Figures (10)  Tables (6)

    • Figure 1. 

      Technical roadmap.

    • Figure 2. 

      Types and frequency of accident chains with 'impact' as the cause of accidents.

    • Figure 3. 

      Accident mechanism diagram.

    • Figure 4. 

      Hardware system for dynamic risk management data collection of dangerous chemical vehicles.

    • Figure 5. 

      Dangerous chemical vehicle dynamic risk management data collection software system.

    • Figure 6. 

      Bow-tie diagram structure.

    • Figure 7. 

      Qualitative reasoning Bow-tie for multi-hazard coupled accidents in hazardous chemical road transport.

    • Figure 8. 

      Transformation rules.

    • Figure 9. 

      A quantitative inferential Bayesian network model for multi-hazard coupled accidents in hazardous chemical road transport.

    • Figure 10. 

      Transportation roadmap.

    • Accident chain nodesCategory
      Accident causeImproper operation, improper avoidance, speeding, poor driving condition, collision, abnormal vehicle, tire failure, safety accessory failure, aging and breakage, bad weather, bad roads, and hazardous chemical spontaneous combustion
      Accident initial formTailgating, rollover, scraping, impact with fixtures, falling, safety accessory failure, tank damage, vehicle failure, vehicle spontaneous combustion, tire blowout, and tire fire
      Failure formTank breakage, safety accessory failure
      Front-end hazardous chemical accidentLeaks, fires, explosions
      Subsequent hazardous chemical accidentLeaks, fires, explosions

      Table 1. 

      Accident chain nodes and categories.

    • Main hardware Acquisition parameters Realisation of alarms
      Vehicle-mounted terminal GPS information, real-time speed, weather, wind speed and direction, driving hours, and vehicle tilt angle, etc. Speeding alarm, fatigue driving alarm, cumulative driving hours for the day alarm, rapid acceleration alarm, rapid deceleration alarm, rollover warning
      Advanced driving aids Forward distance and lane boundary information Forward collision alarm, vehicle distance too close alarm, pedestrian collision alarm, lane departure alarm
      Driver condition detection equipment Driver facial features and driver behavioral and movement information Prolonged failure to look ahead alarm, physiological fatigue alarm, telephone alarm, smoking alarm
      Blind spot monitoring equipment Information on the right-hand rear of the vehicle Right rear approach alarm
      Temperature pressure sensors Tyre temperature, tyre pressure, tank temperature and tank pressure High tyre pressure alarm, low tyre pressure alarm, high tyre temperature alarm, high tank temperature alarm, high tank pressure alarm

      Table 2. 

      Hardware system and its functions.

    • Tank breakage Y N
      Safety accessory failure Y N Y N
      Y 0.99974 0.97494 0.98947 0
      N 0.00026 0.02506 0.01053 1

      Table 3. 

      Conditional probability table of node 'leakage'.

    • Flammability characteristics Y N
      Leakage Y N Y N
      Y 0.12104 0 0 0
      N 0.87896 1 1 1

      Table 4. 

      Conditional probability table for node 'fire'.

    • Parent node Multi-source data A priori probability
      Data information Priori probability taking value
      Improper operation Right rear approach alarm, long time not looking ahead alarm, smoking alarm, answering phone alarm, lane departure alarm Number of alarms = 1 0.5
      Number of alarms > 1 1
      Number of alarms = 0 0
      Improper avoidance Rapid acceleration alarm, rapid deceleration alarm, rollover warning Number of alarms = 1 0.5
      Number of alarms > 1 1
      Number of alarms = 0 0
      Speeding Over speed alarm Number of alarms = 1 0.5
      Number of alarms > 1 1
      Number of alarms = 0 0
      Poor driving condition Fatigue driving alarm, cumulative driving hours over the day alarm, physiological fatigue alarm Number of alarms = 1 0.5
      Number of alarms > 1 1
      Number of alarms = 0 0
      Impact Forward collision alarm, too close to vehicle alarm, pedestrian collision alarm Number of alarms = 1 0.5
      Number of alarms > 1 1
      Number of alarms = 0 0
      Tire failure Tire pressure too low alarm, tire pressure too high alarm, tire temperature too high alarm Number of alarms = 1 0.5
      Number of alarms > 1 1
      Number of alarms = 0 0
      Spontaneous combustion
      of hazardous chemicals      		 High tank temperature alarm, high tank pressure alarm Number of alarms = 1 0.5
      Number of alarms > 1 1
      Number of alarms = 0 0
      Adverse Weather Real-time weather data Cloudy, sunny, cloudy 0
      Rain, fog 0.5
      Snow, hail, dust storms 1
      Bad roads Real-time road data Road characteristic factor ≤ 1 0
      1 < Road characteristic factor ≤ 5 0.5
      Road characteristic factor ≥ 5 1
      Vehicle abnormalities Regular vehicle inspection and maintenance data Regular inspection, repair and replacement 0
      Unscheduled inspection, repair and replacement 1
      Safety accessory failure Safety accessories regular inspection and maintenance data Regular inspection, repair and replacement 0
      Unscheduled inspection, repair and replacement 1
      Aging Breakdown Vehicle and accessory usage time data Regular inspection, repair and replacement 0
      Unscheduled inspection, repair and replacement 1
      Flammability characteristics Data on the nature of hazardous chemicals With flammability characteristics 0
      Non-flammable and non-explosive properties 1

      Table 5. 

      The correspondence between each parent node and data and the rules of taking values.

    • Collection points Real-time alarm data Real-time environmental data Transportation management data Accident mode occurrence probability
      Weather Road characteristic factor Vehicle Status Safety accessory status Aging breakdown Flammability characteristics Leakage Leakage → fire Leakage → fire → explosion
      1 / Clear sky 0.64 Good Good Good Yes 0 0 0
      2 / Clear sky 0.64 Good Good Good Yes 0 0 0
      3 / Clear sky 1.408 Good Good Good Yes 2.09E-04 2.79E-05 8.46E-07
      4 Rapid acceleration alarm *1 Clear sky 0.64 Good Good Good Yes 1.64E-04 2.19E-05 6.63E-07
      5 / Clear sky 0.64 Good Good Good Yes 0 0 0
      6 Over speed alarm *1 Clear sky 0.64 Good Good Good Yes 2.08E-04 2.78E-05 8.41E-07
      7 / Clear sky 0.64 Good Good Good Yes 0 0 0
      8 / Clear sky 0.832 Good Good Good Yes 0 0 0
      9 / Clear sky 0.832 Good Good Good Yes 0 0 0
      10 Physiological fatigue alarm *1 Clear sky 0.832 Good Good Good Yes 2.05E-04 2.74E-05 8.31E-07
      11 / Clear sky 0.832 Good Good Good Yes 0 0 0
      12 Close distance alarm *1 Clear sky 0.832 Good Good Good Yes 2.19E-04 2.93E-05 8.88E-07
      13 / Clear sky 0.832 Good Good Good Yes 0 0 0
      14 Lane departure alarm *1 Clear sky 0.832 Good Good Good Yes 2.61E-04 3.48E-05 8.88E-07
      15 / Clear sky 0.832 Good Good Good Yes 0 0 0
      16 / Clear sky 0.832 Good Good Good Yes 0 0 0
      17 Emergency deceleration alarm *1, close vehicle distance warning *1 Clear sky 0.832 Good Good Good Yes 8.14E-04 1.09E-04 3.30E-06
      18 / Clear sky 0.64 Good Good Good Yes 0 0 0
      19 / Clear sky 0.64 Good Good Good Yes 0 0 0
      20 Lane departure alarm *1 Clear sky 0.64 Good Good Good Yes 2.61E-04 3.48E-05 1.06E-06
      21 Answer phone alarm *2 Clear sky 0.64 Good Good Good Yes 5.21E-04 6.97E-05 2.11E-06
      22 Answer phone alarm *2 Clear sky 0.64 Good Good Good Yes 5.21E-04 6.97E-05 2.11E-06
      23 / Clear sky 0.64 Good Good Good Yes 0 0 0
      24 / Clear sky 0.64 Good Good Good Yes 0 0 0
      25 Lane departure alarm *1 Clear sky 0.64 Good Good Good Yes 2.61E-04 3.48E-05 8.88E-07
      26 Emergency deceleration alarm *1, forward collision alarm *1 Clear sky 0.64 Good Good Good Yes 8.14E-04 1.09E-04 3.30E-06
      27 / Clear sky 0.64 Good Good Good Yes 0 0 0
      28 Forward collision alarm *1 Clear sky 0.64 Good Good Good Yes 2.19E-04 2.93E-05 8.88E-07
      29 / Clear sky 0.64 Good Good Good Yes 0 0 0
      30 Right rear approach alarm *1 Clear sky 0.64 Good Good Good Yes 2.61E-04 3.48E-05 1.06E-06
      31 / Clear sky 0.64 Good Good Good Yes 0 0 0

      Table 6. 

      Real-time data, accident probability, and risk for each collection point.