doi:10.48130/mpb-0026-0010

[1]

Alami MM, Guo S, Mei Z, Yang G, Wang X. 2024. Environmental factors on secondary metabolism in medicinal plants: exploring accelerating factors. Medicinal Plant Biology 3:e016

doi: 10.48130/mpb-0024-0016

[2]

Yuan Y, Huang L. 2020. Molecular pharmacognosy in daodi herbs. Chinese Science Bulletin 65:1093−1102

doi: 10.1360/tb-2020-0184

[3]

Ye C, Fang HY, Liu HJ, Yang M, Zhu SS. 2019. Current status of soil sickness research on Panax notoginseng in Yunnan, China. Allelopathy Journal 47:1−14

doi: 10.26651/allelo.j/2019-47-1-1149

[4]

Wei B, Yu J, Cao Z, Meng M, Yang L, et al. 2020. The availability and accumulation of heavy metals in greenhouse soils associated with intensive fertilizer application. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17:5359

doi: 10.3390/ijerph17155359

[5]

Awadelkareem W, Haroun M, Wang J, Qian X. 2023. Nitrogen interactions cause soil degradation in greenhouses: their relationship to soil preservation in China. Horticulturae 9:340

doi: 10.3390/horticulturae9030340

[6]

Santos MS, Nogueira MA, Hungria M. 2019. Microbial inoculants: reviewing the past, discussing the present and previewing an outstanding future for the use of beneficial bacteria in agriculture. AMB Express 9:205

doi: 10.1186/s13568-019-0932-0

[7]

Lee S, Kim YK, Nie H, Ahn J, Kim N, et al. 2025. Functional characterization of a novel plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium enhancing root growth and salt stress tolerance. Scientific Reports 15:30405

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-14065-1

[8]

Zeeshan Ul Haq M, Yu J, Yao G, Yang H, Iqbal HA, et al. 2023. A systematic review on the continuous cropping obstacles and control strategies in medicinal plants. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24:12470

doi: 10.3390/ijms241512470

[9]

Chandra KK. 2020. Biomass yield, nutrient uptake and chemical constituents of Withania somnifera (L.) dunal and adhatoda vasica nees medicinal valued species influenced by microbial inoculation. Plant Archives 20:2061−2069

[10]

Wang Z, Xu Z, Chen Z, Kowalchuk GA, Fu X, et al. 2021. Microbial inoculants modulate growth traits, nutrients acquisition and bioactive compounds accumulation of Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja under degraded field condition. Forest Ecology and Management 482:118897

doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118897

[11]

Wu YH, Qin Y, Cai QQ, Liu M, He DM, et al. 2023. Effect the accumulation of bioactive constituents of a medicinal plant (Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bge.) by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community. BMC Plant Biology 23:597

doi: 10.1186/s12870-023-04608-x

[12]

Zhang Z, Wang Y, Zhao J, Chen G, Turatsinze AN, et al. 2026. Functionally complementary bacterial inoculant coordinates arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to improve Angelica sinensis root yield and quality. iMetaOmics 3:e70091

doi: 10.1002/imo2.70091

[13]

Kashyap AS, Manzar N, Meshram S, Sharma PK. 2023. Screening microbial inoculants and their interventions for cross-kingdom management of wilt disease of solanaceous crops- a step toward sustainable agriculture. Frontiers in Microbiology 14:1174532

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1174532

[14]

Adesemoye AO, Kloepper JW. 2009. Plant–microbes interactions in enhanced fertilizer-use efficiency. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 85:1−12

doi: 10.1007/s00253-009-2196-0

[15]

Wang G, Ren Y, Bai X, Su Y, Han J. 2022. Contributions of beneficial microorganisms in soil remediation and quality improvement of medicinal plants. Plants 11:3200

doi: 10.3390/plants11233200

[16]

Karnwal A, Kumar G, El Din Mahmoud A, Dutta J, Singh R, et al. 2025. Eco-engineered remediation: microbial and rhizosphere-based strategies for heavy metal detoxification. Current Research in Biotechnology 9:100297

doi: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2025.100297

[17]

Pan L, Cai B. 2023. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria: advances in their physiology, molecular mechanisms and microbial community effects. Microorganisms 11:2904

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11122904

[18]

Sharma SB, Sayyed RZ, Trivedi MH, Gobi TA. 2013. Phosphate solubilizing microbes: sustainable approach for managing phosphorus deficiency in agricultural soils. SpringerPlus 2:587

doi: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-587

[19]

Wang YJ, Hu BA, Chen JX, Xu LT, Yao L, et al. 2023. Screening and identification of two potassium solubilizer strains and their effects on the yield and quality of alfalfa. Acta Prataculturae Sinica 32:139−149 (in Chinese)

doi: 10.11686/cyxb2023036

[20]

Wu X, Zhao Z, Zhao Z, Zhang Y, Li M, et al. 2023. Analysis of the potassium-solubilizing Priestia megaterium strain NK851 and its potassium feldspar-binding proteins. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24:14226

doi: 10.3390/ijms241814226

[21]

Han AQ, Chen SB, Zhang DD, Liu J, Zhang MC, et al. 2025. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and nutrient uptake in wheat under low potassium stress. Plants 14:1288

doi: 10.3390/plants14091288

[22]

de Souza R, Ambrosini A, Passaglia LMP. 2015. Plant growth-promoting bacteria as inoculants in agricultural soils. Genetics and Molecular Biology 38:401−419

doi: 10.1590/S1415-475738420150053

[23]

Singh RP, Shelke GM, Kumar A, Jha PN. 2015. Biochemistry and genetics of ACC deaminase: a weapon to "stress ethylene" produced in plants. Frontiers in Microbiology 6:937

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00937

[24]

Thambugala KM, Daranagama DA, Phillips AJL, Kannangara SD, Promputtha I. 2020. Fungi vs. fungi in biocontrol: an overview of fungal antagonists applied against fungal plant pathogens. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology 10:604923

doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.604923

[25]

Mukherjee PK, Mendoza-Mendoza A, Zeilinger S, Horwitz BA. 2022. Mycoparasitism as a mechanism of Trichoderma-mediated suppression of plant diseases. Fungal Biology Reviews 39:15−33

doi: 10.1016/j.fbr.2021.11.004

[26]

Wahab A, Muhammad M, Munir A, Abdi G, Zaman W, et al. 2023. Role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in regulating growth, enhancing productivity, and potentially influencing ecosystems under abiotic and biotic stresses. Plants 12:3102

doi: 10.3390/plants12173102

[27]

Boorboori MR, Lackóová L. 2025. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and salinity stress mitigation in plants. Frontiers in Plant Science 15:1504970

doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1504970

[28]

Abdallah MM, Suo C, Cui Y, Ullah RH, Nhung HH, et al. 2026. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as integrative modulators of plant tolerance to drought, salinity, and heavy metal stress: mechanistic insights and future directions. Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 24:100636

doi: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2025.100636

[29]

Zhang H, Kim MS, Sun Y, Dowd SE, Shi H, et al. 2008. Soil bacteria confer plant salt tolerance by tissue-specific regulation of the sodium transporter HKT1. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 21:737−744

doi: 10.1094/MPMI-21-6-0737

[30]

Mukhtar T, Rehman SU, Smith D, Sultan T, Seleiman MF, et al. 2020. Mitigation of heat stress in Solanum lycopersicum L. by ACC-deaminase and exopolysaccharide producing Bacillus cereus: effects on biochemical profiling. Sustainability 12:2159

doi: 10.3390/su12062159

[31]

García-López JV, Redondo-Gómez S, Flores-Duarte NJ, Rodríguez-Llorente ID, Pajuelo E, et al. 2024. PGPR-based biofertilizer modulates strawberry photosynthetic apparatus tolerance responses by severe drought, soil salinization and short extreme heat event. Plant Stress 12:100448

doi: 10.1016/j.stress.2024.100448

[32]

Farooq MA, Ayyaz A, Zou HX, Zhou W, Hannan F, et al. 2024. Jasmonic acid mediates Ca²⁺ dependent signal transduction and plant immunity. Plant Science 348:112239

doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112239

[33]

Zhou Y, Singh SK, Patra B, Liu Y, Pattanaik S, et al. 2025. Mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated regulation of plant specialized metabolism. Journal of Experimental Botany 76:262−276

doi: 10.1093/jxb/erae400

[34]

Sheard LB, Tan X, Mao H, Withers J, Ben-Nissan G, et al. 2010. Jasmonate perception by inositol-phosphate-potentiated COI1–JAZ co-receptor. Nature 468:400−405

doi: 10.1038/nature09430

[35]

Chini A, Boter M, Solano R. 2009. Plant oxylipins: COI1/JAZs/MYC2 as the core jasmonic acid-signalling module. The FEBS Journal 276:4682−4692

doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07194.x

[36]

Zhou H, Jiang M, Li J, Xu Y, Li C, et al. 2024. Genome-wide identification and functional analysis of Salvia miltiorrhiza microRNAs reveal the negative regulatory role of smi-miR159a in phenolic acid biosynthesis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25:5148

doi: 10.3390/ijms25105148

[37]

Song X, Wu H, Yin Z, Lian M, Yin C. 2017. Endophytic bacteria isolated from Panax ginseng improves ginsenoside accumulation in adventitious ginseng root culture. Molecules 22:837

doi: 10.3390/molecules22060837

[38]

Ryu CM, Farag MA, Hu CH, Reddy MS, Kloepper JW, et al. 2004. Bacterial volatiles induce systemic resistance in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology 134:1017−1026

doi: 10.1104/pp.103.026583

[39]

Kang JP, Huo Y, Yang DU, Yang DC. 2021. Influence of the plant growth promoting Rhizobium panacihumi on aluminum resistance in Panax ginseng. Journal of Ginseng Research 45:442−449

doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2020.01.001

[40]

Zhu N, Meng T, Li S, Yu C, Tang D, et al. 2022. Improved growth and metabolite accumulation in Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. by inoculation with the endophytic Geobacillu sp. RHBA19 and Pseudomonas fluorescens RHBA17. Journal of Plant Physiology 274:153718

doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153718

[41]

Kim SJ, Eo JK, Lee EH, Park H, Eom AH. 2017. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and soil conditions on crop plant growth. Mycobiology 45:20−24

doi: 10.5941/MYCO.2017.45.1.20

[42]

Egamberdieva D, Teixeira da Silva JA. 2015. Medicinal plants and PGPR: a new frontier for phytochemicals. In Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Medicinal Plants, eds. Egamberdieva D, Shrivastava S, Varma A. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 287−303 doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-13401-7_14

[43]

Sharma K, Verma R, Kumar D, Kumar V. 2024. Impact of Irpex lenis and Schizophyllum commune endophytic fungi on Perilla frutescens: enhancing nutritional uptake, phytochemicals, and antioxidant potential. Microbial Cell Factories 23:226

doi: 10.1186/s12934-024-02491-1

[44]

Todorova S, Kozhuharova L. 2010. Characteristics and antimicrobial activity of Bacillus subtilis strains isolated from soil. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 26:1207−1216

doi: 10.1007/s11274-009-0290-1

[45]

Choudaker KR, Singh VK, Kashyap AS, Patel AV, Sameriya KK, et al. 2024. Evaluating the efficacy of microbial antagonists in inducing resistance, promoting growth, and providing biological control against powdery mildew in wheat. Frontiers in Microbiology 15:1419547

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1419547

[46]

Bao L, Liu Y, Ding Y, Shang J, Wei Y, et al. 2022. Interactions between phenolic acids and microorganisms in rhizospheric soil from continuous cropping of Panax notoginseng. Frontiers in Microbiology 13:791603

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.791603

[47]

Wang X, Wang Q, Li W, Zhang D, Fang W, et al. 2023. Long-term effects of chloropicrin fumigation on soil microbe recovery and growth promotion of Panax notoginseng. Frontiers in Microbiology 14:1225944

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1225944

[48]

Zhang T, Xu Z, Wang Y, Gao Q. 2024. Effects of soil properties and microbial community composition on ginsenosides accumulation in farmland ginseng. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 12:1462342

doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1462342

[49]

Li X, Wang J, Shen H, Xing C, Kong L, et al. 2024. Biocontrol and growth promotion potential of Bacillus velezensis NT35 on Panax ginseng based on the multifunctional effect. Frontiers in Microbiology 15:1447488

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1447488

[50]

Lin Y, Zhang H, Li P, Jin J, Li Z. 2022. The bacterial consortia promote plant growth and secondary metabolite accumulation in Astragalus mongholicus under drought stress. BMC Plant Biology 22:475

doi: 10.1186/s12870-022-03859-4

[51]

Chen H, Wu H, Yan B, Zhao H, Liu F, et al. 2018. Core microbiome of medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza seed: a rich reservoir of beneficial microbes for secondary metabolism? International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19:672

doi: 10.3390/ijms19030672

[52]

Chen HM, Wu HX, He XY, Zhang HH, Miao F, et al. 2020. Promoting tanshinone synthesis of Salvia miltiorrhiza root by a seed endophytic fungus, Phoma herbarum D603. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 45:65−71 (in Chinese)

doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20191113.101

[53]

Singh A, Gupta R, Srivastava M, Gupta MM, Pandey R. 2016. Microbial secondary metabolites ameliorate growth, in planta contents and lignification in Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants 22:253−260

doi: 10.1007/s12298-016-0359-x

[54]

Wu X, Yang Y, Zhang H. 2023. Microbial fortification of pharmacological metabolites in medicinal plants. Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal 21:5066−5072

doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.10.024

[55]

Schmidt R, Köberl M, Mostafa A, Ramadan EM, Monschein M, et al. 2014. Effects of bacterial inoculants on the indigenous microbiome and secondary metabolites of chamomile plants. Frontiers in Microbiology 5:64

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00064

[56]

Katiyar D, Kumar S, Singh N. 2020. Effect of Rhizobium and PSB inoculation on growth, yield attributes and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). International Journal of Chemical Studies 8:3729−3734

doi: 10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i4au.10226

[57]

Kavusi E, Shahi Khalaf Ansar B, Dehghanian Z, Asgari Lajayer B, Nobaharan K, et al. 2023. Delivery of beneficial microbes via seed coating for medicinal and aromatic plant production: a critical review. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 42:575−597

doi: 10.1007/s00344-022-10597-2

[58]

Yang JR, Dai D, Chen JF, Wu X, Liu XL, et al. 2023. Insight into recent studies on the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in shaping plant community assembly and maintaining rare species. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology 47:745−755

doi: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0373

[59]

Alfiky A, Weisskopf L. 2021. Deciphering Trichoderma–plant–pathogen interactions for better development of biocontrol applications. Journal of Fungi 7:61

doi: 10.3390/jof7010061

[60]

Malusá E, Sas-Paszt L, Ciesielska J. 2012. Technologies for beneficial microorganisms inocula used as biofertilizers. The Scientific World Journal 2012:491206

doi: 10.1100/2012/491206

[61]

Khan A, Singh AV, Gautam SS, Agarwal A, Punetha A, et al. 2023. Microbial bioformulation: a microbial assisted biostimulating fertilization technique for sustainable agriculture. Frontiers in Plant Science 14:1270039

doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1270039

[62]

Zago SL, dos Santos MF, Konrad D, Fiorini A, Rosado FR, et al. 2019. Shelf life of Azospirillum brasilense in alginate beads enriched with trehalose and humic acid. Journal of Agricultural Science 11:269−269

doi: 10.5539/jas.v11n6p269

[63]

Aloo BN, Mbega ER, Makumba BA, Tumuhairwe JB. 2022. Effects of carrier materials and storage temperatures on the viability and stability of three biofertilizer inoculants obtained from potato (Solanum tuberosum L. ) rhizosphere. Agriculture 12:140

doi: 10.3390/agriculture12020140

[64]

Rupaedah B, Novella I, Noviyanti AR, Eddy DR, Safarrida A, et al. 2025. Synthesis and the impact of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on the viability and activity of rhizobacteria. Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 16:216−228

doi: 10.3762/bjnano.16.17

[65]

Vincze É-B, Becze A, Laslo É, Mara G. 2024. Beneficial soil microbiomes and their potential role in plant growth and soil fertility. Agriculture 14:152

doi: 10.3390/agriculture14010152

[66]

Kong Z, Liu H. 2022. Modification of rhizosphere microbial communities: a possible mechanism of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria enhancing plant growth and fitness. Frontiers in Plant Science 13:920813

doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.920813

[67]

Zhalnina K, Dias R, de Quadros PD, Davis-Richardson A, Camargo FAO, et al. 2015. Soil pH determines microbial diversity and composition in the park grass experiment. Microbial Ecology 69:395−406

doi: 10.1007/s00248-014-0530-2

[68]

Wang GM, Stribley DP, Tinker PB, Walker C. 1993. Effects of pH on arbuscular mycorrhiza I. Field observations on the long-term liming experiments at Rothamsted and Woburn. New Phytologist 124:465−472

doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1993.tb03837.x

[69]

Singh A, Mazahar S, Chapadgaonkar SS, Giri P, Shourie A. 2023. Phyto-microbiome to mitigate abiotic stress in crop plants. Frontiers in Microbiology 14:1210890

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1210890

[70]

de Santiago A, Quintero JM, Avilés M, Delgado A. 2011. Effect of Trichoderma asperellum strain T34 on iron, copper, manganese, and zinc uptake by wheat grown on a calcareous medium. Plant and Soil 342:97−104

doi: 10.1007/s11104-010-0670-1

[71]

Ren Y, Wang G, Su Y, Li J, Zhang H, et al. 2024. Response of antioxidant activity, active constituent and rhizosphere microorganisms of Salvia miltiorrhiza to combined application of microbial inoculant, microalgae and biochar under Cu stress. Science of the Total Environment 925:171812

doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171812

[72]

Kumar P, Singh S, Pranaw K, Kumar S, Singh B, et al. 2022. Bioinoculants as mitigators of multiple stresses: a ray of hope for agriculture in the darkness of climate change. Heliyon 8:e11269

doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11269

[73]

Xu L, Naylor D, Dong Z, Simmons T, Pierroz G, et al. 2018. Drought delays development of the sorghum root microbiome and enriches for monoderm bacteria. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 115:E4284−E4293

doi: 10.1073/pnas.1807275115

[74]

Pereira SIA, Abreu D, Moreira H, Vega A, Castro PML. 2020. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) improve the growth and nutrient use efficiency in maize (Zea mays L.) under water deficit conditions. Heliyon 6:e05106

doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05106

[75]

Fadiji AE, Babalola OO, Santoyo G, Perazzolli M. 2022. The potential role of microbial biostimulants in the amelioration of climate change-associated abiotic stresses on crops. Frontiers in Microbiology 12:829099

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.829099

[76]

Chen C, Zhong C, Gao X, Tan C, Bai H, Ning K. 2022. Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Root-associated microbiota: the multifaceted hubs associated with environmental factors, growth status and accumulation of secondary metabolites. Environmental Microbiome 17:23

doi: 10.1186/s40793-022-00418-0

[77]

Yan H, Xie JB, Ji ZJ, Yuan N, Tian CF, et al. 2017. Evolutionarily conserved nodE, nodO, T1SS, and gydrogenase system in rhizobia of Astragalus membranaceus and Caragana intermedia. Frontiers in Microbiology 8:2282

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02282

[78]

Wan J, He M, Hou Q, Zou L, Yang Y, et al. 2021. Cell wall associated immunity in plants. Stress Biology 1:3

doi: 10.1007/s44154-021-00003-4

[79]

Gupta VK, Fatima A, Faridi U, Negi AS, Shanker K, et al. 2008. Antimicrobial potential of Glycyrrhiza glabra roots. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 116:377−380

doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.11.037

[80]

Park I, Seo YS, Mannaa M. 2023. Recruitment of the rhizo-microbiome army: assembly determinants and engineering of the rhizosphere microbiome as a key to unlocking plant potential. Frontiers in Microbiology 14:1163832

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1163832

[81]

Han JH, Lee JH, Lee OR. 2015. Leaf-specific pathogenesis-related 10 homolog, PgPR-10.3, shows in silico binding affinity with several biologically important molecules. Journal of Ginseng Research 39:406−413

doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2015.06.002

[82]

Wang C, Chen L, Cai Z, Chen C, Liu Z, et al. 2021. Metabolite profiling and transcriptome analysis explains difference in accumulation of bioactive constituents in licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) under salt stress. Frontiers in Plant Science 12:727882

doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.727882

[83]

Ren Y, Wang G, Su Y, Li J, Zhang H, et al. 2025. Microbial inoculant and microalgae fertilizer improved the growth and quality of Salvia miltiorrhiza cultivated in lead-contaminated soil. Applied Soil Ecology 214:106410

doi: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106410

[84]

Shi Z, Guo Y, Wang Y, Yan X, Guo X, et al. 2024. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria promote growth and bioactive components accumulation of Astragalus mongholicus by regulating plant metabolism and rhizosphere microbiota. BMC Microbiology 24:261

doi: 10.1186/s12866-024-03409-y

[85]

Jiang Y, Wang L, Lu S, Xue Y, Wei X, et al. 2019. Transcriptome sequencing of Salvia miltiorrhiza after infection by its endophytic fungi and identification of genes related to tanshinone biosynthesis. Pharmaceutical Biology 57:760−769

doi: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1680706

[86]

Butler JL, Williams MA, Bottomley PJ, Myrold DD. 2003. Microbial community dynamics associated with rhizosphere carbon flow. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69:6793−6800

doi: 10.1128/AEM.69.11.6793-6800.2003

[87]

Albright MBN, Louca S, Winkler DE, Feeser KL, Haig SJ, et al. 2022. Solutions in microbiome engineering: prioritizing barriers to organism establishment. The ISME Journal 16:331−338

doi: 10.1038/s41396-021-01088-5

[88]

Knights HE, Jorrin B, Haskett TL, Poole PS. 2021. Deciphering bacterial mechanisms of root colonization. Environmental Microbiology Reports 13:428−444

doi: 10.1111/1758-2229.12934

[89]

Leite MFA, van den Broek SWEB, Kuramae EE. 2022. Current challenges and pitfalls in soil metagenomics. Microorganisms 10:1900

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10101900

[90]

Khan N, Humm EA, Jayakarunakaran A, Hirsch AM. 2023. Reviewing and renewing the use of beneficial root and soil bacteria for plant growth and sustainability in nutrient-poor, arid soils. Frontiers in Plant Science 14:1147535

doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1147535

[91]

Li Z, Bai X, Jiao S, Li Y, Li P, et al. 2021. A simplified synthetic community rescues Astragalus mongholicus from root rot disease by activating plant-induced systemic resistance. Microbiome 9:217

doi: 10.1186/s40168-021-01169-9

[92]

Li X, Liu Q, Gao Y, Zang P, Zheng T. 2024. Effects of a co-bacterial agent on the growth, disease control, and quality of ginseng based on rhizosphere microbial diversity. BMC Plant Biology 24:647

doi: 10.1186/s12870-024-05347-3

[93]

Cheng KX, Du Y, Li KH, Wang HC, Yang Y, et al. 2024. Genetic mechanism of interaction between maize and phyllospheric microbiome. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology 48:215−228

doi: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0433

[94]

Du J, Li Y, Ur-Rehman S, Mukhtar I, Yin Z, et al. 2021. Synergistically promoting plant health by harnessing synthetic microbial communities and prebiotics. iScience 24:102918

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102918

[95]

Jain A, Sarsaiya S, Singh R, Gong Q, Wu Q, et al. 2024. Omics approaches in understanding the benefits of plant-microbe interactions. Frontiers in Microbiology 15:1391059

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1391059

[96]

Law SR, Mathes F, Paten AM, Alexandre PA, Regmi R, et al. 2024. Life at the borderlands: microbiomes of interfaces critical to One Health. FEMS Microbiology Reviews 48:fuae008

doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuae008

[97]

Rezaee Danesh Y. 2025. Harnessing beneficial microbes and sensor technologies for sustainable smart agriculture. Sensors 25:6631

doi: 10.3390/s25216631

[98]

Calia C, González García S, Ingrao C, Lagioia G, Ruta C, et al. 2025. Life cycle assessment of microbial plant biostimulant production for application in sustainable agricultural systems. Science of the Total Environment 981:179610

doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179610

[99]

Just BS, Marks EAN, Roquer-Beni L, Llenas L, Ponsà S, et al. 2024. Biofertilization increases soil organic carbon concentrations: results of a meta-analysis. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 22:2361578

doi: 10.1080/14735903.2024.2361578