doi:10.48130/scm-0026-0021

[1]

Xiong XB, Zhao ZY, Wang PY, Lu XY, Zhu Y, et al. 2026. Conservation mulching with plastic film in maize field of arid irrigation region: agronomic performance, economic, and environmental effects. Field Crops Research 337:110283

doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2025.110283

[2]

Quintana MA, Garcia-Garcia G, Blazquez G, Martín-Lara MA, Calero M, et al. 2026. Pyrolysis as the gateway thermochemical route for plastic-to-hydrogen-rich gas valorization. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 193:107480

doi: 10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107480

[3]

Wang B, Sloan J, Lee H, Jung M, Tang YJ, et al. 2026. Tillage changes transport and fate of microplastics in the agricultural environment. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 399:110145

doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2025.110145

[4]

Xiao H, Li S, Shi Z, Cui C, Xia S, et al. 2023. Plasma-catalytic pyrolysis of polypropylene for hydrogen and carbon nanotubes: understanding the influence of plasma on volatiles. Applied Energy 351:121848

doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121848

[5]

Dai L, Zhao H, Zhou N, Cobb K, Chen P, et al. 2023. Catalytic microwave-assisted pyrolysis of plastic waste to produce naphtha for a circular economy. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 198:107154

doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2023.107154

[6]

Fu W, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Zhao W, Liu W, et al. 2025. Microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis of polypropylene for aviation fuel production with Fe/Ni catalysts: a comparison with electrical catalytic pyrolysis. Energy Conversion and Management 340:119993

doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119993

[7]

Anuar Sharuddin SD, Abnisa F, Wan Daud WMA, Aroua MK. 2016. A review on pyrolysis of plastic wastes. Energy Conversion and Management 115:308−326

doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2016.02.037

[8]

Keyhani S, Prussi M, Chiaramonti D. 2025. Review on marine plastic pyrolysis oil: turning pollution into a maritime fuel. Applied Energy 401:126759

doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126759

[9]

Hegedüs B, Dinh T, Nagy G, Muránszky G, Dobó Z. 2026. Temperature-dependent investigation of pyrolysis products from PP and LDPE for Gasoline-like fuel applications. Waste Management 210:115262

doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115262

[10]

Zhang Y, Yang J, Yu P, Ruan R, Dai L, et al. 2025. Catalytic co-pyrolysis of cotton stalks and ground film plastic using fishbone-based metal catalysts: enhanced production of olefins and aromatics. Chemical Engineering Journal 521:166274

doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2025.166274

[11]

Liu J, Li Y, Deng W, Wu Y, Chen D, et al. 2025. Study on a potential bone char catalyst for high efficiency catalytic pyrolysis of polypropylene plastic. Fuel 381:133625

doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133625

[12]

Pagán J, Ibarz A, Falguera V, Benítez R. 2013. Enzymatic hydrolysis kinetics and nitrogen recovery in the protein hydrolysate production from pig bones. Journal of Food Engineering 119:655−659

doi: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.06.040

[13]

Alkurdi SSA, Al-Juboori RA, Bundschuh J, Hamawand I. 2019. Bone char as a green sorbent for removing health threatening fluoride from drinking water. Environment International 127:704−719

doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.065

[14]

Chotiratanasak J, Promdee K, Vitidsant T, Khemkhao M. 2025. Effect of acid catalysts on yield and selectivity of plastics waste pyrolysis from municipal solid waste in Samui Island, Thailand. Results in Engineering 28:107770

doi: 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.107770

[15]

Armenise S, Luing WS, Romero Vázquez MA, Pérez-Guevara E, Prieto C, et al. 2025. Tailoring catalyst acidity and hierarchical pore structure for enhanced BTX yields in plastic waste pyrolysis. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 13:119493

doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2025.119493

[16]

Nazarloo NH, Shirvanimoghaddam K, Zabihi O, Naebe M. 2024. Catalytic pyrolysis of plastic waste using activated carbon from cotton waste. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 182:106692

doi: 10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106692

[17]

López A, de Marco I, Caballero BM, Laresgoiti MF, Adrados A, et al. 2011. Catalytic pyrolysis of plastic wastes with two different types of catalysts: ZSM-5 zeolite and Red Mud. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 104:211−219

doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2011.03.030

[18]

Miandad R, Barakat MA, Aburiazaiza AS, Rehan M, Ismail IMI, et al. 2017. Effect of plastic waste types on pyrolysis liquid oil. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 119:239−252

doi: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.09.017

[19]

Syamsiro M, Saptoadi H, Norsujianto T, Noviasri P, Cheng S, et al. 2014. Fuel oil production from municipal plastic wastes in sequential pyrolysis and catalytic reforming reactors. Energy Procedia 47:180−188

doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.01.212

[20]

Liu J, Li Y, Zhang X, Yang Z, Liu X, et al. 2026. A highly efficient and recyclable bone char for catalytic pyrolysis of polypropylene. Journal of Environmental Management 397:128174

doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.128174

[21]

Rodríguez S, Trueba D, Escribano M, Arandes JM, Palos R, et al. 2025. Six-lump kinetic model for plastic pyrolysis oil (PPO) and vacuum gasoil (VGO) blend hydroprocessing considering selective catalyst deactivation. Catalysis Today 457:115341

doi: 10.1016/j.cattod.2025.115341

[22]

Dong CD, Huang CP, Chen CW, Hung CM. 2024. Advanced sustainable processes via functionalized Fe–N Co-doped fishbone biochar for the remediation of plasticizer di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-contaminated marine sediment. Environmental Pollution 348:123861

doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123861

[23]

Wang Y, Wang CH. 2025. Sustainable production of carbon nanotubes from plastic pyrolysis using Ni- and Fe-biochar catalysts synthesized via hydrothermal treatment. Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy 373:125340

doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2025.125340

[24]

Shu D, Gan L, Zhang Y, Sun X, Tan C, et al. 2024. A solid acid derived from fishbone catalyzes the hydrolysis of cellulose into nanocellulose. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 275:133903

doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133903

[25]

Liu Z, Liu T, Zhao W, Zhang Y, Liu W. 2026. Rich hydrogen syngas production from microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis of polypropylene plastic particles. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 195:107628

doi: 10.1016/j.jaap.2026.107628

[26]

Qiu T, Xie K, Liu C, Ahmad F, Zhao W, et al. 2025. Microwave-assisted pyrolysis for advanced sustainable carbon materials. Sustainable Carbon Materials 1:e011

doi: 10.48130/scm-0025-0011

[27]

Cui L, Zhang Y, Shi C, Zhao W, Li B. 2024. Describing the microwave heating performances of the main constitutes of biomass. Energy 302:131873

doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2024.131873

[28]

Sun Y, Zhang Q, Clark JH, Graham NJD, Hou D, et al. 2022. Tailoring wood waste biochar as a reusable microwave absorbent for pollutant removal: structure-property-performance relationship and iron-carbon interaction. Bioresource Technology 362:127838

doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127838

[29]

Fu W, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Zhao W, Liu W, et al. 2025. Shuai. Kinetic and thermodynamic insights into the catalytic pyrolysis of PP with Fe/Ni catalysts. Energy 330:136809

doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.136809

[30]

Hassan AA, Smith JD. 2020. Investigation of microwave-assisted transesterification reactor of waste cooking oil. Renewable Energy 162:1735−1746

doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2020.09.123

[31]

Hussain Z, Khan KM, Perveen S, Hussain K, Voelter W. 2012. The conversion of waste polystyrene into useful hydrocarbons by microwave-metal interaction pyrolysis. Fuel Processing Technology 94:145−150

doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2011.10.009

[32]

Cui Y, Zhang Y, Cui L, Liu Y, Li B, et al. 2023. Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of polypropylene plastic for liquid oil production. Journal of Cleaner Production 411:137303

doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137303

[33]

Ahmad F, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Zhao W, Liu W, et al. 2025. Aromatic enriched oil production via microwave-assisted catalytic co-pyrolysis of baked semen abutilon seeds and waste expanded polystyrene. Journal of Cleaner Production 528:146660

doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146660

[34]

Qiu T, Li C, Zhao W, Naz MY, Zhang Y. 2025. Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of biomass: influence of feedstock and pyrolysis parameters on porous biochar properties. Biomass and Bioenergy 193:107583

doi: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107583

[35]

Zhang Y, Xu Y, Tan C, Ruan R, Dai L, et al. 2025. Preparation of highly selective olefins from pyrolyzed ground film plastics catalyzed by fishbone-based catalysts. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 201:107565

doi: 10.1016/j.psep.2025.107565

[36]

Arpia AA, Chen WH, Ubando AT, Tabatabaei M, Lam SS, et al. 2021. Catalytic microwave-assisted torrefaction of sugarcane bagasse with calcium oxide optimized via Taguchi approach: product characterization and energy analysis. Fuel 305:121543

doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121543

[37]

Fan S, Zhang Y, Cui L, Maqsood T, Nižetić S. 2023. Cleaner production of aviation oil from microwave-assisted pyrolysis of plastic wastes. Journal of Cleaner Production 390:136102

doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136102

[38]

Zhou N, Dai L, Lv Y, Li H, Deng W, et al. 2021. Catalytic pyrolysis of plastic wastes in a continuous microwave assisted pyrolysis system for fuel production. Chemical Engineering Journal 418:129412

doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.129412

[39]

Schwarcz HP, Binkley DM, Luo L, Grandfield K. 2020. A search for apatite crystals in the gap zone of collagen fibrils in bone using dark-field illumination. Bone 135:115304

doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115304

[40]

Marrakchi F, Toor SS, Pedersen TH, Rosendahl LA. 2026. Hydrothermal co-liquefaction of rye straw, shellfish, and beef tallow using CaO-MgO-apatite composite catalyst: hybrid models of biomacromolecules under sub-, near, and supercritical conditions for predicting yield and properties of multiphase HTL products. Chemical Engineering Journal 527:170589

doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2025.170589

[41]

Sun D, Liao T, Lin H, Sang Y, Liu Y, et al. 2024. Sustainable double-synergistic silver-hydroxyapatite composite catalyst derived from fish bones for efficient disinfection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Food Chemistry 456:139915

doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139915

[42]

Sen SK, Hossain MS, Roy R, Alam MS, Manir MS, et al. 2024. Size-strain distribution analysis from XRD peak profile of (Mg, Fe) Co-doped SnO₂ nanoparticles fabricated using chemical co-precipitation route. Ceramics International 50:44038−44055

doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.08.254

[43]

Qiu T, Cao W, Xie K, Ahmad F, Zhao W, et al. 2025. CO₂ capture performances of H₃PO₄/KOH activated microwave pyrolyzed porous biochar. Sustainable Carbon Materials 1:e004

doi: 10.48130/scm-0025-0004

[44]

Li C, Shi Y, Zhao QD, Xiong W, Ding Y, et al. 2023. A stable spherical MOF-derived Mnx-Fe₂O₃/C catalysts for low-temperature CO-SCR. Chemical Engineering Journal 475:146388

doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.146388

[45]

Lewin E, Persson POÅ, Lattemann M, Stüber M, Gorgoi M, et al. 2008. On the origin of a third spectral component of C1s XPS-spectra for nc-TiC/a-C nanocomposite thin films. Surface and Coatings Technology 202:3563−3570

doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.12.038

[46]

Poche T, Wirth W, Jang S. 2024. Chemical structure characteristics of flexible low-k SiCOH thin films etched by inductively coupled plasma-reactive ion etching process using FTIR and XPS spectra analysis. Microelectronic Engineering 292:112221

doi: 10.1016/j.mee.2024.112221

[47]

Acheson JG, Robinson L, McKillop S, Wilson S, McIvor MJ, et al. 2021. TOFSIMS and XPS characterisation of strontium in amorphous calcium phosphate sputter deposited coatings. Materials Characterization 171:110739

doi: 10.1016/j.matchar.2020.110739

[48]

Greczynski G, Hultman L. 2025. Binding energy referencing in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Nature Reviews Materials 10:62−78

doi: 10.1038/s41578-024-00743-5

[49]

Ltaief W, Mbarek A, Aboussatar M, El-Ghozzi M, Naїli H, et al. 2025. LiGd₄(PO₄)₃F₄: Ln³⁺ (Ln = Eu³⁺ or Tb³⁺) fluorophosphates as red- or green-emitting phosphors: structural and photoluminescence characterization. Inorganic Chemistry Communications 180:115099

doi: 10.1016/j.inoche.2025.115099

[50]

Ltaief W, Mbarek A, El-Ghozzi M, Naïli H, Zambon D. 2018. Structural and optical investigations of new fluorophosphates solid solutions Li_xY_1-yLn_y(PO₄)_1-xF_4x (0< x ≤0 . 4; Ln = Eu, Tb) as phosphors for solid-state lighting. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 735:29−42

doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.11.045

[51]

Liu W, Zhang Y, Wang J, Chen Y, Wang F, et al. 2025. Effect mechanism of coal gangue ash on NH₃ oxidation in NH₃ combustion condition. Fuel 385:134140

doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2024.134140

[52]

Jagodzińska K, Jönsson PG, Yang W. 2022. Pyrolysis and in-line catalytic decomposition of excavated landfill waste to produce carbon nanotubes and hydrogen over Fe- and Ni-based catalysts – Investigation of the catalyst type and process temperature. Chemical Engineering Journal 446:136808

doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.136808

[53]

Yao D, Yang H, Hu Q, Chen Y, Chen H, et al. 2021. Carbon nanotubes from post-consumer waste plastics: investigations into catalyst metal and support material characteristics. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 280:119413

doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.119413

[54]

Zhao Y, Deng C, Tang D, Ding L, Zhang Y, et al. 2021. α-Fe₂O₃ as a versatile and efficient oxygen atom transfer catalyst in combination with H₂O as the oxygen source. Nature Catalysis 4:684−691

doi: 10.1038/s41929-021-00659-1

[55]

Ronka S. 2014. Properties of novel spherical carbon adsorbents synthesized from phosphorylated polymeric precursors. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 110:390−400

doi: 10.1016/j.jaap.2014.10.012

[56]

Xing W, Wang Z, Zhang K, Xu Y, Pan Y, et al. 2025. Flame-retardant and antibacterial multifunctional cellulose fibers with carbamate esterification and phosphorylation modification. Industrial Crops and Products 233:121482

doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121482

[57]

Zhou Y, Yu F, Huang M, Guo Y, Wei J, et al. 2024. The influence mechanism of bitumen components on its macroscopic and microscopic properties: analysis based on polyphosphoric acid modification. Fuel 372:132085

doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2024.132085

[58]

Said HA, Ait Bourhim I, Ouarga A, Iraola-Arregui I, Lahcini M, et al. 2023. Sustainable phosphorylated microcrystalline cellulose toward enhanced removal performance of methylene blue. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 225:1107−1118

doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.172

[59]

Apicella B, Cerciello F, Migliaccio R, Oliano MM, Ruoppolo G, et al. 2025. Chemical characterization of liquid products from the pyrolysis of plastic wastes. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 190:107153

doi: 10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107153

[60]

Zhang X, Wu S, Ge B, Zhou Q, Yan B, et al. 2025. A dual-stage machine learning framework for comprehensive characterization of waste plastic pyrolysis oils. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 192:107300

doi: 10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107300

[61]

Dhaniswara TK, Juliastuti SR, Mahfud M. 2025. Synergistic effect of Fe-promoted catalyst and low-rank coal absorber in microwave-assisted plastic pyrolysis. Sustainable Chemistry for Climate Action 7:100113

doi: 10.1016/j.scca.2025.100113

[62]

Ureel Y, Piña CP, Dunkle MN, Pijcke P, da Costa Magalhaes B, et al. 2025. Detailed analysis of olefins and diolefins in hydrotreated plastic waste pyrolysis oils by GC-VUV. Waste Management 202:114828

doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.114828

[63]

Li S, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Qin J, Liu H. 2026. Comprehensive evaluation of e-waste plastic pyrolysis technology: research status, technical challenges and prospects. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 193:107458

doi: 10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107458

[64]

Lin X, Sun Z, Zhuansun X, Li H, Sun C, et al. 2026. Decoupling gas-gas phase interactions in catalytic co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic over HZSM-5: molecular mechanisms of synergy between oxygenates and olefins. Renewable Energy 258:124966

doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.124966

[65]

Li Y, Wang W, Yin F, Wang KS. 2025. Threshold temperature pyrolysis of waste plastic and the effect on pyrolysis energy consumption and product distribution. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress 67:104105

doi: 10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104105

[66]

Muloogi D, Sagala F, Ogene F, Bbosa D, Birungi G. 2025. Potential for optimisation of fuel yield and hydrocarbon distribution from plastic waste pyrolysis using Nanopyroxene catalysts. Results in Chemistry 17:102573

doi: 10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102573

[67]

Wu J, Tian H, Gu F, Ning H, Huang J, et al. 2026. Preparation and performance evaluation of asphalt modifier from catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics using Ni modified HZSM-5. Construction and Building Materials 506:144938

doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.144938

[68]

Chen H, Shan T, Liu S, Liu T, Zhang H. 2026. The effect of plastic type on the product distribution and Cr (VI) removal in the co-pyrolysis of plastics and chromium-containing slag. Journal of the Energy Institute 124:102413

doi: 10.1016/j.joei.2025.102413