| [1] |
Hou D, Jia X, Wang L, McGrath SP, Zhu Y, et al. 2025. Global soil pollution by toxic metals threatens agriculture and human health. |
| [2] |
Yu Y, Alseekh S, Zhu Z, Zhou K, Fernie AR. 2024. Multiomics and biotechnologies for understanding and influencing cadmium accumulation and stress response in plants. |
| [3] |
Lin Z, Qiao Y, Xu K, Lu L, Shu Q, et al. 2025. The endophytic fungus Serendipita indica reshapes rhizosphere soil microbiota to improve Salix suchowensis growth and phytoremediation. |
| [4] |
Song X, Wang N, Zhou J, Tao J, He X, et al. 2024. High cadmium-accumulating Salix ecotype shapes rhizosphere microbiome to facilitate cadmium extraction. |
| [5] |
Du Z, Jiang Y, Wang S, Xiao J, Budzynska S, et al. 2026. Global synthesis reveals how initial concentrations, metal types, and acidity control woody plant phytoremediation efficacy. |
| [6] |
Luo ZB, He J, Polle A, Rennenberg H. 2016. Heavy metal accumulation and signal transduction in herbaceous and woody plants: paving the way for enhancing phytoremediation efficiency. |
| [7] |
Ye L, Zhang D, Yang Q, Pan C, Xie Y, et al. 2025. Plant sex influences cadmium detoxification via mediating cadmium transport and cell wall modification under different nitrogen forms. |
| [8] |
Yang W, Liu D, Wang Y, Hussain B, Zhao F, et al. 2021. Variations in phytoremediation potential and phytoavailability of heavy metals in different Salix genotypes subjected to seasonal flooding. |
| [9] |
Peijnenburg WJGM. 2025. Bioavailability of heavy metals in soil: a review of tools, models, and regulatory applications. |
| [10] |
Yu M, Zhuo R, Lu Z, Li S, Chen J, et al. 2023. Molecular insights into lignin biosynthesis on cadmium tolerance: Morphology, transcriptome and proteome profiling in Salix matsudana. |
| [11] |
Chen X, Zhang Y, Cheng Y, Yu W, Yang L, et al. 2025. PcWRKY1 represses transcription of yellow stripe-like 3 (PcYSL3) to negatively regulate radial cadmium transport in poplar stems. |
| [12] |
Sun L, Yan T, Wang T, Zhu J, Shu X, et al. 2025. Integrated physiological, transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis revealed key genes related to cadmium-stress tolerance in poplar. |
| [13] |
Wu X, Chen L, Lin X, Chen X, Han C, et al. 2023. Integrating physiological and transcriptome analyses clarified the molecular regulation mechanism of PyWRKY48 in poplar under cadmium stress. |
| [14] |
Sun H, Ding Y, Wang Z, Luo J, Wang N. 2025. Identification of a root-specific expression promoter in poplar and its application in genetic engineering for cadmium phytoremediation. |
| [15] |
Miletic Z, Markovic M, Jaric S, Radulovic N, Sekulic D, et al. 2024. Lithium and strontium accumulation in native and invasive plants of the Sava River: implications for bioindication and phytoremediation. |
| [16] |
Zhang D, Cheng J, Liu Y, Zhang H, Ma L, et al. 2018. Spatio-temporal dynamic architecture of living brush mattress: root system and soil shear strength in riverbanks. |
| [17] |
Hu P, Zhang Y, Dong B, Gao W, Cheng C, et al. 2019. Assessment of phytoextraction using Sedum plumbizincicola and rice production in Cd-polluted acid paddy soils of south China: a field study. |
| [18] |
Lin Z, Qiao Y, Xu K, Li S, Lu L, et al. 2025. Endophytic Stenotrophomonas SaRB5 enhances willow growth and cadmium phytoremediation via hormone regulation and tissue-specific Cd redistribution. |
| [19] |
Mechshanova A, Berillo D, Polyakov V. 2026. Chemical composition and ecological adaptation of Populus (Salicaceae) species and hybrids depending on soil and environmental conditions. |
| [20] |
Cao Y, Mo S, Ma C, Tan Q. 2024. Flooding regimes alleviate lead toxicity and enhance phytostabilization of Salix: Evidence from physiological responses and iron-plaque formation. |
| [21] |
Thomas A, Marron N, Bonal D, Piutti S, Dalle E, et al. 2022. Leaf and tree water-use efficiencies of Populus deltoides × P. nigra in mixed forest and agroforestry plantations. |
| [22] |
Touati M, Bottega S, Ruffini Castiglione M, Sorce C, Bejaoui Z, et al. 2019. Modulation of the defence responses against Cd in willow species through a multifaceted analysis. |
| [23] |
AbdElgawad H, Zinta G, Hamed BA, Selim S, Beemster G, et al. 2020. Maize roots and shoots show distinct profiles of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense under heavy metal toxicity. |
| [24] |
Xue K, van Nostrand JD, Vangronsveld J, Witters N, Janssen JO, et al. 2015. Management with willow short rotation coppice increase the functional gene diversity and functional activity of a heavy metal polluted soil. |
| [25] |
Cao Y, Ma C, Chen H, Zhang J, White JC, et al. 2020. Xylem-based long-distance transport and phloem remobilization of copper in Salix integra Thunb. |
| [26] |
Chen Y, Wang Y, Yeh KC. 2017. Role of root exudates in metal acquisition and tolerance. |
| [27] |
Tozser D, Horvath R, Simon E, Magura T. 2023. Heavy metal uptake by plant parts of Populus species: a meta-analysis. |
| [28] |
Zhang J, Qian Y, Chen Z, Amee M, Niu H, et al. 2020. Lead-induced oxidative stress triggers root cell wall remodeling and increases lead absorption through esterification of cell wall polysaccharide. |
| [29] |
Tang J, Liu N, Ye W, Li C, Bao T. 2026. Tissue-specific distribution and translocation of cadmium in Populus and Paulownia. |
| [30] |
Salehi A, Shariat A. 2024. Comparative performance of Populus spp. and Salix spp. for growth, nutrition, and heavy metal uptake in a wastewater hydroponic system. |
| [31] |
Chandra R, Cho W, Kang H. 2016. Phytoextraction potential of four poplar hybrids under greenhouse conditions. |
| [32] |
Ghuge SA, Nikalje GC, Kadam US, Suprasanna P, Hong JC. 2023. Comprehensive mechanisms of heavy metal toxicity in plants, detoxification, and remediation. |
| [33] |
Kulasekaran S, Cerezo-Medina S, Harflett C, Lomax C, de Jong F, et al. 2021. A willow UDP-glycosyltransferase involved in salicinoid biosynthesis. |
| [34] |
Song W, Shao H, Zheng A, Zhao L, Xu Y. 2023. Advances in roles of salicylic acid in plant tolerance responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. |
| [35] |
Li A, Qu Y, Sun Y, Zou J, Ju G, et al. 2025. Phosphorus application enhances cadmium tolerance in Salix caprea via physiological and anatomical adjustments. |
| [36] |
Seregin IV, Kozhevnikova AD. 2024. The role of low-molecular-weight organic acids in metal homeostasis in plants. |
| [37] |
Wu X, Chen Q, Chen L, Tian F, Chen X, et al. 2022. A WRKY transcription factor, PyWRKY75, enhanced cadmium accumulation and tolerance in poplar. |
| [38] |
Chen X, Wu X, Han C, Jia Y, Wan X, et al. 2023. A WRKY transcription factor, PyWRKY71, increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and promoted the accumulation of cadmium in poplar. |
| [39] |
Ma Y, Liu Y, Jia F, Zhu W, Wang G, et al. 2025. Genome-wide identification of the WRKY gene family in poplar and the positive role of PsnWRKY95 in response to cadmium stress. |
| [40] |
Yan C, Dong K, Zhang Y, Feng B, Zhao Z, et al. 2025. Populus euphratica PeRAX2 interacts with the PeANN1 promoter to regulate gene expression and cadmium tolerance. |
| [41] |
Yang L, Ding S, Chen X, Cheng Y, Shu P, et al. 2025. High iron supply enhances cadmium accumulation in the aerial tissues by remodeling the root cell walls in Populus cathayana. |
| [42] |
Shi Y, Niu M, Feng C, Li J, Lin T, et al. 2023. Overexpression of PtrAREB3 improved cadmium enrichment and tolerance in poplar. |
| [43] |
Xiao Y, Zhang H, Zong J, Bai X, Yang K, et al. 2025. Mercury accumulation in urban forest leaves: dynamics, driving factors, and potential economic value. |
| [44] |
Yusupov DV, Lyapina EE, Tursunalieva EM, Osipova NA, Baranovskaya NV. 2022. Poplar tree (Populus balsamifera L.) as indicator of mercury emission from a point source. |
| [45] |
Gu T, Qi Z, Chen S, Yan J, Fang Z, et al. 2023. Dual-function DEFENSIN 8 mediates phloem cadmium unloading and accumulation in rice grains. |
| [46] |
Yang F, Gao Y, Liu J, Chen Z, de Dios VR, et al. 2021. Metal tolerance protein MTP6 is involved in Mn and Co distribution in poplar. |
| [47] |
Shan Q, Guan J, Yang Y, Chai T, Gong S, et al. 2024. Cadmium-induced protein AS8: A protein to improve Cd accumulation and transport via Cd uptake in poplar. |
| [48] |
Rahman SU, Yasin G, Nawaz MF, Cheng H, Azhar MF, et al. 2022. Evaluation of heavy metal phytoremediation potential of six tree species of Faisalabad city of Pakistan during summer and winter seasons. |
| [49] |
Deng S, Zhang X, Zhu Y, Zhuo R. 2024. Recent advances in phyto-combined remediation of heavy metal pollution in soil. |
| [50] |
Yu J, Xu F, Wei Z, Zhang X, Chen T, et al. 2020. Epigenomic landscape and epigenetic regulation in maize. |
| [51] |
Adams JP, Adeli A, Hsu CY, Harkess RL, Page GP, et al. 2011. Poplar maintains zinc homeostasis with heavy metal genes HMA4 and PCS1. |
| [52] |
Guo N, Ling H, Yu R, Gao F, Cao Y, et al. 2024. Expression of Salix suchowensis SsIRT9 enhances cadmium accumulation and alters metal homeostasis in tobacco. |
| [53] |
Wang R, Wang Y, Zhu C, Zhou B, Jiang T. 2025. PagALKBH1A-mediated M6A demethylation reduces the resistance of 84K poplar to cadmium stress. |
| [54] |
Nayeri S, Baghban Kohnehrouz B, Ahmadikhah A, Mahna N. 2022. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated P-CR domain-specific engineering of CESA4 heterodimerization capacity alters cell wall architecture and improves saccharification efficiency in poplar. |
| [55] |
Sun H, Long Y, Zhang Y, Cai G, Zou C, et al. 2026. Multigene coexpression (HMA9-CadWp-ZIP6) enables cadmium-hyperaccumulating transgenic poplar for efficient soil remediation. |
| [56] |
Sarma H, Islam NF, Prasad R, Prasad MNV, Ma LQ, et al. 2021. Enhancing phytoremediation of hazardous metal(loid)s using genome engineering CRISPR-Cas9 technology. |
| [57] |
Gulfam T, Li W, Han Z, Gulfam Y, Li J, et al. 2026. Gene editing in forest tree breeding for stress resistance: from mechanisms to future prospects. |
| [58] |
Wang J, Wu H, Chen Y, Yin T. 2020. Efficient CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in an interspecific hybrid poplar with a highly heterozygous genome. |
| [59] |
Tsai CJ. 2025. Crash-and-dash: a new era in tree genome editing. |
| [60] |
Chi Y, Ma X, Chu S, You Y, Chen X, et al. 2025. Nitrogen cycle induced by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria drives 'microbial partners' to enhance cadmium phytoremediation. |
| [61] |
Zhu D, Ouyang L, Xu Z, Zhang L. 2015. Rhizobacteria of Populus euphratica promoting plant growth against heavy metals. |
| [62] |
Wang H, Zhao X, Zhang J, Lu C, Feng F. 2022. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus regulates cadmium accumulation, migration, transport, and tolerance in Medicago sativa. |
| [63] |
Chen L, Zhang D, Yang W, Liu Y, Zhang L, et al. 2016. Sex-specific responses of Populus deltoides to Glomus intraradices colonization and Cd pollution. |
| [64] |
Liu D, Zheng K, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Lao R, et al. 2022. Harnessing an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus to improve the adaptability of a facultative metallophytic poplar (Populus yunnanensis) to cadmium stress: physiological and molecular responses. |
| [65] |
Jing J, Garbeva P, Raaijmakers JM, Medema MH. 2024. Strategies for tailoring functional microbial synthetic communities. |
| [66] |
Zhang Y, Jing M, Lyu L, Nie L, Xu X, et al. 2026. Principles for rigorous design and application of synthetic microbial communities. |
| [67] |
Wu J, Liu S, Zhang H, Chen S, Si J, et al. 2025. Flavones enrich rhizosphere Pseudomonas to enhance nitrogen utilization and secondary root growth in Populus. |
| [68] |
Li L, Cheng K, Du Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, et al. 2025. Rhizosphere microbes from Populus euphratica conferred salt stress resistance to Populus alba × Populus glandulosa. |
| [69] |
Xiao J, Li X, Cao Y, Chen G. 2023. Does micro/nano biochar always good to phytoremediation? A case study from multiple metals contaminated acidic soil using Salix jiangsuensis '172'. |
| [70] |
Di D, Wang S, Gai X, Xiao J, Li H, et al. 2026. Biochar enhanced phytoremediation efficiency of Salix for soil cadmium: the differentiated responses of bacteria and fungi to biochar and rhizosphere effects. |
| [71] |
Cao Y, Ma C, White JC, Cao Y, Zhang F, et al. 2024. Engineered nanomaterials reduce metal(loid) accumulation and enhance staple food production for sustainable agriculture. |
| [72] |
Puangpathumanond S, Chee HL, Sevencan C, Yang X, Lau OS, et al. 2025. Stomata-targeted nanocarriers enhance plant defense against pathogen colonization. |
| [73] |
Wang Y, Xu Y, Cao Y, Ma C, Cai Z, et al. 2026. Sulfur nanoparticles enhance Cd-phytoremediation in Salix chaenomeloides via alleviating phytotoxicity and modulating rhizosphere microbiota. |
| [74] |
Liu S, Zheng Y, Pan L, Wang W, Li Y, et al. 2025. Nanodelivery of nucleic acids for plant genetic engineering. |
| [75] |
Song X, Wang N, Zhang Y, He X, Guo N, et al. 2026. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal root-centered regulatory networks conferring cadmium tolerance in Salix. |
| [76] |
Thijs S, Witters N, Janssen J, Ruttens A, Weyens N, et al. 2018. Tobacco, sunflower and high biomass SRC clones show potential for trace metal phytoextraction on a moderately contaminated field site in Belgium. |
| [77] |
Xue K, Van Nostrand JD, Zhou J, Neu S, Muller I, et al. 2020. Phytomanagement reduces metal availability and microbial metal resistance in a metal contaminated soil. |
| [78] |
Khashi U Rahman M, Saati-Santamaria Z, Garcia-Fraile P. 2025. Intercropping of non-leguminous crops improves soil biochemistry and crop productivity: a meta-analysis. |
| [79] |
Zeng P, Guo Z, Xiao X, Peng C. 2019. Dynamic response of enzymatic activity and microbial community structure in metal (loid)-contaminated soil with tree-herb intercropping. |
| [80] |
Zhang C, Zha Y, Guang P, Ai F, Yin Y, et al. 2024. Synergistic effects of tree-herb intercropping on the phytoremediation efficiency of cadmium and lead contaminated soil. |
| [81] |
Yaashikaa PR, Kumar PS, Jeevanantham S, Saravanan R. 2022. A review on bioremediation approach for heavy metal detoxification and accumulation in plants. |
| [82] |
Bhat BA, Rather MA, Bilal T, Nazir R, Qadir RU, et al. 2025. Plant hyperaccumulators: a state-of-the-art review on mechanism of heavy metal transport and sequestration. |
| [83] |
Dou X, Dai H, Skuza L, Wei S. 2026. Effective phytoremediation of cadmium-contaminated soil by a farmland weed hyperaccumulator over three consecutive years. |
| [84] |
Chen P, Song Y, Liu X, Xiao L, Bu C, et al. 2022. LncRNA PMAT-PtoMYB46 module represses PtoMATE and PtoARF2 promoting Pb2+ uptake and plant growth in poplar. |
| [85] |
Qiao K, Shan Q, Zhang H, Lv F, Zhou A. 2023. Populus euphratica plant cadmium tolerance PePCR3 improves cadmium tolerance. |
| [86] |
Xin Y, Huang R, Xu M, Xu L. 2025. Identification of Pb-responsive GST transcripts in Salix integra and Pb tolerance of transgenic plants overexpressing SiGSTU55. |
| [87] |
Guan J, Yang Y, Shan Q, Zhang H, Zhou A, et al. 2023. Plant cadmium resistance 10 enhances tolerance to toxic heavy metals in poplar. |
| [88] |
Liu M, Wu S, Song Y, Shi M, Yi L. 2025. Physiological and transcriptome analysis of sex-specific responses to cadmium stress in poplars. |
| [89] |
Li A, Wang Y, Zou J, Yin J, Zhang S, et al. 2024. Phosphorus deficiency-induced cell wall pectin demethylesterification enhances cadmium accumulation in roots of Salix caprea. |
| [90] |
Li M, Heng Q, Hu C, Wang Z, Jiang Y, et al. 2024. Phytoremediation efficiency of poplar hybrid varieties with diverse genetic backgrounds in soil contaminated by multiple toxic metals (Cd, Hg, Pb, and As). |
| [91] |
Zhou J, Zhang R, Wang P, Gao Y, Zhang J. 2024. Responses of soil and rhizosphere microbial communities to Cd-hyperaccumulating willows and Cd contamination. |
| [92] |
Shi W, Li J, Kan D, Yu W, Chen X, et al. 2022. Sulfur metabolism, organic acid accumulation and phytohormone regulation are crucial physiological processes modulating the different tolerance to Pb stress of two contrasting poplars. |
| [93] |
Xiao Y, Liu C, Hu N, Wang B, Zheng K, et al. 2023. Contributions of ectomycorrhizal fungi in a reclaimed poplar forest (Populus yunnanensis) in an abandoned metal mine tailings pond, southwest China. |
| [94] |
Yin M, Mi J, Wang X, Xing C, Wan X, et al. 2024. Interspecific variations in growth, physiology and Cd accumulation between Populus deltoides and P. × canadensis in response to Cd pollution under two soil types. |
| [95] |
Yin J, Li A, Wang Y, Li X, Ning W, et al. 2024. Melatonin improves cadmium tolerance in Salix viminalis by enhancing amino acid and saccharide metabolism, and increasing polyphenols. |