doi:10.48130/fmr-0026-0016

[1]

Syakilla N, George R, Chye FY, Pindi W, Mantihal S, et al. 2022. A review on nutrients, phytochemicals, and health benefits of green seaweed, Caulerpa lentillifera. Foods 11(18):2832

doi: 10.3390/foods11182832

[2]

Zhou W, Wang Y, Xu R, Tian J, Li T, et al. 2024. Comparative analysis of the nutrient composition of Caulerpa lentillifera from various cultivation sites. Foods 14(3):474

doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5045026/v1

[3]

Gao D, Sun Z, Huang C, Yao J, Wang Y, et al. 2020. First record of Caulerpa lentillifera J. agardh (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) from China. Marine Biology Research 16(1):44−49

doi: 10.1080/17451000.2019.1702215

[4]

Benzie JAH, Price IR, Ballment E. 1997. Population genetics and taxonomy of Caulerpa (chlorophyta) from the great barrier reef, Australia. Journal of Phycology 33(3):491−504

doi: 10.1111/j.0022-3646.1997.00491.x

[5]

Nurkolis F, Taslim NA, Qhabibi FR, Kang S, Moon M, et al. 2023. Ulvophyte green algae Caulerpa lentillifera: metabolites profile and antioxidant, anticancer, anti-obesity, and in vitro cytotoxicity properties. Molecules 28(3):1365

doi: 10.3390/molecules28031365

[6]

Sharma R, Mondal AS, Trivedi N. 2023. Anticancer potential of algae-derived metabolites: recent updates and breakthroughs. Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 9(1):44

doi: 10.1186/s43094-023-00492-2

[7]

Chen X, Sun Y, Liu H, Liu S, Qin Y, et al. 2019. Advances in cultivation, wastewater treatment application, bioactive components of Caulerpa lentillifera and their biotechnological applications. PeerJ 7:e6118

doi: 10.7717/peerj.6118

[8]

du Preez R, Majzoub ME, Thomas T, Panchal SK, Brown L. 2020. Caulerpa lentillifera (sea grapes) improves cardiovascular and metabolic health of rats with diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Metabolites 10(12):500

doi: 10.3390/metabo10120500

[9]

Moreira JB, da Silva Vaz B, Cardias BB, Cruz CG, de Almeida ACA, et al. 2022. Microalgae polysaccharides: an alternative source for food production and sustainable agriculture. Polysaccharides 3(2):441−457

doi: 10.3390/polysaccharides3020027

[10]

Costa JAV, Lucas BF, Alvarenga AGP, Moreira JB, de Morais MG. 2021. Microalgae polysaccharides: an overview of production, characterization, and potential applications. Polysaccharides 2(4):759−772

doi: 10.3390/polysaccharides2040046

[11]

You Y, Song H, Wang L, Peng H, Sun Y, et al. 2022. Structural characterization and SARS-CoV-2 inhibitory activity of a sulfated polysaccharide from Caulerpa lentillifera. Carbohydrate Polymers 280:119006

doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.119006

[12]

Le B, Do DT, Nguyen HM, Do BH, Le HT. 2022. Preparation, characterization, and anti-adhesive activity of sulfate polysaccharide from Caulerpa lentillifera against Helicobacter pylori. Polymers 14(22):4993

doi: 10.3390/polym14224993

[13]

Srinorasing T, Chirasuwan N, Bunnag B, Chaiklahan R. 2021. Lipid extracts from Caulerpa lentillifera waste: an alternative product in a circular economy. Sustainability 13(8):4491

doi: 10.3390/su13084491

[14]

Cuomo P, Medaglia C, Allocca I, Montone AMI, Guerra F, et al. 2021. Caulerpin mitigates Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation via formyl peptide receptors. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22(23):13154

doi: 10.3390/ijms222313154

[15]

Osotprasit S, Samrit T, Chaiwichien A, Changklungmoa N, Meemon K, et al. 2021. Toxicity and anti-oxidation capacity of the extracts from Caulerpa lentillifera. Chiang Mai University Journal of Natural Sciences 20(3):e2021065

doi: 10.12982/CMUJNS.2021.065

[16]

Mert-Ozupek N, Calibasi-Kocal G, Olgun N, Basbinar Y, Cavas L, et al. 2022. An efficient and quick analytical method for the quantification of an algal alkaloid caulerpin showed in-vitro anticancer activity against colorectal cancer. Marine Drugs 20(12):757

doi: 10.3390/md20120757

[17]

Xia X, Wu Y, Chen Z, Du D, Chen X, et al. 2024. Colon cancer inhibitory properties of Caulerpa lentillifera polysaccharide and its molecular mechanisms based on three-dimensional cell culture model. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 267:131574

doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131574

[18]

Yoojam S, Ontawong A, Lailerd N, Mengamphan K, Amornlerdpison D. 2021. The enhancing immune response and anti-inflammatory effects of Caulerpa lentillifera extract in RAW 264.7 cells. Molecules 26(19):5734

doi: 10.3390/molecules26195734

[19]

Hapsari Y, Rahmawati SI, Izzati F, Septiana E, Bustanussalam, et al. 2023. Caulerpa lentillifera as a potential nutraceutical resource. The First International Conference on Neuroscience and Learning Technology (Iconsatin 2021), Jember, Indonesia, 15–16 November 2021. USA: AIP Publishing. doi: 10.1063/5.0119997

[20]

Sangpairoj K, Pranweerapaiboon K, Saengkhae C, Meemon K, Niamnont N, et al. 2024. Extracts of tropical green seaweed Caulerpa lentillifera reduce hepatic lipid accumulation by modulating lipid metabolism molecules in HepG2 cells. Heliyon 10(6):e27635

doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27635

[21]

Rajasegaran R, Elengoe A, Woo SP, Abd Hamd MA, Yahaya N, et al. 2024. Analysis of volatile compounds in Caulerpa lentillifera for anti-proliferative studies in HEPG2 liver cancer cells and in silico comparison. Pharmacognosy Research 16(4):854−860

doi: 10.5530/pres.16.4.97

[22]

Afzal S, Yadav AK, Poonia AK, Choure K, Yadav AN, et al. 2023. Antimicrobial therapeutics isolated from algal source: retrospect and prospect. Biologia 78(2):291−305

doi: 10.1007/s11756-022-01207-3

[23]

Liang L, Su Q, Ma Y, Zhao S, Zhang H, et al. 2024. Research progress on the polysaccharide extraction and antibacterial activity. Annals of Microbiology 74(1):17

doi: 10.1186/s13213-024-01762-x

[24]

Sopon A, Thongdet E, Punnarak P, Suksai S. 2020. The potential of sea grapes (Caulerpa lentillifera) extracted polysaccharide as prebiotics on inhibiting pathogenic bacteria Vibrio parahaemolyticus. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 11(12):572−576

doi: 10.18178/ijesd.2020.11.12.1309

[25]

Rodríguez B, Pacheco L, Bernal I, Piña M. 2023. Mechanisms of action of flavonoids: antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal properties. Ciencia, Ambiente y Clima 6(2):33−66

doi: 10.22206/cac.2023.v6i2.3021

[26]

Coşkun N, Demir R, Canbolat AA, Sarıtaş S, Pekdemir B, et al. 2025. Polyphenols as antiviral agents: their potential against a range of virus types. Nutrients 17(14):2325

doi: 10.3390/nu17142325

[27]

Salih AEM, Thissera B, Yaseen M, Hassane ASI, El-Seedi HR, et al. 2021. Marine sulfated polysaccharides as promising antiviral agents: a comprehensive report and modeling study focusing on SARS-CoV-2. Marine Drugs 19(8):406

doi: 10.3390/md19080406

[28]

Yim S, Kim K, Kim I, Chun S, Oh T, et al. 2021. Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 virus entry by the crude polysaccharides of seaweeds and abalone viscera in vitro. Marine Drugs 19(4):219

doi: 10.3390/md19040219

[29]

Panggabean JA, Adiguna SP, Rahmawati SI, Ahmadi P, Zainuddin EN, et al. 2022. Antiviral activities of algal-based sulfated polysaccharides. Molecules 27(4):1178

doi: 10.3390/molecules27041178

[30]

Alvarez C, Félix C, Lemos M. 2023. The antiviral potential of algal lectins. Marine Drugs 21(10):515

doi: 10.3390/md21100515

[31]

Hans N, Malik A, Naik S. 2021. Antiviral activity of sulfated polysaccharides from marine algae and its application in combating COVID-19: mini review. Bioresource Technology Reports 13:100623

doi: 10.1016/j.biteb.2020.100623

[32]

Lefter R, Balyan P, Balmus I, Ech-Chahad A, Ali A, et al. 2024. Polysaccharides and lectins: a natural complementary approach against the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Microbiology Research 15(2):525−549

doi: 10.3390/microbiolres15020035

[33]

Codorniz KD, Marquina REM, Nolasco ADG, Palencia PDD, Mata SB. 2020. Evaluation of the hepatoprotective effect of methanolic extract of Caulerpa lentillifera against acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity in juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio). Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi 16(1):31−38

doi: 10.20885/jif.vol16.iss1.art4

[34]

Flórez-Fernández N, Rodríguez-Coello A, Latire T, Bourgougnon N, Torres MD, et al. 2023. Anti-inflammatory potential of ulvan. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 253:126936

doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126936

[35]

Khairuddin K, Sudirman S, Huang L, Kong ZL. 2020. Caulerpa lentillifera polysaccharides-rich extract reduces oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines levels associated with male reproductive functions in diabetic mice. Applied Sciences 10(24):8768

doi: 10.3390/app10248768

[36]

Muchtaridi M, Az-Zahra F, Wongso H, Setyawati LU, Novitasari D, et al. 2024. Molecular mechanism of natural food antioxidants to regulate ROS in treating cancer: a review. Antioxidants 13(2):207

doi: 10.3390/antiox13020207

[37]

Khairunnur S, Ahmad A, Arfah RA, Zenta F, Nafie NL, et al. 2022. Isolation and identification of anticancer-protein-producing symbiotic bacteria from green algae Caulerpa lentillifera. The 9TH International Conference of the Indonesian Chemical Society Icics 2021: Toward a Meaningful Society, Mataram, Indonesia, 11–13 August 2021. USA: AIP Publishing. doi: 10.1063/5.0104089

[38]

Manmuan S, Sirirak T, Tubtimsri S, Petchsomrit A, Chuenbarn T. 2025. Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxic effects of Caulerpa lentillifera extracts inducing cell apoptosis and sub-G/G0-G1 cell cycle arrest in KON oral cancer cells. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies 25(1):101

doi: 10.1186/s12906-025-04835-9

[39]

Manoppo JIC, Nurkolis F, Pramono A, Ardiaria M, Murbawani EA, et al. 2022. Amelioration of obesity-related metabolic disorders via supplementation of Caulerpa lentillifera in rats fed with a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet. Frontiers in Nutrition 9:1010867

doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1010867

[40]

Rushdi MI, Abdel-Rahman IAM, Attia EZ, Abdelraheem WM, Saber H, et al. 2020. A review on the diversity, chemical and pharmacological potential of the green algae genus Caulerpa. South African Journal of Botany 132:226−241

doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2020.04.031

[41]

Tang C, Zhou R, Cao K, Liu J, Kan J, et al. 2023. Current progress in the hypoglycemic mechanisms of natural polysaccharides. Food & Function 14(10):4490−4506

doi: 10.1039/D3FO00991B

[42]

Windrayani E, Ekantari N. 2021. The fortification effects of sea grapes (Caulerpa racemosa) powder on color and sensory of hakau dim sum wrappers. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 919(1):012048

doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/919/1/012048

[43]

Thépot V, Campbell AH, Paul NA, Rimmer MA. 2021. Seaweed dietary supplements enhance the innate immune response of the mottled rabbitfish, Siganus fuscescens. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 113:176−184

doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.03.018

[44]

Dewi EN, Purnamayati L. 2023. The effect of natural dye from Caulerpa sp. microcapsules on jelly drink quality. Food Research 7:1−11

doi: 10.26656/fr.2017.7(S3).1

[45]

Santosa GW, Djunaedi A, Susanto AB, Pringgenies D, Ariyanto D, et al. 2024. The potential two types of green macroalgae (Caulerpa racemosa and Caulerpa lentillifera) as a natural food preservative from Jepara beach, Indonesia. Trends in Sciences 21(5):7394−7394

doi: 10.48048/tis.2024.7394

[46]

Pareek S, Sagar NA, Sharma S, Kumar V, Agarwal T, et al. 2017. Chlorophylls: chemistry and biological functions. In Fruit and Vegetable Phytochemicals: Chemistry and Human Health, ed. Yahia EM. United States: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 269−284 doi: 10.1002/9781119158042.ch14

[47]

Yahya MFZR, Nor NHM, Mahat MM, Siburian R. 2024. Edible coating, food-contact surface coating, and nanosensor for biofilm mitigation plans in food industry. Food Materials Research 4:e025

doi: 10.48130/fmr-0024-0016

[48]

Yahya MFZR, Jalil MTM, Jamil NM, Nor NHM, Alhajj N, et al. 2025. Biofilms and multidrug resistance: an emerging crisis and the need for multidisciplinary interventions. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 13:1625356

doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1625356

[49]

Safini INM, Zakaria NFS, Saad MIH, Yahya MFZ, Jamil NM. 2024. Understanding bacterial persistence under antibiotic pressure: a review. Science Letters 18(2):56−69

doi: 10.24191/sl.v18i2.27017

[50]

Zhu Z, Han Y, Ding Y, Zhu B, Song S, et al. 2021. Health effects of dietary sulfated polysaccharides from seafoods and their interaction with gut microbiota. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 20(3):2882−2913

doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.12754

[51]

Khan I, Bai Y, Zha L, Ullah N, Ullah H, et al. 2021. Mechanism of the gut microbiota colonization resistance and enteric pathogen infection. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology 11:716299

doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.716299

[52]

Rehman S, Nisar L, Mercado GM, Ali M, Tahir S, et al. 2025. Bacillus clausii: a probiotic approach to combating intestinal infections. Journal of Medical & Health Sciences Review 2(2):6320–6331

doi: 10.62019/7pd46t17

[53]

Yaqub MO, Jain A, Joseph CE, Edison LK. 2025. Microbiome-driven therapeutics: from gut health to precision medicine. Gastrointestinal Disorders 7(1):7

doi: 10.3390/gidisord7010007

[54]

Tsigalou C, Konstantinidis T, Stavropoulou E, Bezirtzoglou EE, Tsakris A. 2020. Potential elimination of human gut resistome by exploiting the benefits of functional foods. Frontiers in Microbiology 11:50

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00050

[55]

Sharma S, Bano A, Gupta A, Bajpai P, Lohani M, et al. 2019. Pre-and probiotics: using functional foods in the fight against microbial resistance to antibiotics. In Antibacterial Drug Discovery to Combat MDR: Natural Compounds, Nanotechnology and Novel Synthetic Sources, eds. Ahmad I, Ahmad S, Rumbaugh K. Singapore: Springer Singapore. pp. 397–425 doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-9871-1_18

[56]

Abiraami VS, Gowrie SU. 2019. Sprouts as functional food-an approach towards the identification of natural antibiotic resistance breakers. Journal of Drug Delivery & Therapeutics 9(1−s):23−35

doi: 10.22270/jDDT.v9i1-s.2240

[57]

Alsayeqh AF. 2025. Antibiotic resistance and emerging alternatives for controlling foodborne pathogens. Pakistan Veterinary Journal 45(2):499–514

doi: 10.29261/pakvetj/2025.185

[58]

Gupta S, Kapur S, DV P, Verma A. 2015. Garlic: an effective functional food to combat the growing antimicrobial resistance. Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science 38(2):84929151668