[1]

Chen H, Hempfling JW, Schmid CJ, Xu Z, Samaranayake H, et al. 2025. Finer topdressing sand affects creeping bentgrass quality and surface characteristics. Agronomy Journal 117(2):e70039

doi: 10.1002/agj2.70039
[2]

Rühlmann J, Körschens M, Graefe J. 2006. A new approach to calculate the particle density of soils considering properties of the soil organic matter and the mineral matrix. Geoderma 130(3−4):272−283

doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.01.024
[3]

Adams WA. 1973. The effect of organic matter on the bulk and true densities of some uncultivated podzolic soils. Journal of Soil Science 24(1):10−17

doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2389.1973.tb00737.x
[4]

ASTM. 2014. Standard test method for specific gravity of soil solids by gas pycnometer. D5550-14. Annual Book of Standards, Section 4, Volume 04.08. West Conshohocken: ASTM International. pp. 1384−1388 doi: 10.1520/D5550-14
[5]

ASTM. 2020. Standard test method for specific gravity of soil solids by water pycnometer. D854-06e1. Annual Book of Standards, Section 4, Volume 04.08. West Conshohocken: ASTM International. pp. 101−107 doi: 10.1520/D0854-06E01
[6]

Amoozegar A, Heitman JL, Kranz CN. 2023. Comparison of soil particle density determined by a gas pycnometer using helium, nitrogen, and air. Soil Science Society of America Journal 87(1):1−12

doi: 10.1002/saj2.20476
[7]

Zhu Z, Zhou Y, Li X, Liu L, Lu Y, et al. 2025. Measuring soil particle density using water pycnometer: influencing factors, errors, and correction. Soil Science Society of America Journal 89(3):e70073

doi: 10.1002/saj2.70073
[8]

McBride RA, Slessor RL, Joosse PJ. 2011. Estimating particle density from soil inventory data in the Lake Erie Lowlands. Soil Survey Horizons 52(3):94−98

doi: 10.2136/sh2011.3.0094
[9]

Schjønning P, McBride RA, Keller T, Obour PB. 2017. Predicting soil particle density from clay and soil organic matter contents. Geoderma 286:83−87

doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.10.020
[10]

Ruehlmann J, Körschens M. 2020. Soil particle density as affected by soil texture and soil organic matter: 2. Predicting the effect of the mineral composition of particle-size fractions. Geoderma 375:114543

doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114543
[11]

USGA, Green Section Staff. 2004. USGA recommendations for a method of putting green construction. www.usga.org/content/usga/home-page/course-care/specialty-articles/usga-putting-green-construction.html
[12]

ASTM. 2018. Standard test methods for organic matter content of putting green and sports turf rootzone mixes. F1647-11. Annual Book of Standards, Section 15, Volume 15.07. West Conshohocken: ASTM International. pp. 2 doi: 10.1520/F1647-11R18
[13]

Blanco-Canqui H, Lal R, Post WM, Izaurralde RC, Shipitalo MJ. 2006. Organic carbon influences on soil particle density and rheological properties. Soil Science Society of America Journal 70(4):1407−1414

doi: 10.2136/sssaj2005.0355
[14]

McCoy EL. 1998. Sand and organic amendment influences on soil physical properties related to turf establishment. Agronomy Journal 90(3):411−419

doi: 10.2134/agronj1998.00021962009000030016x
[15]

Brockhoff SR, Christians NE, Killorn RJ, Horton R, Davis DD. 2010. Physical and mineral-nutrition properties of sand-based turfgrass root zones amended with biochar. Agronomy Journal 102(6):1627−1631

doi: 10.2134/agronj2010.0188
[16]

Drietz T, Li D, Zhu H, Chang Z. 2021. Using organic amendments to stabilize sand-based athletic fields during turfgrass establishment period. Agronomy Journal 113(1):159−171

doi: 10.1002/agj2.20494
[17]

Couillard A, Turgeon AJ. 1997. Composition of turfgrass thatch. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 28):1199−1207

doi: 10.1080/00103629709369866
[18]

Bielders CL, De Backer LW, Delvaux B. 1990. Particle density of volcanic soils as measured with a gas pycnometer. Soil Science Society of America Journal 54(3):822−826

doi: 10.2136/sssaj1990.03615995005400030034x
[19]

Ball BC, Campbell DJ, Hunter EA. 2000. Soil compactibility in relation to physical and organic properties at 156 sites in UK. Soil and Tillage Research 57(1−2):83−91

doi: 10.1016/S0167-1987(00)00145-8
[20]

Skopp JM. 2000. Physical properties of primary particles. In Handbook of Soil Science, ed. Summer ME. Boca Raton, London, New York, Washington DC: CRC Press. pp. A-3−A-17