Back Article

Chambers JQ, Higuchi N, Tribuzy ES, Trumbore SE. 2001. Carbon sink for a century. Nature 410:429

Mendelsohn R, Sedjo R, Sohngen B. 2022. Forest carbon sequestration. In Fiscal Policy to Mitigate Climate Change: A Guide for Policymakers, eds Parry I, Black S, Verde S. USA: International Monetary Fund. pp. 89–102 doi: 10.5089/9781616353933.071.ch005

Chang MY. 2004. Forest carbon sequestration in Brazil: political, socioeconomic and ecological dimensions. Thesis. Federal University of Paraná, Brazil

Velasco E, Roth M. 2010. Cities as net sources of CO₂: review of atmospheric CO₂ exchange in urban environments measured by eddy covariance technique. Geography Compass 4:1238−1259

Hofhansl F, Chacón-Madrigal E, Fuchslueger L, Jenking D, Morera-Beita A, et al. 2020. Climatic and edaphic controls over tropical forest diversity and vegetation carbon storage. Scientific Reports 10:5066

IPCC. 2001. Annex B - glossary of terms in climate change 2001: Impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability: Contribution of working group II to the third assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press

Martin AR, Doraisami M, Thomas SC. 2018. Global patterns in wood carbon concentration across the world's trees and forests. Nature Geoscience 11(12):915−920

Lal R. 2008. Carbon sequestration. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363(1492):815−830

Stokland J, Alfredsen G. 2024. From deadwood to forest soils: quantifying a key carbon flux in boreal ecosystems. Biogeochemistry 167(10):1225−1242

Chambers JQ, Schimel JP, Nobre AD. 2001. Respiration from coarse wood litter in central Amazon forests. Biogeochemistry 52(2):115−131

Tapia-Coral SC, Luizão FJ, Wandelli E, Fernandes ECM. 2005. Carbon and nutrient stocks in the litter layer of agroforestry systems in central Amazonia, Brazil. Agroforestry Systems 65(1):33−42

Shukla G, Chakravarty S. 2018. Biomass, primary nutrient and carbon stock in a sub-Himalayan forest of west bengal, India. Journal of Forest and Environmental Science 34(1):12−23

Maas GC, Sanquetta CR, Marques R, do A Machado S, Sanquetta MN, et al. 2021. Carbon production from seasonal litterfall in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Southern Forests: A Journal of Forest Science 83(2):128−134

Watzlawick LF, Martins PJ, Rodrigues AL, Ebling ÂA, Balbinot R, et al. 2014. Teores de carbono em espécies da floresta ombrófila mista e efeito do grupo ecológico. CERNE 20(4):613−620

Sione S, Ledesma S, Aceñolaza P, Wilson M. 2022. Biomass Carbon and Nitrogen allocation in different tree species: do tree compartments and size affect C : N relationship? Silva Fennica 56(4):10757

Lei X, Shen Y, Zhao J, Huang J, Wang H, et al. 2023. Root exudates mediate the processes of soil organic carbon input and efflux. Plants 12(3):630

Ribeiro FP, Gatto A, de Oliveira AD, Pulrolnik K, Valadão MBX, et al. 2023. Carbon storage in different compartments in eucalyptus stands and native cerrado vegetation. Plants 12(14):2751

Haag HP. 1985. Ciclagem de nutrientes em florestas tropicais. Campinas: Fundação Cargill (in Portuguese)

Puig, H. 2008. A floresta tropical úmida. São Paulo: Editora UNESP (in Portuguese)

Weissgerber M, Chanteloup L, Bonis A. 2024. Carbon stock increase during post-agricultural succession in central France: no change of the superficial soil stock and high variability within forest stages. New Forests 55(5):1533−1555

Chaikaew P, Chavanich S. 2017. Spatial variability and relationship of mangrove soil organic matter to organic carbon. Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2017:4010381

Salmo SG, Manalo SPB, Jacob PB, Gerona-Daga MEB, Naputo CFP, et al. 2024. Improving soil carbon estimates of Philippine mangroves using localized organic matter to organic carbon equations. Carbon Balance and Management 19(31):31

Ometto JPHB, Ehleringer JR, Domingues TF, Berry JA, Ishida FY, et al. 2006. The stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of vegetation in tropical forests of the Amazon Basin, Brazil. Biogeochemistry 79:251−274

Chen C, Zou X, Singh AK, Zhu X, Zhang W, et al. 2021. Effects of hillslope position on soil water infiltration and preferential flow in tropical forest in southwest China. Journal of Environmental Management 299:113672

Dall'Orsoletta DJ, Gatiboni, LC, Mumbach GL, Schmitt DE, Boitt G, et al. 2021. Soil slope and texture as factors of phosphorus exportation from pasture areas receiving pig slurry. Science of The Total Environment 761:144004

Spohn M, Bagchi S, Biederman LA, Borer ET, Bråthen KA, et al. 2023. The positive effect of plant diversity on soil carbon depends on climate. Nature Communications 14(1):6624

Kruse-Graumann L, (with Wissenschaftlicher Beirat der Bundesregierung Globale Umweltveränderungen). 1998. Die Anrechnung biologischer Quellen und Senken im Kyoto-Protokoll: Fortschritt oder Rückschlag für den globalen Umweltschutz? Sondergutachten. Sondergutachten. Bremerhaven: WBGU (in Germany)

Berg B. 2000. Litter decomposition and organic matter turnover in northern forest soils. Forest Ecology and Management 133(1−2):13−22

Wrege MS, Fritzsons E, Soares MTS, Bognola IA, de Souza VA, et al. 2017. Distribuição natural e habitat da araucária frente às mudanças climáticas globais. Pesquisa Florestal Brasileira 37(91):331−346 (in Portuguese)

Vibrans AC, Oliveira LZ, Gasper AL, Ligner DV, Schorn LA, et al. 2022. Unprecedented large-area turnover estimates for the subtropical Brazilian Atlantic Forest based on systematically-gathered data. Forest Ecology and Management 505:119902

Maas GCB, Sanquetta CR, Marques R, Do A Machado S, Sanquetta MNI, et al. 2021. Combining sample designs to account for the whole necromass carbon stock in Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Journal of Sustainable Forestry 40(7):639−655

Cysneiros VC, Pelissari AL, Figueiredo Filho A. 2024. Stand structure and Brazilian pine as key determinants of carbon stock in a subtropical Atlantic forest. Carbon Balance and Management 19(1):36

Lafleur B, Fenton NJ, Simard M, Leduc A, Paré D, et al. 2018. Ecosystem management in paludified boreal forests: enhancing wood production, biodiversity, and carbon sequestration at the landscape level. Forest Ecosystems 5(1):27

Harris NL, Gibbs DA, Baccini A, Birdsey RA, de Bruin S, et al. 2021. Global maps of twenty-first century forest carbon fluxes. Nature Climate Change 11(3):234−240

dos Santos KF, Barbosa FT, Bertol I, Werner RS, Wolschick NH, et al. 2019. Teores e estoques de carbono orgânico do solo em diferentes usos da terra no Planalto Sul de Santa Catarina. Revista de Ciências Agroveterinárias 18(2):222−229 (in Portuguese)

Shi J, Deng L, Gunina A, Alharbi S, Wang K, et al. 2023. Carbon stabilization pathways in soil aggregates during long-term forest succession: Implications from δ¹³C signatures. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 180:108988

Guerrini IA, da Silva JP, Lozano Sivisaca DC, de Moraes FG, Puglla CAY, et al. 2024. Evaluating carbon stocks in soils of fragmented Brazilian Atlantic Forests (BAF) based on soil features and different methodologies. Scientific Reports 14(1):10007

Watzlawick LF, Caldeira MVW, Viera M, Schumacher MV, Godinho TO, et al. 2012. Estoque de biomassa e carbono na Floresta Ombrófila Mista Montana Paraná. Scientia Forestalis 40(95):53−362 (in Portuguese)

Mognon F, Dallagnol FS, Sanquetta CR, Dalla Corte AP, Barreto TG. 2013. Uma década de dinâmica da fixação de carbono na biomassa arbórea em floresta ombrófila mista no sul do paraná. Floresta 43(1):153−164 (in Portuguese)

Köppen W. 1936. Das Geographische System der Klimatologie. Berlin: Gebrüdcr Borntraeger (in Germany)

Alvares CA, Stape JL, Sentelhas PC, de Moraes Gonçalves JL, Sparovek G. 2013. Köppen's climate classification map for Brazil. Meteorologische Zeitschrift 22(6):711−728

Cysneiros VC, Vuolo AF, Theodoroski GN, Topanotti LR, Pinho LC, et al. 2025. Assessing the influence of plot size and allometric model on carbon and tree diversity estimates in small Araucaria forest remnants. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 197(9):1025

Flora e Funga do Brasil. 2025. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available at: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/ (in Portuguese)

Feldpausch TR, Lloyd J, Lewis SL, Brienen RJW, Gloor M, et al. 2012. Tree height integrated into pantropical forest biomass estimates. Biogeosciences 9(8):3381−3403

Oliveira LZ, Uller HF, Klitzke RA, Eleotério JR, Vibrans AC. 2019. Towards the fulfillment of a knowledge gap: wood densities for species of the subtropical Atlantic Forest. Data 4(3):104

Santa Catarina State Government. 2016. SIGSC – Santa Catarina Geographic Information System. https://sigsc.sc.gov.br/ (in Portuguese)

Goldin A. 1987. Reassessing the use of loss-on-ignition for estimating organic matter content in noncalcareous soils. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 18(10):1111−1116

do Carmo DL, Silva CA. 2012. Métodos de quantificação de carbono e matéria orgânica em resíduos orgânicos. Revista Brasileira de Ciência Do Solo 36(4):1211−1220 (in Portuguese)

Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT). 2017. ABNT NBR 13999: Papel, cartão, pastas celulósicas e madeira: determinação do resíduo (Cinza) após a incineração a 525 °C. 2017. Brazil: Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (in Portuguese)

Teixeira PC, Donagemma GK, Fontana A, Teixeira WG. 2017. Manual de métodos de análise de solos. Brasília, DF: Embrapa

Tedesco MJ, Volkweiss SJ, Bohnen H. 1985. Análises de solo, plantas e outros materiais. Porto Alegre, RS: Departamento de Solos/Faculdade de Agronomia (UFRGS)

Fernandes FA, Fernandes AHBM. 2009. Cálculo dos estoques de carbono do solo sob diferentes condições de manejo. Corumbá, MS: Embrapa Pantanal

Tukey JW. 1977. Exploratory data analysis. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co.

Bauer DJ, Curran PJ. 2005. Probing interactions in fixed and multilevel regression: Inferential and graphical techniques. Multivariate Behavioral Research 40(3):373−400

Menard S. 2000. Coefficients of determination for multiple logistic regression analysis. The American Statistician 54(1):17−24

R Core Team. 2025. R: the r project for statistical computing. Available at: www.r-project.org

Arnhold E. 2014. Package in R environment to automate descriptive statistics. Sigmae 3(1):36−42

Wickham H. 2016. Data analysis. In ggplot2. Cham: Springer. pp. 189–201 doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-24277-4_9

Long JA. 2024. interactions: comprehensive, user-friendly toolkit for probing interactions (Version 1.2.0) [Computer software]. doi: 10.32614/CRAN.package.interactions

Lê S, Josse J, Husson, F. 2008. FactoMineR: an R package for multivariate analysis. Journal of Statistical Software 25(1):1−18

Kassambara, A. (2023). ggpubr: 'ggplot2' based publication ready plots (Version 0.6.0) [Computer software]. doi: 10.32614/CRAN.package.ggpubr

Oksanen J, Simpson GL, Blanchet FG, Kindt R, Legendre P, et al. 2026. vegan: community ecology package (Version 2.7-5) [Computer software]. doi: 10.32614/CRAN.package.vegan

Kanieski MR, Araujo ACB, Longhi SJ. 2010. Quantificação da diversidade em Floresta Ombrófila Mista por meio de diferentes Índices Alfa. Scientia Forestalis 38(88):567−577 (in Portuguese)

Vibrans AC. 2012. Inventário florístico florestal de Santa Catarina. Vol. 1: Diversidade e conservação dos remanescentes florestais. Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Brasil (in Portuguese)

Pinho LC, Zambiazi DC, Dobner M Jr, Vibrans AC, Siminski A, et al. 2026. Timber potential of a secondary forest with Araucaria in Brazilian Atlantic Forest: implications for small-scale management. Small-scale Forestry 25(2):355−375

Vellend M, Verheyen K, Flinn KM, Jacquemyn H, Kolb A, et al. 2007. Homogenization of forest plant communities and weakening of species – environment relationships via agricultural land use. Journal of Ecology 95(3):565−573

Chazdon RL, Broadbent EN, Rozendaal DMA, Bongers F, Zambrano AMA, et al. 2016. Carbon sequestration potential of second-growth forest regeneration in the Latin American tropics. Science Advances 2(5):e1501639

Sanquetta CR, Watzlawick LF, Balbinot R, Ziliotto MAD, Gomes FS. 2002. As florestas e o carbono. Curitiba: UFPR

da Cunha GC. 1997. Aspectos da ciclagem de nutrientes em diferentes fases sucessionais de uma Floresta Estacional do Rio Grande do Sul. Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil. pp. 86 doi: 10.11606/D.11.1997.tde-20210918-220223

Li Y, Schuldt A, Ebeling A, Eisenhauer N, Huang Y, et al. 2024. Plant diversity enhances ecosystem multifunctionality via multitrophic diversity. Nature Ecology & Evolution 8(11):2037−2047

Liu X, Li Q, Xu P, Hong D, Yang B, et al. 2025. Dominant plants drive soil organic carbon storage in Three Gorges Reservoir's water-level fluctuation zone. Carbon Balance and Management 21:4

Pregitzer KS, Euskirchen ES. 2004. Carbon cycling and storage in world forests: biome patterns related to forest age. Global Change Biology 10(12):2052−2077

Chapin FS, Matson PA, Vitousek PM. 2011. Principles of terrestrial ecosystem ecology. New York: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-9504-9

Zhang L, Vivek Y, Zhu H, Shi Y, Hu X, et al. 2024. Climate drivers of litterfall biomass dynamics in three types of forest stands on the Loess Plateau. Ecological Indicators 163:112088

Schnabel F, Guillemot J, Barry KE, Brunn M, Cesarz S, et al. 2025. Tree diversity increases carbon stocks and fluxes above—but not belowground in a tropical forest experiment. Global Change Biology 31(2):e70089

Feng C, Sun H, Zhang Y. 2021. The magnitude and direction of priming were driven by soil moisture and temperature in a temperate forest soil of China. Pedobiologia 89:150769

Primieri S, Muniz AW, de Melo Lisboa H. 2017. Dinâmica do carbono no solo em ecossistemas nativos e plantações florestais em Santa Catarina. Floresta e Ambiente 24:e00110314 (in Portuguese)

de Mattos PP, de Bortoli C, Marchesan R, Rosot NC. 2006. Caracterização Física, Química e Anatômica da Madeira de Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Kuntze. Comunicado Técnico, 160. Colombo, PR: Embrapa Florestas (in Portuguese)

Ragan S, Megnonnell N, Court C, Leigh ME. 2011. Activated carbon from renewable resources—Lignin. Cellulose Chemistry and Technology 45(7−8):527−531

Sattler D, Murray LT, Kirchner A, Lindner A. 2014. Influence of soil and topography on aboveground biomass accumulation and carbon stocks of afforested pastures in South East Brazil. Ecological Engineering 73:126−131

Lopez B, Sabate S, Gracia CA. 2001. Vertical distribution of fine root density, length density, area index and mean diameter in a Quercus ilex forest. Tree Physiology 21(8):555−560

Costa KM. 2015. O estoque de carbono na vegetação e no solo em fragmentos florestais de paisagens tropicais. Dissertação (Mestrado Em Ecologia). Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil (in Portuguese)