| [1] |
Vancells Lujan P, Viñas Esmel E, Sacanella Meseguer E. 2021. Overview of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the role of sugary food consumption and other dietary components in its development. |
| [2] |
Chen JF, Wu ZQ, Liu HS, Yan S, Wang YX, et al. 2024. Cumulative effects of excess high-normal alanine aminotransferase levels in relation to new-onset metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in China. |
| [3] |
Mitrovic B, Obradovic M, Gluvic Z, Radunovic M, Rizzo M, et al. 2022. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus: where do we stand today? |
| [4] |
Ruan S, Huang L, Song J, Yi Z, Sun W, et al. 2025. Global burden trends and forecasts for MAFLD in adolescents and young adults from 1990 to 2021. |
| [5] |
Zhang H, Sham TT, Li C, Wang Y, Li CY, et al. 2023. Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix extract attenuates high-fat diet-induced NAFLD in rats: impact on untargeted serum metabolomics and liver lipidomics. |
| [6] |
Zhao Q, Wei M, Zhang S, Huang Z, Lu B, et al. 2020. The water extract of Sophorae tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its mechanism. |
| [7] |
Liu D, Zhan J, Wang S, Chen L, Zhu Q, et al. 2024. Chrysanthemum morifolium attenuates metabolic and alcohol-associated liver disease via gut microbiota and PPARα/γ activation. |
| [8] |
Liu YF, Ling N, Zhang B, Chen C, Mo XN, et al. 2024. Flavonoid-Rich mulberry leaf extract modulate lipid metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and gut microbiota in high-fat diet-induced obesity: potential roles of FGF21 and SOCS2. |
| [9] |
Ghani I, An Y, Qiao Q, He S, Li Z. 2024. Polyphenols from foxtail millet improve non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating intestinal microbiome in mice. |
| [10] |
Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Yang H, Xu Z, Li Z, et al. 2024. A comparative metabolomics analysis of phytochemicals and antioxidant activity between broccoli floret and by-products (leaves and stalks). |
| [11] |
Salas-Millán JÁ, Mackrill J, Melgar S, Aguayo E. 2025. Lactofermented beverage from broccoli leaves induces calcium dysregulation and ER-mitochondrial dysfunction in colorectal cancer cells: a proteomic perspective. |
| [12] |
Li L, Ma P, Nirasawa S, Liu H. 2024. Formation, immunomodulatory activities, and enhancement of glucosinolates and sulforaphane in broccoli sprouts: a review for maximizing the health benefits to human. |
| [13] |
Gasmi A, Gasmi Benahmed A, Shanaida M, Chirumbolo S, Menzel A, et al. 2024. Anticancer activity of broccoli, its organosulfur and polyphenolic compounds. |
| [14] |
Llorach R, Espín JC, Tomás-Barberán FA, Ferreres F. 2003. Valorization of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. Botrytis) by-products as a source of antioxidant phenolics. |
| [15] |
Fang J, Liu T, Wang Y, Kang SG, Huang K, et al. 2024. β-ionone prevents dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis and modulates gut microbiota in mice. |
| [16] |
Vornoli A, Vizzarri F, Della Croce CM, Grande T, Palazzo M, et al. 2022. The hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect of Kavolì® aqueous extract, a mixture of Brassica oleracea leaves, in a rat model of NAFLD. |
| [17] |
Zhou RY, Song Q, Hu H, Zeng SY, Tan XY, et al. 2025. Investigating therapeutic effects and the underlying mechanisms of Jia-Wei-Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease based on network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation. |
| [18] |
Li HY, Huang SY, Zhou DD, Xiong RG, Luo M, et al. 2023. Theabrownin inhibits obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice via serotonin-related signaling pathways and gut-liver axis. |
| [19] |
Zhao Y, Zhang W, Yang H, Xu Z, Wang X, et al. 2025. Effects of drying methods on phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of broccoli by-products. |
| [20] |
Jia W, Wang K, Zhang S, Lu W, Du A, et al. 2022. Integrating network pharmacology and in vivo experimental validation to reveal the alleviation of mailuoning oral liquid on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. |
| [21] |
Ren QD, Li MR, Farag MA, Qiu LL, Wang YA, et al. 2026. Pomegranate peel extract alleviates diabetic retinopathy by suppressing the PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α/VEGF pathway and gut microbiota modulation. |
| [22] |
Lin LZ, Harnly JM. 2009. Identification of the phenolic components of collard greens, kale, and Chinese broccoli. |
| [23] |
Gudiño I, Casquete R, Martín A, Wu Y, Benito MJ. 2024. Comprehensive analysis of bioactive compounds, functional properties, and applications of broccoli by-products. |
| [24] |
Shao Y, Jiang J, Ran L, Lu C, Wei C, et al. 2014. Analysis of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives in rapeseeds (Brassica napus L. var. napus) by HPLC-PDA–ESI (–)-MSn/HRMS. |
| [25] |
Gould KS. 2004. Nature's Swiss army knife: the diverse protective roles of anthocyanins in leaves. |
| [26] |
Vallejo F, Tomás-Barberán FA, García-Viguera C. 2003. Phenolic compound contents in edible parts of broccoli inflorescences after domestic cooking. |
| [27] |
Nićiforović N, Abramovič H. 2014. Sinapic acid and its derivatives: natural sources and bioactivity. |
| [28] |
Chen AY, Chen YC. 2013. A review of the dietary flavonoid, kaempferol on human health and cancer chemoprevention. |
| [29] |
Ullah H, Dacrema M, Buccato DG, Fayed MAA, de Lellis LF, et al. 2025. A narrative review on plant extracts for metabolic syndrome: efficacy, safety, and technological advances. |
| [30] |
Martins T, Oliveira PA, Pires MJ, Neuparth MJ, Lanzarin G, et al. 2022. Effect of a sub-chronic oral exposure of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica) by-products flour on the physiological parameters of FVB/N mice: a pilot study. |
| [31] |
Navarro-Hortal MD, Romero-Márquez JM, López-Bascón MA, Sánchez-González C, Xiao J, et al. 2024. In vitro and in vivo insights into a broccoli byproduct as a healthy ingredient for the management of Alzheimer's disease and aging through redox biology. |
| [32] |
Zhou Y, Yang H, Li Y, Lynch B, Jia X. 2015. Broccoli seed extract: genotoxicity and subchronic toxicity studies. |
| [33] |
Fabbrini E, Sullivan S, Klein S. 2010. Obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: biochemical, metabolic, and clinical implications. |
| [34] |
Colosimo S, Mitra SK, Chaudhury T, Marchesini G. 2023. Insulin resistance and metabolic flexibility as drivers of liver and cardiac disease in T2DM. |
| [35] |
da Silva Pereira ENG, Franco RLC, Santos RDCD, Daliry A. 2025. Statins and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a concise review. |
| [36] |
Wang GW, Zhang XL, Wu QH, Jin YB, Ning CT, et al. 2019. The hepatoprotective effects of Sedum sarmentosum extract and its isolated major constituent through Nrf2 activation and NF-κB inhibition. |
| [37] |
Hagberg CE, Spalding KL. 2024. White adipocyte dysfunction and obesity-associated pathologies in humans. |
| [38] |
Mirarchi A, Mare R, Musolino V, Nucera S, Mollace V, et al. 2022. Bergamot polyphenol extract reduces hepatocyte neutral fat by increasing beta-oxidation. |
| [39] |
Zhang X, Zhang J, Zhou Z, Xiong P, Cheng L, et al. 2024. Integrated network pharmacology, metabolomics, and transcriptomics of Huanglian-Hongqu herb pair in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. |
| [40] |
Huang X, Liu G, Guo J, Su Z. 2018. The PI3K/AKT pathway in obesity and type 2 diabetes. |
| [41] |
Alhamoud Y, Wu J, Ahmad MI, Chen F, Feng F, et al. 2023. 6-Gingerol induces browning of white adipose tissue to improve obesity through PI3K/AKT-RPS6-mediated thermogenesis pathway. |
| [42] |
Liu D, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Hou L, Li S, et al. 2018. Berberine modulates gut microbiota and reduces insulin resistance via the TLR4 signaling pathway. |
| [43] |
Feng Z, Pang L, Chen S, Pang X, Huang Y, et al. 2020. Didymin ameliorates dexamethasone-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB and PI3K/Akt pathways in C57BL/6J mice. |
| [44] |
Kong WJ, Vernieri C, Foiani M, Jiang JD. 2020. Berberine in the treatment of metabolism-related chronic diseases: a drug cloud (dCloud) effect to target multifactorial disorders. |
| [45] |
Martel J, Chang SH, Ko YF, Hwang TL, Young JD, et al. 2022. Gut barrier disruption and chronic disease. |
| [46] |
Tilg H, Adolph TE, Dudek M, Knolle P. 2021. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: the interplay between metabolism, microbes and immunity. |
| [47] |
Ghannam RB, Techtmann SM. 2021. Machine learning applications in microbial ecology, human microbiome studies, and environmental monitoring. |
| [48] |
Deng Y, Umbach AK, Neufeld JD. 2024. Nonparametric richness estimators Chao1 and ACE must not be used with amplicon sequence variant data. |
| [49] |
Lau HCH, Sung JJ, Yu J. 2021. Gut microbiota: impacts on gastrointestinal cancer immunotherapy. |
| [50] |
Zeng Q, Li D, He Y, Li Y, Yang Z, et al. 2019. Discrepant gut microbiota markers for the classification of obesity-related metabolic abnormalities. |
| [51] |
Silva FP, De Miranda DA, Carnier M, Maza PK, Boldarine VT, et al. 2021. Low dose of Juçara pulp (Euterpe edulis Mart.) minimizes the colon inflammatory milieu promoted by hypercaloric and hyperlipidic diet in mice. |
| [52] |
Yang C, Xu Z, Deng Q, Huang Q, Wang X, et al. 2020. Beneficial effects of flaxseed polysaccharides on metabolic syndrome via gut microbiota in high-fat diet fed mice. |
| [53] |
Li X, Chen P, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Shen S, et al. 2023. Intervention time modified the effect of inulin on high-fat diet-induced obesity and gut microbial disorders. |
| [54] |
Zhang C, Wang G, Yin X, Gou L, Guo M, et al. 2024. Hepatic protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3G alleviates obesity and liver steatosis by regulating the gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism. |