doi:10.48130/targetome-0026-0044

[1]

Schwartz LW, Osburn BI, Frick OL. 1975. An ontogenic study of histamine and mast cells in the fetal rhesus monkey. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 56:381−386

doi: 10.1016/0091-6749(75)90131-1

[2]

Schwartz J. 1977. Histaminergic mechanisms in brain. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology 17:325−339

doi: 10.1146/annurev.pa.17.040177.001545

[3]

Schwartz J, Dibblee M. 1975. The effect of endotoxins and enzymes in vitro on the release of gingival histamine. Journal of Periodontology 46:662−668

doi: 10.1902/jop.1975.46.11.662

[4]

Schwartz JC. 1975. Histamine as a transmitter in brain. Life Sciences 17:503−517

doi: 10.1016/0024-3205(75)90083-1

[5]

Arrang JM, Garbarg M, Schwartz JC. 1983. Auto-inhibition of brain histamine release mediated by a novel class (H3) of histamine receptor. Nature 302:832−837

doi: 10.1038/302832a0

[6]

Arrang JM, Garbarg M, Lancelot JC, Lecomte JM, Pollard H, et al. 1987. Highly potent and selective ligands for histamine H3-receptors. Nature 327:117−123

doi: 10.1038/327117a0

[7]

Fujimoto K, Mizuguchi H, Fukui H, Wada H. 1991. Presynaptic localization of histamine H3-receptors in rat brain. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 177:907−912

doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(91)90624-g

[8]

Lovenberg TW, Roland BL, Wilson SJ, Jiang X, Pyati J, et al. 1999. Cloning and functional expression of the human histamine H3 receptor. Molecular Pharmacology 55:1101−1107

doi: 10.1016/s0026-895x(24)23263-6

[9]

Cogé F, Guénin SP, Audinot V, Renouard-Try A, Beauverger P, et al. 2001. Genomic organization and characterization of splice variants of the human histamine H3 receptor. Biochemical Journal 355:279−288

doi: 10.1042/0264-6021:3550279

[10]

Pillot C, Heron A, Cochois V, Tardivel-Lacombe J, Ligneau X, et al. 2002. A detailed mapping of the histamine H₃ receptor and its gene transcripts in rat brain. Neuroscience 114:173−193

doi: 10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00135-5

[11]

Schlicker E, Kathmann M. 2017. Role of the histamine H₃ receptor in the central nervous system. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology 241:277−299

doi: 10.1007/164_2016_12

[12]

Ellenbroek BA. 2013. Histamine H₃ receptors, the complex interaction with dopamine and its implications for addiction. British Journal of Pharmacology 170:46−57

doi: 10.1111/bph.12221

[13]

Arrang JM, Morisset S, Gbahou F. 2007. Constitutive activity of the histamine H₃ receptor. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 28:350−357

doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2007.05.002

[14]

Schwartz JC. 2011. The histamine H3 receptor: from discovery to clinical trials with pitolisant. British Journal of Pharmacology 163:713−721

doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01286.x

[15]

Schlicker E, Malinowska B, Kathmann M, Göthert M. 1994. Modulation of neurotransmitter release via histamine H₃ heteroreceptors. Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology 8:128−137

doi: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.1994.tb00789.x

[16]

Brioni JD, Esbenshade TA, Garrison TR, Bitner SR, Cowart MD. 2011. Discovery of histamine H₃ antagonists for the treatment of cognitive disorders and Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 336:38−46

doi: 10.1124/jpet.110.166876

[17]

Ligneau X, Landais L, Perrin D, Piriou J, Uguen M, et al. 2007. Brain histamine and schizophrenia: potential therapeutic applications of H₃-receptor inverse agonists studied with BF2.649. Biochemical Pharmacology 73:1215−1224

doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.01.023

[18]

Hancock AA, Fox GB. 2004. Perspectives on cognitive domains, H₃ receptor ligands and neurological disease. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs 13:1237−1248

doi: 10.1517/13543784.13.10.1237

[19]

Ligneau X, Perrin D, Landais L, Camelin JC, Calmels TPG, et al. 2007. BF2.649 [1-{3-[3-(4-Chlorophenyl)propoxy]propyl}piperidine, hydrochloride], a nonimidazole inverse agonist/antagonist at the human histamine H3 receptor: preclinical pharmacology. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 320:365−375

doi: 10.1124/jpet.106.111039

[20]

Sadek B, Saad A, Sadeq A, Jalal F, Stark H. 2016. Histamine H₃ receptor as a potential target for cognitive symptoms in neuropsychiatric diseases. Behavioural Brain Research 312:415−430

doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.06.051

[21]

Rahman SN, Imhaouran F, Leurs R, Christopoulos A, Valant C, et al. 2024. Ligand-directed biased agonism at human histamine H₃ receptor isoforms across Gα_i/o- and β-arrestin2-mediated pathways. Biochemical Pharmacology 228:115988

doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115988

[22]

Alhusaini M, Eissa N, Saad AK, Beiram R, Sadek B. 2022. Revisiting preclinical observations of several histamine H3 receptor antagonists/inverse agonists in cognitive impairment, anxiety, depression, and sleep-wake cycle disorder. Frontiers in Pharmacology 13:861094

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.861094

[23]

Xu J, Pittenger C. 2023. The histamine H₃ receptor modulates dopamine D₂ receptor-dependent signaling pathways and mouse behaviors. Journal of Biological Chemistry 299:104583

doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104583

[24]

Zhou Z, Zhang Y, Han F, Chen Z, Zheng Y. 2023. Umbelliferone protects against cerebral ischemic injury through selective autophagy of mitochondria. Neurochemistry International 165:105520

doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105520

[25]

Zhang X, Liu G, Zhong YN, Zhang R, Yang CC, et al. 2024. Structural basis of ligand recognition and activation of the histamine receptor family. Nature Communications 15:8296

doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-52585-y

[26]

Shen Q, Tang X, Wen X, Cheng S, Xiao P, et al. 2024. Molecular determinant underlying selective coupling of primary G-protein by class A GPCRs. Advanced Science 11:e2310120

doi: 10.1002/advs.202310120

[27]

Jin SS, Zhang H, Yan JH, Wu CR, Cai XQ, et al. 2026. Decoding ligand recognition and constitutive activation of histamine H₃ and H₄ receptors. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 47:186−196

doi: 10.1038/s41401-025-01633-4

[28]

Höring C, Conrad M, Söldner CA, Wang J, Sticht H, et al. 2021. Specific engineered G protein coupling to histamine receptors revealed from cellular assay experiments and accelerated molecular dynamics simulations. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22:10047

doi: 10.3390/ijms221810047

[29]

Conrad M, Söldner CA, Miao Y, Sticht H. 2020. Agonist binding and G protein coupling in histamine H₂ receptor: a molecular dynamics study. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21:6693

doi: 10.3390/ijms21186693

[30]

Inoue A, Raimondi F, Kadji FMN, Singh G, Kishi T, et al. 2019. Illuminating G-protein-coupling selectivity of GPCRs. Cell 177:1933−1947.e25

doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.04.044

[31]

Zheng Y, Liao J, Fang Z, Tang X, Zhou Z, et al. 2026. Biased histamine signaling selectively gates fat preference. Neuron 114:479−491.e7

doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2025.10.035

[32]

Yan H, Zhang X, Hu W, Ma J, Hou W, et al. 2014. Histamine H₃ receptors aggravate cerebral ischaemic injury by histamine-independent mechanisms. Nature Communications 5:3334

doi: 10.1038/ncomms4334

[33]

Peng X, Yang L, Liu Z, Lou S, Mei S, et al. 2022. Structural basis for recognition of antihistamine drug by human histamine receptor. Nature Communications 13:6105

doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-33880-y

[34]

García-Gálvez AM, Escamilla-Sánchez J, Flores-Maldonado C, Contreras RG, Arias JM, et al. 2018. Differential homologous desensitization of the human histamine H₃ receptors of 445 and 365 amino acids expressed in CHO-K1 cells. Neurochemistry International 112:114−123

doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.11.009

[35]

Rahman SN, McNaught-Flores DA, Huppelschoten Y, da Costa Pereira D, Christopoulos A, et al. 2023. Structural and molecular determinants for isoform bias at human histamine H₃ receptor isoforms. ACS Chemical Neuroscience 14:645−656

doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00425

[36]

Dehkhoda F, Xing J, Misganaw D, Mutunduwe K, Han MN, et al. 2026. GPCR crosstalk beyond obligate dimerisation: effector coincidence detection, compartmentation, and pharmacological implications. Pharmacology & Therapeutics 285:109056

doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2026.109056

[37]

Cong Z, Liang YL, Zhou Q, Darbalaei S, Zhao F, et al. 2022. Structural perspective of class B1 GPCR signaling. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 43:321−334

doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2022.01.002

[38]

Gao M, Dekker ME, Leurs R, Vischer HF. 2024. Pharmacological characterization of seven human histamine H₃ receptor isoforms. European Journal of Pharmacology 968:176450

doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176450

[39]

Riddy DM, Cook AE, Diepenhorst NA, Bosnyak S, Brady R, et al. 2017. Isoform-specific biased agonism of histamine H3 receptor agonists. Molecular Pharmacology 91:87−99

doi: 10.1124/mol.116.106153

[40]

Gbahou F, Rouleau A, Arrang JM. 2012. The histamine autoreceptor is a short isoform of the H₃ receptor. British Journal of Pharmacology 166:1860−1871

doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01913.x

[41]

Gao M, Ooms JF, Leurs R, Vischer HF. 2024. Histamine H₃ receptor isoforms: insights from alternative splicing to functional complexity. Biomolecules 14:761

doi: 10.3390/biom14070761

[42]

Bhatia S, Field MA, Hebbard L, Schmitz U. 2025. Bioinformatics frameworks for single-cell long-read sequencing: unlocking isoform-level resolution. Briefings in Bioinformatics 26:bbaf655

doi: 10.1093/bib/bbaf655

[43]

Joglekar A, Hu W, Zhang B, Narykov O, Diekhans M, et al. 2024. Single-cell long-read sequencing-based mapping reveals specialized splicing patterns in developing and adult mouse and human brain. Nature Neuroscience 27:1051−1063

doi: 10.1038/s41593-024-01616-4

[44]

Huang CK, Lin WD, Wu SH. 2022. An improved repertoire of splicing variants and their potential roles in Arabidopsis photomorphogenic development. Genome Biology 23:50

doi: 10.1186/s13059-022-02620-2

[45]

Fu Y, Kim H, Roy S, Huang S, Adams JI, et al. 2025. Single cell and spatial alternative splicing analysis with nanopore long read sequencing. Nature Communications 16:6654

doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-60902-2

[46]

Hansen MS, Hill CJ, Sussel L, Wells KL. 2026. Optimizing single-cell long-read sequencing for enhanced isoform detection in pancreatic islets. Diabetes 75:606−616

doi: 10.2337/db25-0424

[47]

Han SW, Jewell S, Thomas-Tikhonenko A, Barash Y. 2024. Contrasting and combining transcriptome complexity captured by short and long RNA sequencing reads. Genome Research 34:1624−1635

doi: 10.1101/gr.278659.123

[48]

Ake F, Schilling M, Fernández-Moya SM, Jaya Ganesh A, Gutiérrez-Franco A, et al. 2025. Quantification of transcript isoforms at the single-cell level using SCALPEL. Nature Communications 16:6402

doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-61118-0

[49]

Rapanelli M, Frick LR, Horn KD, Schwarcz RC, Pogorelov V, et al. 2016. The histamine H₃ receptor differentially modulates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Akt signaling in striatonigral and striatopallidal neurons. Journal of Biological Chemistry 291:21042−21052

doi: 10.1074/jbc.M116.731406

[50]

Jiang L, Cheng L, Chen H, Dai H, An D, et al. 2021. Histamine H₂ receptor negatively regulates oligodendrocyte differentiation in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic white matter injury. Journal of Experimental Medicine 218:e20191365

doi: 10.1084/jem.20191365

[51]

Pittenger C. 2020. The histidine decarboxylase model of tic pathophysiology: a new focus on the histamine H₃ receptor. British Journal of Pharmacology 177:570−579

doi: 10.1111/bph.14606

[52]

Rapanelli M, Frick L, Pogorelov V, Ohtsu H, Bito H, et al. 2017. Histamine H3R receptor activation in the dorsal striatum triggers stereotypies in a mouse model of tic disorders. Translational Psychiatry 7:e1013

doi: 10.1038/tp.2016.290

[53]

Rapanelli M, Frick L, Jindachomthong K, Xu J, Ohtsu H, et al. 2018. Striatal signaling regulated by the H3R histamine receptor in a mouse model of tic pathophysiology. Neuroscience 392:172−179

doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.09.035

[54]

Nakajima A, Kaneko H, Oyama K, Kuchiji M, Itakura A, et al. 2026. Activity-restoring mutations in the histamine H₃ receptor increase constitutive activity and reduce structural stability. Protein Science 35:e70408

doi: 10.1002/pro.70408

[55]

Oesterhelt D, Stoeckenius W. 1971. Rhodopsin-like protein from the purple membrane of Halobacterium halobium. Nature New Biology 233:149−152

doi: 10.1038/newbio233149a0

[56]

Nagel G, Ollig D, Fuhrmann M, Kateriya S, Musti AM, et al. 2002. Channelrhodopsin-1: a light-gated proton channel in green algae. Science 296:2395−2398

doi: 10.1126/science.1072068

[57]

Nagel G, Szellas T, Huhn W, Kateriya S, Adeishvili N, et al. 2003. Channelrhodopsin-2, a directly light-gated cation-selective membrane channel. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 100:13940−13945

doi: 10.1073/pnas.1936192100

[58]

Boyden ES, Zhang F, Bamberg E, Nagel G, Deisseroth K. 2005. Millisecond-timescale, genetically targeted optical control of neural activity. Nature Neuroscience 8:1263−1268

doi: 10.1038/nn1525

[59]

Deisseroth K, Feng G, Majewska AK, Miesenböck G, Ting A, et al. 2006. Next-generation optical technologies for illuminating genetically targeted brain circuits. Journal of Neuroscience 26:10380−10386

doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3863-06.2006

[60]

Wijtmans M, Josimovic I, Vischer HF, Leurs R. 2022. Optical control of Class A G protein-coupled receptors with photoswitchable ligands. Current Opinion in Pharmacology 63:102192

doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102192

[61]

Raabe K, Kalaba P, Yong XLH, Crudeli G, Melzer S, et al. 2026. Photocaged oxytocin and vasopressin probes to decipher neuropeptide signalling with high spatiotemporal resolution. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 65:e13373

doi: 10.1002/anie.202513373

[62]

Maleeva G, Matera C, Roda S, Colleoni A, De Amici M, et al. 2025. Molecular tools to study and control dopaminergic neurotransmission with light. Medicinal Research Reviews 45:1407−1422

doi: 10.1002/med.22112

[63]

Zhou X, Du L, Li M. 2025. Recent progress in azobenzene-based in vivo photopharmacology. Medicinal Research Reviews 45:1597−1629

doi: 10.1002/med.22120

[64]

Hu T, Zheng G, Xue D, Zhao S, Li F, et al. 2021. Rational remodeling of atypical scaffolds for the design of photoswitchable cannabinoid receptor tools. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 64:13752−13765

doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01088

[65]

Donthamsetti P, Konrad DB, Hetzler B, Fu Z, Trauner D, et al. 2021. Selective photoswitchable allosteric agonist of a G protein-coupled receptor. Journal of the American Chemical Society 143:8951−8956

doi: 10.1021/jacs.1c02586

[66]

Josimovic I, Zheng Y, Wang Z, van der Meer T, Wijtmans M, et al. 2026. Optical control of H₁ receptor signaling with a BODIPY-photocaged antihistamine. Biochemical Pharmacology 246:117705

doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2026.117705

[67]

Hauwert NJ, Mocking TAM, Da Costa Pereira D, Kooistra AJ, Wijnen LM, et al. 2018. Synthesis and characterization of a bidirectional photoswitchable antagonist toolbox for real-time GPCR photopharmacology. Journal of the American Chemical Society 140:4232−4243

doi: 10.1021/jacs.7b11422

[68]

Roche O, Nettekoven M, Vifian W, Sarmiento RM. 2008. Refinement of histamine H₃ ligands pharmacophore model leads to a new class of potent and selective naphthalene inverse agonists. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 18:4377−4379

doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.06.062

[69]

Wijtmans M, Celanire S, Snip E, Gillard MR, Gelens E, et al. 2008. 4-Benzyl-1H-imidazoles with oxazoline termini as histamine H₃ receptor agonists. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 51:2944−2953

doi: 10.1021/jm7014149

[70]

Ferrada C, Moreno E, Casadó V, Bongers G, Cortés A, et al. 2009. Marked changes in signal transduction upon heteromerization of dopamine D₁ and histamine H₃ receptors. British Journal of Pharmacology 157:64−75

doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00152.x

[71]

Moreno-Delgado D, Puigdellívol M, Moreno E, Rodríguez-Ruiz M, Botta J, et al. 2020. Modulation of dopamine D₁ receptors via histamine H₃ receptors is a novel therapeutic target for Huntington's disease. eLife 9:e51093

doi: 10.7554/eLife.51093

[72]

Lin W, Zhu X, Yu X, Xia Q, Yan M, et al. 2025. BNST-projecting histaminergic circuits mediate state-dependent anxiety behavior through post-synaptic histamine H₃ receptors on GABAergic neurons. Progress in Neurobiology 253:102833

doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2025.102833

[73]

Zhao X, Yan Y, Liang J, Zhang Y, Li M, et al. 2026. Histamine H₃ receptors in the paraventricular thalamus link sleep loss to fat overconsumption. Cell Reports 45:116967

doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2026.116967

[74]

Ma Y, Patterson B, Zhu L. 2025. Biased signaling in GPCRs: structural insights and implications for drug development. Pharmacology & Therapeutics 266:108786

doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108786

[75]

Xu N, Legall E, Johnson RH, Zhu L, Liu W. 2025. Elucidating biased signaling in class A GPCRs. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 46:1190−1208

doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2025.10.008

[76]

Wang T, Wang Y, Xie H, Wu Z, Yu S, et al. 2025. Tegileridine for moderate-to-severe acute pain following abdominal surgery: a randomized, double-blind, phase 3 clinical trial. Cell Reports Medicine 6:102477

doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102477

[77]

Wang H, Hetzer F, Huang W, Qu Q, Meyerowitz J, et al. 2022. Structure-based evolution of G protein-biased μ-opioid receptor agonists. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61:e202200269

doi: 10.1002/anie.202200269

[78]

Markham A. 2020. Oliceridine: first approval. Drugs 80:1739−1744

doi: 10.1007/s40265-020-01414-9

[79]

Kelly E, Conibear A, Henderson G. 2023. Biased agonism: lessons from studies of opioid receptor agonists. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology 63:491−515

doi: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-052120-091058

[80]

Suno-Ikeda C, Nishikawa R, Suzuki R, Yokoi S, Iwata S, et al. 2025. Structural and dynamic insights into the biased signaling mechanism of the human kappa opioid receptor. Nature Communications 16:9392

doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-64882-1

[81]

Namkung Y, Le Gouill C, Lukashova V, Kobayashi H, Hogue M, et al. 2016. Monitoring G protein-coupled receptor and β-arrestin trafficking in live cells using enhanced bystander BRET. Nature Communications 7:12178

doi: 10.1038/ncomms12178

[82]

Kuramoto R, Ikuta T, Carino CMC, Kawakami K, Kushiro M, et al. 2025. Membrane-domain compartmentalization of active GPCRs by β-arrestins through PtdIns(4, 5)P₂ binding. Nature Chemical Biology 21:1927−1937

doi: 10.1038/s41589-025-01967-4

[83]

Wang J, Hanada K, Staus DP, Makara MA, Dahal GR, et al. 2017. Gα_i is required for carvedilol-induced β₁ adrenergic receptor β-arrestin biased signaling. Nature Communications 8:1706

doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-01855-z

[84]

Kumari P, Srivastava A, Banerjee R, Ghosh E, Gupta P, et al. 2016. Functional competence of a partially engaged GPCR-β-arrestin complex. Nature Communications 7:13416

doi: 10.1038/ncomms13416

[85]

Shao Z, Yin J, Chapman K, Grzemska M, Clark L, et al. 2016. High-resolution crystal structure of the human CB1 cannabinoid receptor. Nature 540:602−606

doi: 10.1038/nature20613

[86]

Yang X, Wang X, Xu Z, Wu C, Zhou Y, et al. 2022. Molecular mechanism of allosteric modulation for the cannabinoid receptor CB1. Nature Chemical Biology 18:831−840

doi: 10.1038/s41589-022-01038-y

[87]

Shen S, Wu C, Lin G, Yang X, Zhou Y, et al. 2024. Structure-based identification of a G protein-biased allosteric modulator of cannabinoid receptor CB1. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 121:e2321532121

doi: 10.1073/pnas.2321532121

[88]

Arroyo-Urea S, Nazarova AL, Carrión-Antolí Á, Bonifazi A, Battiti FO, et al. 2024. A bitopic agonist bound to the dopamine 3 receptor reveals a selectivity site. Nature Communications 15:7759

doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-51993-4

[89]

Faouzi A, Wang H, Zaidi SA, DiBerto JF, Che T, et al. 2023. Structure-based design of bitopic ligands for the µ-opioid receptor. Nature 613:767−774

doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-05588-y

[90]

Waldhoer M, Fong J, Jones RM, Lunzer MM, Sharma SK, et al. 2005. A heterodimer-selective agonist shows in vivo relevance of G protein-coupled receptor dimers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 102:9050−9055

doi: 10.1073/pnas.0501112102

[91]

Zangrandi L, Burtscher J, MacKay JP, Colmers WF, Schwarzer C. 2016. The G-protein biased partial κ opioid receptor agonist 6'-GNTI blocks hippocampal paroxysmal discharges without inducing aversion. British Journal of Pharmacology 173:1756−1767

doi: 10.1111/bph.13474

[92]

Liao YY, Zhang H, Shen Q, Cai C, Ding Y, et al. 2023. Snapshot of the cannabinoid receptor 1-arrestin complex unravels the biased signaling mechanism. Cell 186:5784−5797.e17

doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.11.017

[93]

Hishinuma S, Kosaka K, Akatsu C, Uesawa Y, Fukuiet H, et al. 2017. Asp73-dependent and -independent regulation of the affinity of ligands for human histamine H₁ receptors by Na⁺. Biochemical Pharmacology 128:46−54

doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.12.021

[94]

Nagl, M. 2024. Synthesis and pharmacological characterization of bivalent and fluorescent ligands to detect receptor dimerization for the D2-H3 heteromer. Dissertation. University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany doi: 10.5283/epub.53449

[95]

Mönnich, D. 2025. Characterization of monomers and heteromers of the dopamine and histamine receptor families using bioluminescence- and radioactivity-based techniques. Dissertation. University of Regensburg, Regensburg, German doi: 10.5283/epub.58594

[96]

Arora S, Layek B, Singh J. 2021. Design and validation of liposomal ApoE2 gene delivery system to evade blood-brain barrier for effective treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Molecular Pharmaceutics 18:714−725

doi: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00461

[97]

Xiao H, Amarsaikhan O, Zhao Y, Yu X, Hu X, et al. 2023. Astrocyte-targeted siRNA delivery by adenosine-functionalized LNP in mouse TBI model. Molecular Therapy Nucleic Acids 34:102065

doi: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.102065

[98]

Sharma R, Liaw K, Sharma A, Jimenez A, Chang M, et al. 2021. Glycosylation of PAMAM dendrimers significantly improves tumor macrophage targeting and specificity in glioblastoma. Journal of Controlled Release 337:179−192

doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.07.018

[99]

Fangma Y, Liu M, Liao J, Chen Z, Zheng Y. 2023. Dissecting the brain with spatially resolved multi-omics. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 13:694−710

doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.04.003

[100]

Xia M, Liu Q, Zhang W, Ge J, Mei Z. 2025. Spatiotemporal dynamics of central nervous system diseases: advancing translational neuropathology via single-cell and spatial multiomics. MedComm 6:e70328

doi: 10.1002/mco2.70328

[101]

Cao CK, Xu XY, Liang F, Yao M, Chen YY, et al. 2026. Nanobodies in biomedicine: from molecular characteristics to fabrication and clinical translation. Military Medical Research 13:100009

doi: 10.1016/j.mmr.2026.100009

[102]

Li H, Li J, Liu X, Wei X, Zeng X, et al. 2026. Nanotechnology-enhanced CAR-T therapy strategies in cancer, aging, and autoimmune diseases. Journal of Hematology & Oncology 19:44

doi: 10.1186/s13045-026-01805-7

[103]

Hawrylycz MJ, Lein ES, Guillozet-Bongaarts AL, Shen EH, Ng L, et al. 2012. An anatomically comprehensive atlas of the adult human brain transcriptome. Nature 489:391−399

doi: 10.1038/nature11405

[104]

Butler A, Hoffman P, Smibert P, Papalexi E, Satija R. 2018. Integrating single-cell transcriptomic data across different conditions, technologies, and species. Nature Biotechnology 36:411−420

doi: 10.1038/nbt.4096

[105]

Andreatta M, Carmona SJ. 2021. UCell: Robust and scalable single-cell gene signature scoring. Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal 19:3796−3798

doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.06.043

[106]

DeTomaso D, Jones MG, Subramaniam M, Ashuach T, Ye CJ, et al. 2019. Functional interpretation of single cell similarity maps. Nature Communications 10:4376

doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12235-0

[107]

Zhang XH, Anderson KM, Dong HM, Chopra S, Dhamala E, et al. 2025. The cell-type underpinnings of the human functional cortical connectome. Nature Neuroscience 28:150−160

doi: 10.1038/s41593-024-01812-2

[108]

Zhang H, Liu Y, Jiang S, Fang Z, Jiang M, et al. 2026. Transcriptomic and neuroimaging decoding of brain-immune crosstalk in thyroid eye disease. Advanced Science 13:e23609

doi: 10.1002/advs.202523609

[109]

Lin W, Xu L, Zheng Y, An S, Zhao M, et al. 2023. Whole-brain mapping of histaminergic projections in mouse brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 120:e2216231120

doi: 10.1073/pnas.2216231120