[1]

Mao D, Zhong L, Zhao X, Wang L. 2023. Function, biosynthesis, and regulation mechanisms of flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba. Fruit Research 3:18

doi: 10.48130/FruRes-2023-0018
[2]

Li Y, Zhu X, Wang K, Zhu L, Murray M, et al. 2022. The potential of Ginkgo biloba in the treatment of human diseases and the relationship to Nrf2-mediated antioxidant protection. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 74:1689−1699

doi: 10.1093/jpp/rgac036
[3]

Cheng S, Xu F, Wang Y. 2009. Advances in the study of flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba leaves. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 3(13):1248−1252

[4]

Lu Z, Zhu L, Lu J, Shen N, Wang L, et al. 2022. Rejuvenation increases leaf biomass and flavonoid accumulation in Ginkgo biloba. Horticulture Research 9:uhab018

doi: 10.1093/hr/uhab018
[5]

Wendling I, Trueman SJ, Xavier A. 2014. Maturation and related aspects in clonal forestry-part II: reinvigoration, rejuvenation and juvenility maintenance. New Forests 45:473−486

doi: 10.1007/s11056-014-9415-y
[6]

Chang Y, Xue T, Peñuelas J, Sardans J, Zhou J, et al. 2024. A novel rejuvenation approach to improve rooting capacity and its mechanism in Cunninghamia lanceolata. Forest Ecology and Management 563:121992

doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2024.121992
[7]

Liu L, Yang A, Liu T, Liu S, Hu P, et al. 2024. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses of leaves from cutting rejuvenation of ancient Cinnamomum camphora. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25:7664

doi: 10.3390/ijms25147664
[8]

Yuan Y, Khourchi S, Li S, Du Y, Delaplace P. 2023. Unlocking the multifaceted mechanisms of bud outgrowth: advances in understanding shoot branching. Plants 12:3628

doi: 10.3390/plants12203628
[9]

Tang G, Hu Z, Li S, Chen L, Xu Y, et al. 2026. Exogenous hormones regulate the physiological responses and adaptation of Pinus yunnanensis seedlings to top-pruning by altering nutrient allocation and stoichiometric ratios. Industrial Crops and Products 239:122548

doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.122548
[10]

Tan M, Li G, Chen X, Xing L, Ma J, et al. 2019. Role of cytokinin, strigolactone, and auxin export on outgrowth of axillary buds in apple. Frontiers in Plant Science 10:616

doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00616
[11]

Omoarelojie LO, Kulkarni MG, Finnie JF, Van Staden J. 2019. Strigolactones and their crosstalk with other phytohormones. Annals of Botany 124:749−767

doi: 10.1093/aob/mcz100
[12]

Wei J, Yang Q, Ni J, Gao Y, Tang Y, et al. 2022. Early defoliation induces auxin redistribution, promoting paradormancy release in pear buds. Plant Physiology 190:2739−2756

doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiac426
[13]

Barbier FF, Dun EA, Kerr SC, Chabikwa TG, Beveridge CA. 2019. An update on the signals controlling shoot branching. Trends in Plant Science 24:220−236

doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.12.001
[14]

Zhang W, Fan J, Tan Q, Zhao M, Zhou T, et al. 2017. The effects of exogenous hormones on rooting process and the activities of key enzymes of Malus hupehensis stem cuttings. PLoS One 12:e0172320

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172320
[15]

Druege U, Franken P, Hajirezaei MR. 2016. Plant hormone homeostasis, signaling, and function during adventitious root formation in cuttings. Frontiers in Plant Science 7:381

doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00381
[16]

Lu J, Tang H, Li W, Jiang Y, Zou H, et al. 2025. Dual function of GbNAC2 in flavonoid metabolism and hormonal pathways enhances salt tolerance in Ginkgo biloba . Forestry Research 5:e028

doi: 10.48130/forres-0025-0027
[17]

Yang J, Zhang Y, Jia J, Wang C, Fu Y. 2025. Flavonoid-lignin crosstalk: engineering metabolic flux for optimised plant growth and stress resilience. Plant, Cell & Environment 48:8141−8160

doi: 10.1111/pce.70106
[18]

Ibrahim MH, Jaafar HZ. 2011. Enhancement of leaf gas exchange and primary metabolites under carbon dioxide enrichment up-regulates the production of secondary metabolites in Labisia pumila seedlings. Molecules 16:3761−3777

doi: 10.3390/molecules16053761
[19]

Kulić Ž, Lehner MD, Dietz GPH. 2022. Ginkgo biloba leaf extract EGb 761® as a paragon of the product by process concept. Frontiers in Pharmacology 13:1007746

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1007746
[20]

Lu J, Xu Y, Meng Z, Cao M, Liu S, et al. 2021. Integration of morphological, physiological and multi-omics analysis reveals the optimal planting density improving leaf yield and active compound accumulation in Ginkgo biloba. Industrial Crops and Products 172:114055

doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.114055
[21]

Wang Q, Jiang Y, Mao X, Yu W, Lu J, et al. 2022. Integration of morphological, physiological, cytological, metabolome and transcriptome analyses reveal age inhibited accumulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in Ginkgo biloba leaves. Industrial Crops and Products 187:115405

doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.115405
[22]

Matsuki M. 1996. Regulation of plant phenolic synthesis: from biochemistry to ecology and evolution. Australian Journal of Botany 44:613−634

doi: 10.1071/bt9960613
[23]

Cui J, Wang C, Li X, Cui R, Lu Z, et al. 2026. Exogenous trehalose enhances heat tolerance in Ginkgo biloba by activating GbTPS1-mediated sugar and secondary metabolism pathways. Industrial Crops and Products 241:122801

doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122801
[24]

Ma Z, Li S, Zhang M, Jiang S, Xiao Y. 2010. Light intensity affects growth, photosynthetic capability, and total flavonoid accumulation of Anoectochilus plants. HortScience 45:863−867

doi: 10.21273/hortsci.45.6.863
[25]

Barbier FF, Dun EA, Beveridge CA. 2017. Apical dominance. Current Biology 27:R864−R865

doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.024
[26]

Park JE, Park JY, Kim YS, Staswick PE, Jeon J, et al. 2007. GH3-mediated auxin homeostasis links growth regulation with stress adaptation response in Arabidopsis. Journal of Biological Chemistry 282:10036−10046

doi: 10.1074/jbc.M610524200
[27]

Feng K, Chen C, Chen Y, Di J, Feng T, et al. 2025. Targeted-metabolome and transcriptome analysis revealed the mechanisms by which jasmonate and flavonoids regulate Ginkgo biloba adaptation to high-dose NaCl stress. Industrial Crops and Products 234:121492

doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121492
[28]

Zhu T, Wang H, Wang Y, Yang X, Fang S, et al. 2026. Transcriptome-wide association study identifies the ZmbZIP89-ZmSAUR21 module as a key regulator of root growth and drought tolerance in maize. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 68(7):2054−2072

doi: 10.1111/jipb.70220
[29]

Huang S, Zhou B, Gao Z, Li H, Ding Z. 2025. Increased expression of OsSAUR23 and OsRR9 regulates rice plant and organ size. The Crop Journal 13:350−359

doi: 10.1016/j.cj.2024.12.016
[30]

Wybouw B, De Rybel B. 2019. Cytokinin-a developing story. Trends in Plant Science 24:177−185

doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.10.012
[31]

Hwang I, Sheen J. 2001. Two-component circuitry in Arabidopsis cytokinin signal transduction. Nature 413:383−389

doi: 10.1038/35096500
[32]

Zhang X, Li L, He Y, Lang Z, Zhao Y, et al. 2023. The CsHSFA-CsJAZ6 module-mediated high temperature regulates flavonoid metabolism in Camellia sinensis. Plant, Cell & Environment 46:2401−2418

doi: 10.1111/pce.14610
[33]

Lu J, Tong P, Xu Y, Liu S, Jin B, et al. 2023. SA-responsive transcription factor GbMYB36 promotes flavonol accumulation in Ginkgo biloba. Forestry Research 3:19

doi: 10.48130/FR-2023-0019
[34]

Wang Y, Zhang M, Bao L, Long J, Cui X, et al. 2024. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis of flavonoids biosynthesis mechanisms in mulberry fruit (Hongguo 2) under exogenous hormone treatments. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 212:108773

doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108773
[35]

Dong NQ, Lin HX. 2021. Contribution of phenylpropanoid metabolism to plant development and plant-environment interactions. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 63:180−209

doi: 10.1111/jipb.13054
[36]

Liu S, Shuai Y, Wan P, Cao M, Zhang H, et al. 2026. Unraveling the multifaceted roles of the LncNAT1-GbCHS module in Ginkgo biloba for flavonoid biosynthesis and plant development. Forestry Research 6:e006

doi: 10.48130/forres-0026-0006
[37]

Liu S, Shuai Y, Wan P, Cao M, Zhang H, et al. 2026. Unraveling themultifaceted roles of the LncNAT1-GbCHS module in Ginkgo biloba for flavonoid biosynthesis and plant development. Forestry Research 6:e006

doi: 10.48130/forres-0026-0006
[38]

Park S, Kim DH, Lee JY, Ha SH, Lim SH. 2017. Comparative analysis of two flavonol synthases from different-colored onions provides insight into flavonoid biosynthesis. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 65:5287−5298

doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01036
[39]

Naik J, Rajput R, Singh S, Stracke R, Pandey A. 2025. Heat-responsive MaHSF11 transcriptional activator positively regulates flavonol biosynthesis and flavonoid B-ring hydroxylation in banana (Musa acuminata). The Plant Journal 121:e70084

doi: 10.1111/tpj.70084