Figures (12)  Tables (1)

    • Figure 1. 

      Experimental prototype of electric field power transfer technology based on earth coupling. (a) SCC-WPT. (b) SWPT.

    • Figure 2. 

      Parallel disk capacitance model with opposite polarity. (a) 3D diagram. (b) Circuit diagram.

    • Figure 3. 

      SCC-WPT system structure diagram. (a) Theory of strong ground coupling. (b) Stray capacitance and self-capacitance theory.

    • Figure 4. 

      Field distribution of SWPT at different transfer distances. (a) Schematic diagram of the short-distance SWPT system. (b) Poynting vector distribution of the long-distance SWPT system.

    • Figure 5. 

      Two-port network of the circuit model.

    • Figure 6. 

      Equivalent circuit of the SCC-WPT system.

    • Figure 7. 

      Equivalent circuit model of SWPT system. (a) SWPT system model using a multi-layer Tesla coil structure. (b) SWPT system model using a limiter.

    • Figure 8. 

      Application of SCC-WPT in wireless charging plane. (a) Flexible power supply system. (b) Large-area free-position power supply system. (c) Robot free-position power supply system.

    • Figure 9. 

      Application of SCC-WPT technology in transportation. (a) Static wireless charging EV. (b) Dynamic wireless charging mobile EV.

    • Figure 10. 

      Application of SWPT technology in underwater equipment. (a) A 51 m underwater SWPT system. (b) A 10 m underwater SWPT system.

    • Figure 11. 

      Application of SCC-WPT and SWPT technology in industrial applications. (a) For the robotic arm. (b) For an aerial platform.

    • Figure 12. 

      Application of SCC-WPT technology in wearable devices. (a) Schematic diagram of I-fiber harvesting energy in various situations. (b) Wireless power transfer is realized when metal plates interfere and thin films bend.

    • Classification Frequency Distance Power Efficiency Ref.
      SCC-WPT 3.3 MHz 3 mm 3.6 W 35% [9]
      1 MHz 50 mm 266 W 62% [10]
      1.97 MHz 5 mm 106.9 W 56.2% [12]
      741.5 kHz 550 mm 20 W 19.5% [15]
      2.74 MHz 25.4 mm 36 W 20% [31]
      2 MHz 17 mm 700 W 91% [35]
      1 MHz 110 mm 350 W 74.1% [36]
      2 MHz 10 mm 30 W 30% [37]
      85 kHz 50 mm (seawater) 1.2 kW 91% [47]
      200 kHz 100 cm (seawater) 300 W 91.07% [48]
      SWPT 847 kHz 2 m 200 W 61% [17]
      10.55 MHz 5 m 65.28 W 72.08% [23]
      6.7 kHz 5 km 5 kW 87% [20]
      220 kHz 30 m 500 W 92% [40]
      580 kHz 4.5 m (salt water) 25 W 54% [13]
      40 kHz 51 m (salt water) 30.2 W 51.8% [49]
      300 kHz 10 m (seawater) 206.8 W 83% [50]
      * Unless otherwise specified in the table, air is used as the transfer medium.

      Table 1. 

      Energy efficiency features of SCC-WPT and SWPT.