[1]

Locklear JH. 2011. Phlox: a Natural History and Gardener's Guide. Portland: Timber Press.

[2]

Wherry ET. 1955. The Genus Phlox (Morris Arboretum Monographs III). Lancaster: Wickersham Printing Co.

[3]

Zale PJ. 2014. Germplasm collection, characterization, and enhancement of eastern Phlox species. PhD. Thesis. The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH

[4]

Hawke RG. 2011. A comparative study of Phlox paniculata cultivars. Plant Evaluation Notes 35:1−10

[5]

United States Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service. 2025. 2024 Census of horticultural specialties. Washington, DC: USDA NASS. www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2017/Online_Resources/Census_of_Horticulture_Specialties/index.php

[6]

Levin DA. 1972. The adaptedness of corolla-color variants in experimental and natural populations of Phlox drummondii. The American Naturalist 106:57−70

doi: 10.1086/282751
[7]

Majetic CJ, Levin DA, Raguso RA. 2014. Divergence in floral scent profiles among and within cultivated species of Phlox. Scientia Horticulturae 172:285−291

doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2014.04.024
[8]

Levin DA. 1975. Interspecific hybridization, heterozygosity and gene exchange in Phlox. Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution29:37−51

doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1975.tb00812.x
[9]

Levin DA. 1978. Genetic variation in annual Phlox: self-compatible versus self-incompatible species. Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution 32:245−263

doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1978.tb00641.x
[10]

Levin DA. 1984. Inbreeding depression and proximity-dependent crossing success in Phlox drummondii. Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution 38(1):116−127

doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1984.tb00265.x
[11]

Levin DA, Schaal BA. 1970. Corolla color as an inhibitor of interspecific hybridization in Phlox. The American Naturalist 104:273−283

doi: 10.1086/282661
[12]

Schlichting CD, Levin DA. 1986. Effects of inbreeding on phenotypic plasticity in cultivated Phlox. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 72:114−119

doi: 10.1007/BF00261465
[13]

Levy M, Levin DA. 1971. The origin of novel flavonoids in Phlox allotetraploids. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 68:1627−1630

doi: 10.1073/pnas.68.7.1627
[14]

Levy M, Levin DA. 1975. The novel flavonoid chemistry and phylogenetic origin of Phlox floridana. Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution 29(3):487−499

doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1975.tb00838.x
[15]

Hopkins R, Levin DA, Rausher MD. 2012. Molecular signatures of selection on reproductive character displacement of flower color in Phlox drummondii. Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution 66:469−485

doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01452.x
[16]

Hopkins R, Rausher MD. 2011. Identification of two genes causing reinforcement in the Texas wildflower Phlox drummondii. Nature 469:411−414

doi: 10.1038/nature09641
[17]

Matute DR, Ortiz-Barrientos D. 2014. Speciation: the strength of natural selection driving reinforcement. Current Biology 24:R955−R957

doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.08.033
[18]

Lee D. 2007. Nature's Palette: The Science of Plant Color. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9780226471051_A23610506/preview-9780226471051_A23610506.pdf

[19]

Cochrane S. 2014. The Munsell Color System: a scientific compromise from the world of art. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 47:26−41

doi: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2014.03.004
[20]

Brewer MT, Lang L, Fujimura K, Dujmovic N, Gray S, et al. 2006. Development of a controlled vocabulary and software application to analyze fruit shape variation in tomato and other plant species. Plant Physiology 141:15−25

doi: 10.1104/pp.106.077867
[21]

Kwack MS, Kim EN, Lee H, Kim JW, Chun SC, et al. 2005. Digital image analysis to measure lesion area of cucumber anthracnose by Colletotrichum orbiculare. Journal of General Plant Pathology 71:418−421

doi: 10.1007/s10327-005-0233-0
[22]

Wijekoon CP, Goodwin PH, Hsiang T. 2008. Quantifying fungal infection of plant leaves by digital image analysis using Scion Image software. Journal of Microbiological Methods 74:94−101

doi: 10.1016/j.mimet.2008.03.008
[23]

Arnal Barbedo JG. 2013. Digital image processing techniques for detecting, quantifying and classifying plant diseases. SpringerPlus 2:660

doi: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-660
[24]

Mastrodimos N, Lentzou D, Templalexis C, Tsitsigiannis DI, Xanthopoulos G. 2022. Thermal and digital imaging information acquisition regarding the development of Aspergillus flavus in pistachios against Aspergillus carbonarius in table grapes. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 192:106628

doi: 10.1016/j.compag.2021.106628
[25]

Darrigues A, Schwartz SJ, Francis DM. 2008. Optimizing sampling of tomato fruit for carotenoid content with application to assessing the impact of ripening disorders. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 56:483−487

doi: 10.1021/jf071896v
[26]

Li Q, Wang M, Gu W. 2002. Computer vision based system for apple surface defect detection. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 36:215−223

doi: 10.1016/S0168-1699(02)00093-5
[27]

Yoshioka Y, Ohsawa R, Iwata H, Ninomiya S, Fukuta N. 2006. Quantitative evaluation of petal shape and picotee color pattern in Lisianthus by image analysis. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 131:261−266

doi: 10.21273/JASHS.131.2.261
[28]

Lootens P, Van Waes J, Carlier L. 2007. Evaluation of the tepal colour of Begonia x tuberhybrida Voss. for DUS testing using image analysis. Euphytica 155:135−142

doi: 10.1007/s10681-006-9315-0
[29]

Robarts DWH. 2013. Investigations of morphological and molecular variation in wild and cultivated violets (Viola; Violaceae). PhD. Thesis. The Ohio State University, USA. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1385555287

[30]

Zorić M, Cvejić S, Mladenović E, Jocić S, Babić Z, et al. 2020. Digital image analysis using FloCIA software for ornamental sunflower ray floret color evaluation. Frontiers in Plant Science 11:584822

doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.584822
[31]

Trivellini A, Gordillo B, Rodríguez-Pulido FJ, Borghesi E, Ferrante A, et al. 2014. Effect of salt stress in the regulation of anthocyanins and color of Hibiscus flowers by digital image analysis. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 62:6966−6974

doi: 10.1021/jf502444u
[32]

Swami SB, Ghgare SN, Swami SS, Shinde KJ, Kalse SB, et al. 2020. Natural pigments from plant sources: a review. The Pharma Innovation Journal 9:566−574

[33]

Khoo HE, Azlan A, Tang ST, Lim SM. 2017. Anthocyanidins and anthocyanins: colored pigments as food, pharmaceutical ingredients, and the potential health benefits. Food & Nutrition Research 61:1361779

doi: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1361779
[34]

Robinson GM, Robinson R. 1931. A survey of anthocyanins I. The Biochemical Journal 25:1687−1705

doi: 10.1042/bj0251687
[35]

Wang LS, Hashimoto F, Shiraishi A, Aoki N, Li JJ, et al. 2004. Chemical taxonomy of the Xibei tree peony from China by floral pigmentation. Journal of Plant Research 117:47−55

doi: 10.1007/s10265-003-0130-6
[36]

Zhang J, Wang L, Shu Q, Liu Z, Li C, et al. 2007. Comparison of anthocyanins in non-blotches and blotches of the petals of Xibei tree peony. Scientia Horticulturae 114:104−111

doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2007.05.009
[37]

Strecker J, Rodríguez G, Njanji I, Thomas J, Jack A, et al. 2010. Tomato Analyzer Color Test User Manual Version 3. Athens: University of Georgia. https://vanderknaaplab.uga.edu/files/2024/01/Color_Test_3.0_Manual.pdf

[38]

Des Marais DL, Rausher MD. 2010. Parallel evolution at multiple levels in the origin of hummingbird pollinated flowers in Ipomoea. Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution 64:2044−2054

doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.00972.x
[39]

He Q, Shen Y, Wang M, Huang M, Yang R, et al. 2011. Natural variation in petal color in Lycoris longituba revealed by anthocyanin components. PLoS One 6:e22098

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022098
[40]

Jia N, Shu QY, Wang LS, Du H, Xu YJ, et al. 2008. Analysis of petal anthocyanins to investigate coloration mechanism in herbaceous peony cultivars. Scientia Horticulturae 117:167−173

doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2008.03.016
[41]

Tanaka Y, Brugliera F. 2013. Flower colour and cytochromes P450. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 368(1612):20120432

doi: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0432
[42]

Chen J, Ye H, Wang J, Zhang L. 2023. Relationship between anthocyanin composition and floral color of Hibiscus syriacus. Horticulturae 9(1):48

doi: 10.3390/horticulturae9010048
[43]

Du H, Lai L, Wang F, Sun W, Zhang L, et al. 2018. Characterisation of flower colouration in 30 Rhododendron species via anthocyanin and flavonol identification and quantitative traits. Plant Biology 20(1):121−129

doi: 10.1111/plb.12649
[44]

Cheynier V, Sarni-Manchado P, Quideau S. 2012. Recent Advances in Polyphenol Research. Vol 3. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell. doi: 10.1002/9781118299753

[45]

Yoshida K, Mori M, Kondo T. 2009. Blue flower color development by anthocyanins: from chemical structure to cell physiology. Natural Product Reports 26:884−915

doi: 10.1039/b800165k
[46]

Zhao J, Dixon RA. 2010. The 'ins' and 'outs' of flavonoid transport. Trends in Plant Science 15:72−80

doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2009.11.006
[47]

Markham KR, Gould KS, Winefield CS, Mitchell KA, Bloor SJ, et al. 2000. Anthocyanic vacuolar inclusions − their nature and significance in flower colouration. Phytochemistry 55:327−336

doi: 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00246-6
[48]

Harborne JB, Smith DM. 1978. Correlations between anthocyanin chemistry and pollination ecology in the Polemoniaceae. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 6:127−130

doi: 10.1016/0305-1978(78)90038-8
[49]

Robinson GM, Robinson R. 1932. A survey of anthocyanins II. The Biochemical Journal 26:1647−1664

doi: 10.1042/bj0261647
[50]

Beale GH, Price JR, Sturgess VC. 1941. A survey of anthocyanins VII. The natural selection of flower colour. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 130:113−126

doi: 10.1098/rspb.1941.0008
[51]

Seigler DS. 2012. Plant Secondary Metabolism. New York: Springer Science & Business Media. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4913-0