Figures (8)  Tables (4)

    • Figure 1. 

      Diagram of information transmission in vehicle-to-infrastructure cooperative systems.

    • Figure 2. 

      Instantaneous transmission.

    • Figure 3. 

      Four modes of relay transmission. (a) The first type, (b) the second type, (c) the third type, and (d) the fourth type of ferry transportation.

    • Figure 4. 

      RSU calculation unit. (a) E(C) < 2R, (b) E(C) > 2R.

    • Figure 5. 

      3D surface diagram of the Max-Perm model.

    • Figure 6. 

      Variation of slices for high and low density models.

    • Figure 7. 

      Positive benefit simulation verification.

    • Figure 8. 

      Information transmission loss simulation verification.

    • Parameter symbol Value Illustrate
      R 200 m Communication range of RSUs
      n 80 Number of vehicles on the road
      ${\tau _a}$[10] 0.36 s Instantaneous transmission time
      $\tau $ 60 s Information lifecycle
      $\,{\beta _n}$ 0.33 The proportion of three transmission classes
      k1[17] 1.2 × 10−5 Receiving time influencing factor
      k2[17] 0.031 Competitive channel time impact factor
      Eele[28] 3.36 μj/bit Non transmitting equipment consumes energy
      Erx[28] 11.13 μj/bit Energy required to receive information
      ${\eta _{amp}}$[24] 0.2 Emitter magnification
      r[29] 2 Path attenuation factor
      ${\alpha _p}$[29] 16 bit Header length
      $\rho $[29] 16 bit Effective load length
      $\beta $[29] 10−1.882 Hardware constant
      ${n_{bit}}$[24] 640 bit Transmission data length
      $\gamma $ 5 RSU cost
      $\eta $ 25 Network cost

      Table 1. 

      Parameter settings.

    • Initialization R0 = 50 R0 = 100 R0 = 150 R0 = 200
      Iteration 1 r1 = 50; l1 = 5000 r1 = 100; l1 = 5000 r1 = 150; l1 = 5000 r1 = 200; l1 = 5000
      Iteration 2 − − r1 = 205.5; l1 = 5.7206e-05 r1 = 205.5; l1 = 5.7206e-05
      Iteration 3 − − r1 = 63.8478; l1 = 5.7206e-05 r1 = 63.8478; l1 = 5.7206e-05
      Iteration 4 − − r1 = 63.8478; l1 = 5.7206e-05 r1 = 63.8478; l1 = 5.7206e-05

      Table 2. 

      Iterative output values of the two-level planning model.

    • Traffic density Model value Simulation value Accuracy
      20 0.27 0.26 92.451%
      40 0.34 0.29
      60 0.45 0.41
      80 0.67 0.69

      Table 3. 

      Validation of positive coverage gains.

    • Permeability Model value Simulation value Accuracy
      20% 14.878 15.650 93.985%
      40% 29.756 31.739
      60% 44.634 47.879
      80% 59.512 63.379

      Table 4. 

      Information loss verification.