[1]

IMO. 2025. Autonomous shipping. www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/HotTopics/Pages/Autonomous-shipping.aspx
[2]

IMO. 2018. Maritime Safety Committee (MSC), 100th session, 3−7 December 2018. www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/MeetingSummariesPages/MSC-100th-session.aspx
[3]

Li H, Yang Z. 2023. Incorporation of AIS data-based machine learning into unsupervised route planning for maritime autonomous surface ships. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 176:103171

doi: 10.1016/j.tre.2023.103171
[4]

Wright RG. 2020. Unmanned and autonomous ships: an overview of MASS. UK: CRC Press
[5]

Munim ZH, Notteboom T, Haralambides H, Schøyen H. 2025. Key determinants for the commercial feasibility of maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS). Marine Policy 172:106482

doi: 10.1016/j.marpol.2024.106482
[6]

Lim A. 1998. The berth planning problem. Operations Research Letters 22(2−3):105−110

doi: 10.1016/S0167-6377(98)00010-8
[7]

Bierwirth C, Meisel F. 2015. A follow-up survey of berth allocation and quay crane scheduling problems in container terminals. European Journal of Operational Research 244(3):675−689

doi: 10.1016/j.ejor.2014.12.030
[8]

Imai A, Nagaiwa K, Tat CW. 1997. Efficient planning of berth allocation for container terminals in Asia. Journal of Advanced Transportation 31(1):75−94

doi: 10.1002/atr.5670310107
[9]

Imai A, Sun X, Nishimura E, Papadimitriou S. 2005. Berth allocation in a container port: using a continuous location space approach. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 39(3):199−221

doi: 10.1016/j.trb.2004.04.004
[10]

Zhen L. 2015. Tactical berth allocation under uncertainty. European Journal of Operational Research 247(3):928−944

doi: 10.1016/j.ejor.2015.05.079
[11]

Tang M, Ji B, Fang X, Yu SS. 2022. Discretization-strategy-based solution for berth allocation and quay crane assignment problem. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10(4):495

doi: 10.3390/jmse10040495
[12]

Guo L, Zheng J, Du J, Gao Z, Fagerholt K. 2024. Integrated planning of berth allocation, quay crane assignment and yard assignment in multiple cooperative terminals. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 183:103456

doi: 10.1016/j.tre.2024.103456
[13]

Zhang W, Wang SA. 2020. Autonomous vessel scheduling. Journal of the Operations Research Society of China 8(3):391−414

doi: 10.1007/s40305-018-0218-2
[14]

Shen L, Shu X, Li C, Kramberger T, Li X, et al. 2025. Optimizing berth allocation for maritime autonomous surface ships (MASSs) in the context of mixed operation scenarios. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 13(3):404

doi: 10.3390/jmse13030404
[15]

Zhen L, Sun Q, Zhang W, Wang K, Yi W. 2021. Column generation for low carbon berth allocation under uncertainty. Journal of the Operational Research Society 72(10):2225−2240

doi: 10.1080/01605682.2020.1776168
[16]

Yu J, Tang G, Voß S, Song X. 2023. Berth allocation and quay crane assignment considering the adoption of different green technologies. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 176:103185

doi: 10.1016/j.tre.2023.103185
[17]

Wang Z, Hu H, Zhen L. 2024. Berth and quay cranes allocation problem with on-shore power supply assignment in container terminals. Computers & Industrial Engineering 188:109910

doi: 10.1016/j.cie.2024.109910
[18]

Yue M, Wang Y, Guo S, Dai L, Hu H. 2025. A multi-objective optimization study of berth scheduling considering shore side electricity supply. Ocean & Coastal Management 261:107500

doi: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107500
[19]

Chang D, Jiang Z, Yan W, He J. 2010. Integrating berth allocation and quay crane assignments. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 46(6):975−990

doi: 10.1016/j.tre.2010.05.008
[20]

Xiang X, Liu C, Miao L. 2017. A bi-objective robust model for berth allocation scheduling under uncertainty. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 106:294−319

doi: 10.1016/j.tre.2017.07.006
[21]

Yıldırım MS, Aydın MM, Gökkuş Ü. 2020. Simulation optimization of the berth allocation in a container terminal with flexible vessel priority management. Maritime Policy & Management 47(6):833−848

doi: 10.1080/03088839.2020.1730994
[22]

Guo L, Wang J, Zheng J. 2021. Berth allocation problem with uncertain vessel handling times considering weather conditions. Computers & Industrial Engineering 158:107417

doi: 10.1016/j.cie.2021.107417
[23]

Martin-Iradi B, Pacino D, Ropke S. 2024. An adaptive large neighborhood search heuristic for the multi-port continuous berth allocation problem. European Journal of Operational Research 316(1):152−167

doi: 10.1016/j.ejor.2024.02.003
[24]

Luo Z, Qin Y, Gu Y, et al. 2024. 海上自主水面船舶(MASS)的未来发展思考 [Thoughts on the future development of maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS)]. 船舶工程[Ship Engineering] 46(10):32−38+47 (in Chinese)

doi: 10.13788/j.cnki.cbgc.2024.10.05
[25]

MOT. 2006. Port terminal labor manning - Part 4: Container terminal. https://std.samr.gov.cn/hb/search/stdHBDetailed?id=8B1827F1AD08BB19E05397BE0A0AB44A
[26]

IMO. 2019. 2019 Guidelines for port state control under MARPOL Annex VI Chapter 3. www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Environment/PollutionPrevention/Documents/MEPC.321%2874%29.pdf
[27]

Ghaderi H. 2020. Wider implications of autonomous vessels for the maritime industry: mapping the unprecedented challenges. Advances in Transport Policy and Planning 5:263−289

doi: 10.1016/bs.atpp.2020.05.002
[28]

TPG. 2025. Three ordinary berths in tianjin port upgraded to realize automated ship operations. www.chinaports.com/mobile/news/detail/15449
[29]

Zhang S, Liu J, Li S, Ye J. 2022. 船舶自动靠离泊系统设计与关键技术 [Design and key technologies of ship automatic berthing system]. 中国船检[China Ship Survey] (10):42−47 (in Chinese)

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-2005.2022.10.012
[30]

HPA. 2019. Schedule of fees and charges maritime shipping – Annex. www.hafen-hamburg.de/en/press/news/cleaner-air-and-climate-protection-in-port-of-hamburg-new-shore-based-power-units-for-cruiseliners-and-containerships-36499
[31]

Shaw P. 1998. Using constraint programming and local search methods to solve vehicle routing problems. In Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming — CP98, eds Maher M, Puget JF. vol 1520. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 417–431 doi: 10.1007/3-540-49481-2_30
[32]

Potvin JY, Rousseau JM. 1993. A parallel route building algorithm for the vehicle routing and scheduling problem with time windows. European Journal of Operational Research 66(3):331−340

doi: 10.1016/0377-2217(93)90221-8
[33]

Peng Y, Dong M, Li X, Liu H, Wang W. 2021. Cooperative optimization of shore power allocation and berth allocation: a balance between cost and environmental benefit. Journal of Cleaner Production 279:123816

doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123816
[34]

Wang T, Wang X, Meng Q. 2018. Joint berth allocation and quay crane assignment under different carbon taxation policies. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 117:18−36

doi: 10.1016/j.trb.2018.08.012
[35]

Hall WJ. 2010. Assessment of CO2 and priority pollutant reduction by installation of shoreside power. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 54(7):462−467

doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2009.10.002