Figures (8)  Tables (3)

    • Figure 1. 

      Schematic diagram of the battery experimental test platform.

    • Figure 2. 

      Temperature and voltage changes during thermal runaway.

    • Figure 3. 

      Temperature rise rate during thermal runaway.

    • Figure 4. 

      CO concentration and gas temperature changes during thermal runaway.

    • Figure 5. 

      Mass changes during thermal runaway.

    • Figure 6. 

      Mass loss rate changes during thermal runaway.

    • Figure 7. 

      Battery and material appearance before and after thermal runaway under different protection materials.

    • Figure 8. 

      Schematic diagram of thermal runaway heat transfer in battery.

    • Parameter Value
      Battery Panasonic NCR 21700T
      Capacity 4,800 mAh
      Voltage 3.7 V (discharge cut-off voltage 3.0 V, maximum charge voltage 4.2 V)
      Dimensions Φ 18 × 65 mm
      Anode Graphite
      Cathode NCA
      Electrolyte Solvents, salts, and additives

      Table 1. 

      Composition of 21700T lithium-ion battery.

    • Sample Mass content (wt%)
      PA EG Graphene DOPO
      PCM-1 93 7 0 0
      PCM-2 85 5 8 2

      Table 2. 

      Mass content of the components in the obtained CPCMs.

    • Protective material Safety valve
      rupture time (s)      		 Thermal runaway
      occurs time (s)
      None 445 590
      Aerogel felt 520 687
      Thermal conductive gel 607 689
      PCM-1 475 583
      PCM-2 457 599

      Table 3. 

      Starting time of safety valve rupture and thermal runaway.