GH, Ji Y, Zhang HZ, Wu H, Qin J, et al. 2010. Active biomonitoring of complex pollution in Taihu Lake with Carassius auratus. |
| [55] |
GYS Mtui GYS. 2007. Characteristics and dyes biodegradation potential of crude lignolytic enzymes from white-rot fungus Crepidotus variabilis isolated in coastal Tanzania. |
| [56] |
Menaa F, Wijesinghe PAUI, Thiripuranathar G, Uzair B, Iqbal H, et al. 2020. Ecological and industrial implications of dynamic seaweed-associated microbiota interactions. |
| [57] |
Feng G, Han K, Yang Q, Feng W, Guo J, et al. 2022. Interaction of pyrogallol-containing polyphenols with mucin reinforces intestinal mucus barrier properties. |
| [58] |
Hasheesh WSF, Mohamed HA, Sayed SSM, Abu El-Khair RMF. 2020. Reproductive and developmental alterations in Biomphalaria alexandrina snails exposed to three phenolic compounds. |
| [59] |
Xu W, Hu W, Zhang D, Ran Y, Zhang T. 2011. Toxic effects of pyrogallol to three different aquatic organisms. |
| [60] |
Ananthakrishnan T, Annadurai R, Senrayan R, Murugesan S. 1990. Differential impact of tannic acid and pyrogallol on nutrition and reproduction of two co-existing pests, Heliothis armigera (Hubner) and Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Phytophaga 3:55−70 |
| [61] |
Nivsarkar M, Kumar GP, Laloraya M, Laloraya MM. 1991. Superoxide dismutase in the anal gills of the mosquito larvae of Aedes aegypti: its inhibition by α-terthienyl. |
| [62] |
Pizzino G, Irrera N, Cucinotta M, Pallio G, Mannino F, et al. 2017. Oxidative stress: harms and benefits for human health. |
| [63] |
Techer D, Milla S, Fontaine P, Viot S, Thomas M. 2015. Acute toxicity and sublethal effects of gallic and pelargonic acids on the zebrafish Danio rerio. |
| [64] |
Badmus JA, Oyemomi SA, Adedosu OT, Yekeen TA, Azeez MA, et al. 2020. Photo-assisted bio-fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Annona muricata leaf extract: exploring the antioxidant, anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities. |
| [65] |
Abdel Rahman AN, Mansour DA, Abd El-Rahman GI, Elseddawy NM, Zaglool AW, et al. 2022. Imidacloprid toxicity in Clarias gariepinus: protective role of dietary Hyphaene thebaica against biochemical and histopathological disruption, oxidative stress, immune genes expressions, and Aeromonas sobria infection. |
| [66] |
Sayed AEH, Hamed HS. 2017. Induction of apoptosis and DNA damage by 4-nonylphenol in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and the antioxidant role of Cydonia oblonga. |
| [67] |
Ma J, Li X. 2015. Alteration in the cytokine levels and histopathological damage in common carp induced by glyphosate. |
| [68] |
Said REM, Abd-ElRaouf MH, Moustafa MA, Badrey AEA. 2023. Hemato-serological findings as early signals in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus treated with benzalkonium chloride. |
| [69] |
Hamed M, Said REM, Kotob MH, Sayed AEH. 2025. Botanical remedies ameliorate oxidative stress, immune response, and histopathology in Clarias gariepinus exposed to pyrogallol. |
| [70] |
Said REM, Hamed M, Shaalan WM, Elbaghdady HAM, Sayed AEH. 2025. Exploring the coexposure effects of pyrogallol and microplastic on the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii. |
| [71] |
Halmagyi DFJ, Starzecki B, Horner GJ. 1963. Effect of pyrogallol on the lung. |
| [72] |
Mercado-Feliciano M, Herbert RA, Wyde ME, Gerken DK, Hejtmancik MR, et al. 2013. Pyrogallol-associated dermal toxicity and carcinogenicity in F344/N rats and B6C3F1/N mice. |
| [73] |
Li S, Tan HY, Wang N, Zhang ZJ, Lao L, et al. 2015. The role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in liver diseases. |
| [74] |
Kosuru RY, Aashique M, Fathima A, Roy A, Bera S. 2018. Revealing the dual role of gallic acid in modulating ampicillin sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. |
| [75] |
Matić S, Stanić S, Bogojević D, Vidaković M, Grdović N, et al. 2013. Methanol extract from the stem of Cotinus coggygria Scop., and its major bioactive phytochemical constituent myricetin modulate pyrogallol-induced DNA damage and liver injury. |
| [76] |
Matić S, Stanić S, Bogojević D, Vidaković M, Grdović N, et al. 2011. Extract of the plant Cotinus coggygria Scop. attenuates pyrogallol-induced hepatic oxidative stress in Wistar rats. |
| [77] |
Brimijoin S, Hammond P, Khraibi AA, Tyce GM. 1994. Catecholamine release and excretion in rats with immunologically induced preganglionic sympathectomy. |
| [78] |
Gupta YK, Sharma M, Chaudhary G. 2002. Pyrogallol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats: a model to evaluate antioxidant hepatoprotective agents. |
| [79] |
Velásquez-Jiménez D, Corella-Salazar DA, Zuñiga-Martínez BS, Domínguez-Avila JA, Montiel-Herrera M, et al. 2021. Phenolic compounds that cross the blood–brain barrier exert positive health effects as central nervous system antioxidants. |
| [80] |
Galati G, O'brien PJ. 2004. Potential toxicity of flavonoids and other dietary phenolics: significance for their chemopreventive and anticancer properties. |
| [81] |
Waghorn GC, McNabb WC. 2003. Consequences of plant phenolic compounds for productivity and health of ruminants. |
| [82] |
Kim YJ, Kim HY, Lee JD, Kim HY, Im JE, et al. 2022. Analytical method development and dermal absorption of pyrogallol, a hair dye ingredient. |
| [83] |
Nicolis E, Lampronti I, Dechecchi MC, Borgatti M, Tamanini A, et al. 2008. Pyrogallol, an active compound from the medicinal plant Emblica officinalis, regulates expression of pro-inflammatory genes in bronchial epithelial cells. |
| [84] |
Chait A, den Hartigh LJ. 2020. Adipose tissue distribution, inflammation and its metabolic consequences, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. |
| [85] |
Miyazaki K, Arai S, Iwamoto T, Takasaki M, Tomoda A. 2004. Metabolism of pyrogallol to purpurogallin by human erythrocytic hemoglobin. |
| [86] |
Ancuceanu R, Dinu M, Dinu-Pirvu C, Anuţa V, Negulescu V. 2019. Pharmacokinetics of B-ring unsubstituted flavones. |