Figures (4)  Tables (4)

    • Figure 1. 

      Interaction between affective attitude and gender on quit intention.

    • Figure 2. 

      Interaction between instrumental attitude and gender on quit intention.

    • Figure 3. 

      Interaction between age and number of household smokers on quit intention.

    • Figure 4. 

      Interaction between perceived behavioral control and gender on the status of past-year quit attempt.

    • Characteristic All
      Age 25.95 (3.23)
      Gender Male 546 (72.1%)
      Female 211 (27.9%)
      Education High school or below 63 (8.3%)
      3-year college 104 (13.7%)
      4-year college or above 590 (77.9%)
      Father's education Secondary school or below 295 (39.0%)
      High school 224 (29.6%)
      3-year college 139 (18.4%)
      4-year college or above 99 (13.1%)
      Annual household income
      (CNY)      		 ≤ 80,000 90 (11.9%)
      80,000 to ≤ 150,000 257 (33.9%)
      150,000 to ≤ 300,000 314 (41.5%)
      > 300,000 96 (12.7%)
      Marriage status Single/divorced/widowed 369 (48.7%)
      Married 388 (51.3%)
      Cigarettes smoked per day 7.51 (6.43)
      Number of household smokers 0 50 (6.6%)
      1 194 (25.6%)
      2 291 (38.4%)
      3 134 (17.7%)
      4+ 88 (11.6%)
      Past-year quit attempt Yes 474 (62.6%)
      No 283 (37.4%)

      Table 1. 

      Sample characteristics (n = 757).

    • 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
      1. Quit intention 1.00
      2. Affective attitude 0.29*** 1.00
      3. Instrumental attitude 0.37*** 0.57*** 1.00
      4. Injunctive norm 0.14*** 0.37*** 0.33*** 1.00
      5. Descriptive norm 0.24*** 0.13** 0.39*** 0.29*** 1.00
      6. Perceived behavioral control 0.32*** 0.36*** 0.55*** 0.30*** 0.50*** 1.00
      7. Number of household smokers −0.12** −0.09* −0.04 −0.05 −0.08* −0.08* 1.00
      8. Cigarettes smoked per day 0.02 0.04 −0.04 0.02 −0.13*** −0.16*** 0.03 1.00
      9. Past-year quit attempt (yes vs no) 0.26*** 0.27*** 0.28*** 0.23*** 0.22*** 0.28*** −0.004 0.01 1.00
      10. Age 0.03 −0.03 −0.04 −0.03 0.04 −0.02 −0.09* 0.07 −0.06 1.00
      11. Gender 0.04 0.06 0.04 0.04 −0.11** −0.03 −0.05 0.32*** 0.06 −0.07* 1.00
      12. Education −0.05 −0.05 −0.03 0.003 0.10** 0.09* −0.08* −0.17*** −0.06 0.23*** −0.15*** 1.00
      13. Father's education −0.01 −0.05 0.04 0.04 0.17*** 0.10** −0.06 −0.02 0.01 0.15*** −0.10** 0.33*** 1.00
      14. Household income −0.05 −0.003 −0.04 −0.004 0.05 −0.01 −0.002 −0.03 −0.03 0.28*** −0.10** 0.37*** 0.32***
      Range 1−7 1.25−7.00 1.00−7.00 1.40−7.00 1.00−7.00 1.00−7.00 0−4 0−50.0 − − − − −
      Skewness 0.59 −1.02 −0.27 −1.26 −0.19 −0.53 0.20 1.45 − − − − −
      Kurtosis −0.42 0.37 −0.50 2.18 −0.76 −0.74 −0.53 3.30 − − − − −
      Mean 3.03 5.59 4.45 5.70 4.08 4.64 2.02 7.51 − − − − −
      SD 1.43 1.27 1.4 1.01 1.42 1.58 1.08 6.43 − − − − −
      * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

      Table 2. 

      Bivariate correlation (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient) between analytic variables (n = 757).

    • Characteristic Quit intention Past-year quit attempt
      Univariate Multivariate Univariate Multivariate
      β (SE) t value β (SE) t value OR (95% CI) AOR (95% CI)
      Affective attitude 0.33 (0.04)*** 8.55 0.09 (0.05) 1.82 1.57 (1.39, 1.78)*** 1.26 (1.08, 1.48)**
      Instrumental attitude 0.39 (0.03)*** 11.30 0.23 (0.05)*** 4.73 1.53 (1.37, 1.72)*** 1.09 (0.93, 1.28)
      Injunctive norm 0.25 (0.05)*** 4.86 −0.03 (0.05) −0.59 1.58 (1.35, 1.84)*** 1.25 (1.04, 1.49)*
      Descriptive norm 0.24 (0.04)*** 6.85 0.07 (0.04) 1.65 1.36 (1.22, 1.52)*** 1.15 (1.00, 1.32)
      Perceived behavioral control 0.29 (0.03)*** 9.33 0.10 (0.04)* 2.54 1.46 (1.33, 1.61)*** 1.25 (1.10, 1.42)***
      Number of household smokers −0.16 (0.05)*** −3.34 −0.12 (0.04)** −2.77 0.99 (0.86, 1.14) 1.05 (0.90, 1.23)
      Cigarettes smoked per day −0.002 (0.01) −0.28 0.004 (0.01) 0.49 1.01 (0.98, 1.03) 1.02 (0.99, 1.05)
      Past-year quit attempt (yes vs no) 0.75 (0.10)*** 7.25 0.40 (0.10)*** 3.78 − −
      Age 0.02 (0.02) 1.34 0.05 (0.02)* 2.45 0.96 (0.92, 1.01) 0.97 (0.91, 1.03)
      Gender (male vs female) 0.10 (0.12) 0.85 0.03 (0.11) 0.24 1.32 (0.96, 1.83) 1.22 (0.84, 1.77)
      Education
      High school or below −0.01 (0.19) −0.07 0.09 (0.19) 0.45 1.28 (0.74, 2.21) 1.43 (0.74, 2.77)
      3-year college 0.15 (0.15) 0.99 0.11 (0.15) 0.77 1.44 (0.92, 2.25) 1.32 (0.78, 2.21)
      4-year college or above ref ref ref ref
      Father's education
      Secondary school or below −0.12 (0.19) −0.62 −0.002 (0.16) −0.01 1.02 (0.64, 1.62) 1.00 (0.58, 1.73)
      High school 0.02 (0.17) 0.10 −0.0004 (0.16) 0 1.22 (0.75, 1.98) 1.23 (0.71, 2.11)
      3-year college −0.08 (0.17) −0.49 −0.18 (0.17) −1.08 1.12 (0.66, 1.91) 1.15 (0.64, 2.05)
      4-year college or above ref ref ref ref
      Annual household income
      ≤ 80,000 CNY 0.001 (0.18) 0.00 −0.04 (0.16) −0.25 1.49 (0.89, 2.51) 1.54 (0.86, 2.77)
      80,000 to ≤ 150,000 CNY ref ref ref ref
      150,000 to ≤ 300,000 CNY −0.06 (0.12) −0.47 −0.04 (0.12) −0.37 0.88 (0.63, 1.24) 0.94 (0.64, 1.39)
      > 300,000 CNY −0.08 (0.17) −0.45 −0.03 (0.16) −0.16 1.21 (0.74, 1.99) 1.46 (0.82, 2.58)
      Marriage status (Single/divorced/
      widowed vs married)      		 0.03 (0.10) 0.25 0.14 (0.12) 1.21 1.17 (0.87, 1.57) 0.92 (0.61, 1.38)
      * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

      Table 3. 

      Univariate and multivariate analyses on quit intention and past-year quit attempt (n = 757).

    • Characteristic Quit intentiona Past-year quit attemptb
      β (SE) t value β (SE) Exp (B)
      Affective attitude × gender 0.32 (0.11)** 2.91 0.18 (0.10) 1.20
      Instrumental attitude × gender −0.31 (0.11)** −2.79 −0.02 (0.10) 0.98
      Injunctive norm × gender 0.14 (0.13) 1.08 0.12 (0.11) 1.12
      Descriptive norm × gender 0.02 (0.09) 0.19 −0.08 (0.09) 0.93
      Perceived behavioral control × gender 0.16 (0.09) 1.73 −0.16 (0.08)* 0.85
      Number of household smokers × gender 0.01 (0.10) 0.11 0.06 (0.09) 1.06
      Age × gender 0.03 (0.03) 0.89 − −
      Affective attitude × number of household smokers −0.04 (0.05) −0.76 0.14 (0.08) 1.16
      Instrumental attitude × number of household smokers 0.08 (0.04) 1.72 −0.01 (0.08) 1.00
      Injunctive norm × number of household smokers −0.03 (0.05) −0.71 −0.01 (0.08) 1.00
      Descriptive norm × number of household smokers −0.02 (0.04) −0.65 −0.05 (0.07) 0.95
      Perceived behavioral control × number of household smokers −0.06 (0.04) −1.63 0.06 (0.06) 1.07
      Age × number of household smokers −0.04 (0.01)** −2.81 − −
      a multivariate linear regression analyses controlled for age, gender, education, father's education, annual household income, marriage status, cigarettes smoked per day, number of household smokers and each TPB construct. b multivariate binary logistic regression analyses controlled for age, gender, education, father's education, annual household income, marriage status, cigarettes smoked per day, number of household smokers and each TPB construct. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.

      Table 4. 

      Moderation effects of gender and number of household smokers (n = 757).