[1]

Ball JR, Esler D, Schmutz JA. 2007. Proximate composition, energetic value, and relative abundance of prey fish from the inshore eastern Bering Sea: implications for piscivorous predators. Polar Biology 30:699−708

doi: 10.1007/s00300-006-0227-1
[2]

Favreau A, Doray M, Spitz J, Huret M. 2025. Assessment of energy content indices for exploited small pelagic fish. Aquatic Living Resources 38:19

doi: 10.1051/alr/2025018
[3]

Zhang B, Virtue P, Pethybridge H, Swadling KM, Nichols PD, et al. 2025. Nutritional composition and energetic values of mesopelagic fish from the Tasman Sea. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 142:107509

doi: 10.1016/j.jfca.2025.107509
[4]

Cinner JE, Adger WN, Allison EH, Barnes ML, Brown K, et al. 2018. Building adaptive capacity to climate change in tropical coastal communities. Nature Climate Change 8:117−123

doi: 10.1038/s41558-017-0065-x
[5]

Haddad L, Hawkes C, Webb P, Thomas S, Beddington J, et al. 2016. A new global research agenda for food. Nature 540:30−32

doi: 10.1038/540030a
[6]

Labrosse P, Ferraris J, Letourneur Y. 2006. Assessing the sustainability of subsistence fisheries in the Pacific: the use of data on fish consumption. Ocean & Coastal Management 49:203−221

doi: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2006.02.006
[7]

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2022. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture. Rome: FAO. www.fao.org/4/cc0461en/cc0461en.pdf
[8]

Gillett R, Fong M. 2016. Fisheries in the Economies of the Pacific Island Countries and Territories. Nouméa: Pacific Community. www.spc.int/sites/default/files/wordpresscontent/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Gillett_16_Benefish-fisheries-in-economies-of-pacific-countries.pdf
[9]

Charlton KE, Russell J, Gorman E, Hanich Q, Delisle A, et al. 2016. Fish, food security and health in Pacific Island countries and territories: a systematic literature review. BMC Public Health 16:285

doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-2953-9
[10]

Bell JD, Ganachaud A, Gehrke PC, Griffiths SP, Hobday AJ, et al. 2013. Mixed responses of tropical Pacific fisheries and aquaculture to climate change. Nature Climate Change 3:591−599

doi: 10.1038/nclimate1838
[11]

Farmery AK, Scott JM, Brewer TD, Eriksson H, Steenbergen DJ, et al. 2020. Aquatic foods and nutrition in the Pacific. Nutrients 12:3705

doi: 10.3390/nu12123705
[12]

Andrew NL, Aisea L, Arachchi NDH, Bailly N, Bertram I, et al. 2025. The Pacific foodfish list: a standardized list of over 1000 species of marine fish consumed by Pacific people. Pacific Conservation Biology 31:PC24082

doi: 10.1071/PC24082
[13]

Hicks CC, Cohen PJ, Graham NAJ, Nash KL, Allison EH, et al. 2019. Harnessing global fisheries to tackle micronutrient deficiencies. Nature 574:95−98

doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1592-6
[14]

Robinson JPW, Maire E, Bodin N, Hempson TN, Graham NAJ, et al. 2022. Climate-induced increases in micronutrient availability for coral reef fisheries. One Earth 5:98−108

doi: 10.1016/j.oneear.2021.12.005
[15]

Maire E, Robinson JPW, McLean M, Arif S, Zamborain-Mason J, et al. 2024. Managing nutrition-biodiversity trade-offs on coral reefs. Current Biology 34:4612−4622

doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.08.031
[16]

Zamborain-Mason J, Eurich JG, Friedman WR, Gephart JA, Kelahan HM, et al. 2025. The contribution of aquatic foods to human nutrient intake and adequacy in a small Island developing state. Scientific Reports 15:26220

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-11030-w
[17]

Atzori D, Sonneveld BGJS, Alfarra A, Merbis MD. 2024. Nutrition fragility in isolation: food insecurity in small Island developing States. Food Security 16:437−453

doi: 10.1007/s12571-024-01438-z
[18]

Lowry O, Rosebrough N, Farr AL, Randall R. 1951. Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry 193:265−275

doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)52451-6
[19]

Anthony JA, Roby DD, Turco KR. 2000. Lipid content and energy density of forage fishes from the northern Gulf of Alaska. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 248:53−78

doi: 10.1016/S0022-0981(00)00159-3
[20]

Eder EB, Lewis MN. 2005. Proximate composition and energetic value of demersal and pelagic prey species from the SW Atlantic Ocean. Marine Ecology Progress Series 291:43−52

doi: 10.3354/meps291043
[21]

Nurnadia AA, Azrina A, Amin I. 2011. Proximate composition and energetic value of selected marine fish and shellfish from the West coast of Peninsular Malaysia. International Food Research Journal 18:137−148
[22]

DuBois M, Gilles KA, Hamilton JK, Rebers PA, Smith F. 1956. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Analytical Chemistry 28:350−356

doi: 10.1021/ac60111a017
[23]

Sales J. 2009. Accuracy of the use of energy conversion factors for compound fish diets. Archives of Animal Nutrition 63:491−509

doi: 10.1080/17450390903217309
[24]

Gao W, Liu YJ, Tian LX, Mai KS, Liang GY, et al. 2010. Effect of dietary carbohydrate-to-lipid ratios on growth performance, body composition, nutrient utilization and hepatic enzymes activities of herbivorous grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Aquaculture Nutrition 16:327−333

doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2009.00668.x
[25]

Younis EM, Abdel-Warith AWA, Al-Asgah NA, Elthebite SA, Mostafizur Rahman M. 2021. Nutritional value and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in muscle tissues of five commercially important marine fish species from the Red Sea. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 28:1860−1866

doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.12.038
[26]

Ali A, Al-Abri ES, Goddard JS, Ahmed SI. 2013. Seasonal variability in the chemical composition of ten commonly consumed fish species from Oman. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences 23:805−812
[27]

Edirisinghe D, Cumaranatunga P, Radampola K, Kirindearachchige PT. 2013. Analysis of proximate composition and consumer preference of three reef fish species. Sri Lanka Journal of Aquatic Sciences 18:27−36

doi: 10.4038/sljas.v18i0.7037
[28]

Boran G, Karacam H. 2011. Seasonal changes in proximate composition of some fish species from the Black Sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 11:1−5

doi: 10.4194/trjfas.2011.0101
[29]

Goulart JFF, Pereira AC, Marques AMB, do Carmo Alves Martins I. 2024. Nutritional value of seven demersal fish species from the North Atlantic Azores archipelago. Food Chemistry: X 24:102046

doi: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.102046
[30]

Stanek AE, Uher-Koch BD, Dunton KH, von Biela VR. 2025. Energetic value of Arctic forage-sized fish with implications for a nearshore seabird predator. Marine Biology 172:157

doi: 10.1007/s00227-025-04705-5
[31]

Payne SA, Johnson BA, Otto RS. 2002. Proximate composition of some north-eastern Pacific forage fish species. Fisheries Oceanography 8:159−177

doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2419.1999.00097.x
[32]

Sinclair EH, Walker WA, Thomason JR. 2015. Body size regression formulae, proximate composition and energy density of eastern Bering Sea mesopelagic fish and squid. PLoS One 10:e0132289

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132289
[33]

Ahmed I, Jan K, Fatma S, Dawood MAO. 2022. Muscle proximate composition of various food fish species and their nutritional significance: a review. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 106:690−719

doi: 10.1111/jpn.13711
[34]

Nassour I, Léger CL. 1989. Deposition and mobilisation of body fat during sexual maturation in female trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson). Aquatic Living Resources 2:153−159

doi: 10.1051/alr:1989018
[35]

Manor ML, Weber GM, Salem M, Yao J, Aussanasuwannakul A, et al. 2012. Effect of sexual maturation and triploidy on chemical composition and fatty acid content of energy stores in female rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture 364–365:312−321

doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.08.012
[36]

Mommsen TP. 2004. Salmon spawning migration and muscle protein metabolism: the August Krogh principle at work. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 139:383−400

doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2004.09.018
[37]

Fernández M, Pappalardo P, Rodríguez-Ruiz MC, Castilla JC. 2014. Synthesis of the state of knowledge about species richness of macroalgae, macroinvertebrates and fishes in coastal and oceanic waters of Easter and Salas y Gómez islands. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 42:760−802

doi: 10.3856/vol42-issue4-fulltext-7
[38]

Gusmao JB, Lee MR, MacDonald I, Ory NC, Sellanes J, et al. 2018. No reef-associated gradient in the infaunal communities of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) − are oceanic waves more important than reef predators? Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 210:123−131

doi: 10.1016/j.ecss.2018.06.019
[39]

Zapata-Hernández G, Sellanes J, Letourneur Y, Harrod C, Morales NA, et al. 2021. Tracing trophic pathways through the marine ecosystem of Rapa Nui (Easter Island). Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 31:304−323

doi: 10.1002/aqc.35002021
[40]

Brosnan T, Becker MW, Lipo CP. 2019. Coastal groundwater discharge and the ancient inhabitants of Rapa Nui (Easter Island), Chile. Hydrogeology Journal 27:519−534

doi: 10.1007/s10040-018-1870-7
[41]

Morel A, Gentili B, Claustre H, Babin M, Bricaud A, et al. 2007. Optical properties of the 'clearest' natural waters. Limnology and Oceanography 52:217−229

doi: 10.4319/lo.2007.52.1.0217
[42]

Santelices B, Abbott IA. 1987. Geographic and marine isolation: an assessment of the marine algae of Easter Island. Pacific Science 41:1−4
[43]

Lazo-Andrade J, Guzman-Rivas F, Barría P, Ortega J, Mora S, et al. 2021. Seasonal dynamics of biochemical composition and fatty acids of swordfish (Xiphias gladius) in the Southeast Pacific Ocean off the coast of Chile. Marine Environmental Research 169:105388

doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105388