[1]

Jeans C, Brown B, Ward EC, Vertigan AE, Pigott AE, et al. 2020. Comparing the prevalence, location, and severity of head and neck lymphedema after postoperative radiotherapy for oral cavity cancers and definitive chemoradiotherapy for oropharyngeal, laryngeal, and hypopharyngeal cancers. Head & Neck 42(11):3364−3374

doi: 10.1002/hed.26394
[2]

Deng J, Ridner SH, Dietrich MS, Wells N, Wallston KA, et al. 2012. Prevalence of secondary lymphedema in patients with head and neck cancer. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 43(2):244−252

doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2011.03.019
[3]

Ridner SH, Dietrich MS, Niermann K, Cmelak A, Mannion K, et al. 2016. A prospective study of the lymphedema and fibrosis continuum in patients with head and neck cancer. Lymphatic Research and Biology 14(4):198−205

doi: 10.1089/lrb.2016.0001
[4]

Arends C, de Veij Mestdagh P, Al-Mamgani A, Stuiver M, van der Molen L, et al. 2025. Severity of internal lymphedema in unilateral or bilateral radiotherapy patients: an exploratory study. Radiotherapy and Oncology 206:110834

doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2025.110834
[5]

Tribius S, Pazdyka H, Tennstedt P, Busch CJ, Hanken H, et al. 2020. Prognostic factors for lymphedema in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer after combined radio(chemo)therapy- results of a longitudinal study. Oral Oncology 109:104856

doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104856
[6]

Rockson SG. 2013. The lymphatics and the inflammatory response: lessons learned from human lymphedema. Lymphatic Research and Biology 11(3):117−120

doi: 10.1089/lrb.2013.1132
[7]

Starmer HM, Drinnan M, Bhabra M, Watson LJ, Patterson J. 2021. Development and reliability of the revised patterson edema scale. Clinical Otolaryngology 46(4):752−757

doi: 10.1111/coa.13727
[8]

Jeans C, Brown B, Ward EC, Vertigan AE, Pigott AE, et al. 2023. A prospective, longitudinal and exploratory study of head and neck lymphoedema and dysphagia following chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancer. Dysphagia 38(4):1059−1071

doi: 10.1007/s00455-022-10526-1
[9]

Jackson LK, Ridner SH, Deng J, Bartow C, Mannion K, et al. 2016. Internal lymphedema correlates with subjective and objective measures of dysphagia in head and neck cancer patients. Journal of Palliative Medicine 19(9):949−956

doi: 10.1089/jpm.2016.0018
[10]

Jeans C, Ward EC, Cartmill B, Vertigan AE, Pigott AE, et al. 2019. Patient perceptions of living with head and neck lymphoedema and the impacts to swallowing, voice and speech function. European Journal of Cancer Care 28(1):e12894

doi: 10.1111/ecc.12894
[11]

Deng J, Murphy BA, Dietrich MS, Wells N, Wallston KA, et al. 2013. Impact of secondary lymphedema after head and neck cancer treatment on symptoms, functional status, and quality of life. Head & Neck 35(7):1026−1035

doi: 10.1002/hed.23084
[12]

Deng J, Murphy BA, Dietrich MS, Sinard RJ, Mannion K, et al. 2016. Differences of symptoms in head and neck cancer patients with and without lymphedema. Supportive Care in Cancer 24(3):1305−1316

doi: 10.1007/s00520-015-2893-4
[13]

Starmer HM, Cherry MG, Patterson J, Fleming J, Young B. 2023. Head and neck lymphedema and quality of life: the patient perspective. Supportive Care in Cancer 31(12):696

doi: 10.1007/s00520-023-08150-2
[14]

Gaitatzis K, Thompson B, Blake FT, Koelmeyer L. 2026. Patient-reported outcome measures and physical function following head and neck lymphedema—a systematic review. Journal of Cancer Survivorship 20(2):738−751

doi: 10.1007/s11764-024-01683-3
[15]

Mao S, Wang J, McMillan H, Mohamed ASR, Buoy S, et al. 2025. Exploring quantitative MRI biomarkers of head and neck post-radiation lymphedema and fibrosis: post hoc analysis of a prospective trial. Head & Neck 47(5):1487−1496

doi: 10.1002/hed.28062
[16]

Fadhil M, Singh R, Havas T, Jacobson I. 2022. Systematic review of head and neck lymphedema assessment. Head & Neck 44(10):2301−2315

doi: 10.1002/hed.27136
[17]

Arends CR, Van Aperen K, van der Molen L, et al. 2025. Limited consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of lymphedema after head and neck cancer: results from an International Delphi study. Disability and Rehabilitation 47(5):1234−1242

doi: 10.1080/09638288.2024.2366004
[18]

Cheng JT, Leite VF, Tennison JM, Gutierrez C, Kline-Quiroz C, et al. 2023. Rehabilitation interventions for head and neck cancer–associated lymphedema: a systematic review. JAMA Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery 149(8):743

doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2023.1473
[19]

McGarvey AC, Osmotherly PG, Hoffman GR, Chiarelli PE. 2014. Lymphoedema following treatment for head and neck cancer: impact on patients, and beliefs of health professionals. European Journal of Cancer Care 23(3):317−327

doi: 10.1111/ecc.12134
[20]

Logan AM, Landera MA. 2021. Clinical practices in head and neck cancer: a speech-language pathologist practice pattern survey. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 130(11):1254−1262

doi: 10.1177/00034894211001065
[21]

Smith AJ, Cherry M, Patterson J. 2025. Head and neck lymphoedema service provision in the UK: a survey of practice. Supportive Care in Cancer 33(12):1142

doi: 10.1007/s00520-025-10107-6
[22]

Mullan LJ, Blackburn NE, Gracey J, Dunwoody L, Lorimer J, et al. 2025. Healthcare professionals understanding, perceptions and experiences of head and neck lymphoedema to promote self-management for patients following completion of head and neck cancer treatment: a qualitative study. Journal of Cancer Survivorship

doi: 10.1007/s11764-025-01868-4
[23]

Ödemförbundet S. 2025. Svenska utbildningar [Swedish Training]. The Swedish Association for Chronic Edema. https://svenskaodemforbundet.se/svenska-utbildningar/ (Accessed 27 Jan 2025)
[24]

Malterud K. 2012. Systematic text condensation: a strategy for qualitative analysis. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 40(8):795−805

doi: 10.1177/1403494812465030
[25]

Högstedt D, Eriksson E, Jansson I, Engström M. 2024. Self-rated professional competence and well-being at work after obtaining a Swedish nursing license: a longitudinal mixed-methods study of internationally and domestically educated nurses. International Journal of Nursing Studies 157:104812

doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2024.104812
[26]

Martin-Harris B. 1999. The evolution of the evaluation and treatment of dysphagia across the health care continuum: a historical perspective—inception to proliferation. Nutrition in Clinical Practice 14(5S):S13−S20

doi: 10.1177/0884533699014005S04
[27]

Vishak MS, Ramasamy K. 2024. Swallowing rehabilitation: tracing the evolution of assessment and intervention approaches for dysphagia over 30 years. Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 76(2):2171−2175

doi: 10.1007/s12070-023-04325-9
[28]

Zhang Y, Wan H, Zhu Y, Wang S, Zheng M, et al. 2024. Evidence summary on the rehabilitative management of dysphagia during radiotherapy for head and neck cancer patients. Frontiers in Oncology 14:1429484

doi: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1429484
[29]

Kuhn MA, Gillespie MB, Ishman SL, Ishii LE, Brody R, et al. 2023. Expert consensus statement: management of dysphagia in head and neck cancer patients. Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 168(4):571−592

doi: 10.1002/ohn.302
[30]

Baijens LWJ, Walshe M, Aaltonen LM, Arens C, Cordier R, et al. 2021. European white paper: oropharyngeal dysphagia in head and neck cancer. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 278(2):577−616

doi: 10.1007/s00405-020-06507-5