Figures (1)  Tables (1)

    • Figure 1. 

      The taxonomic distribution of garlic-like flavour in the Agaricales. (a) Hybrid tree of Agaricales. Numbers inside open circles indicate the number of species with a garlic-like flavour within each taxon; red fill intensifies with increasing species counts. The "Marasmius" lineage was provisionally treated as lacking the garlic-like flavour because no verifiable records were available from literature. Black-filled circles indicate the presence of the corresponding annotation. In columns representing legacy genus concepts (Marasmius s. l., Marasmiellus s. l., and Clavaria s. l.), they mark genera containing species historically placed under those names according to Index Fungorum[50]. In the "Corticioid fungi" column, they indicate genera containing corticioid taxa as documented in Larsson[51]and Dong et al.[52]. Open circles indicate absence. (b) Summary table of taxa with a garlic-like flavour across Agaricales, listing the suborder, family, and genus, with the corresponding number of species recorded as having a garlic-like flavour. (c) List of species records requiring validation, indicating whether verification is needed for phylogenetic placement or for the presence of garlic-like flavour[7,12,33,35,53−57].

    • Species name Odour Taste Ref. Filters
      Amanita alliacea (Murrill) Murrill Decided odour of wild onion Not recorded [18] P
      A. alliodora Pat. Very distinct garlic odour Not recorded [19] P
      A. suballiacea (Murrill) Murrill Strong garlic odour Not recorded [18] P
      Clavaria alliacea Corner Strong garlic Strong garlic [20] P
      C. fuscata Oudem. Strong garlic Not recorded [20,21] C, M
      Dendrothele alliacea (Quél.) P.A. Lemke Garlic-like Not recorded [22] P
      Gymnopus alliifoetidissimus T.H. Li & J.P. Li Strongly alliaceous Not recorded [23] P
      G. alpicola (Bon & Ballarà) Esteve-Rav., V. González, Arenal & E. Horak Strong smell reminiscent of rotten cabbage, with faint a component of garlic Tastes like the smell [12] M
      G. brassicolens (Romagn.) Antonín & Noordel. Foetid smell like rotten cabbage or sewage; sometimes more like garlic Not recorded [12] M
      G. ceraceicola J.A. Cooper & P. Leonard Garlic/rotten cabbage Not recorded [24] P
      G. chowii J.P. Li, Chang-Tian Li & Y. Li Rotten cabbage-like Not recorded [7] P
      G. cystidiosus J.J. Hu, B. Zhang & Y. Li A strong smell reminiscent of rotten cabbage or onion Not recorded [25] P
      G. densilamellatus Antonín, Ryoo & Ka Unpleasant, like rotten cabbage or garlic Mild or bitterish [26] P
      G. dysodes (Halling) Halling Pungent, like old onions or garlic Onion-like, but not too disagreeable [27] P
      G. dysosmus Polemis & Noordel. Strong, unpleasant, foetid, or like garlic Strong, unpleasant, foetid, or like garlic [12] M
      G. epiphyllus J.J. Hu, B. Zhang & Y. Li A strong smell reminiscent of rotten cabbage or onion Not recorded [25] P
      G. foetidus (Sowerby) P.M. Kirk A nasty smell like rotten cabbage Nasty [12] M
      G. graveolens (G. Poirault ex Boud.) Antonín & Noordel. Like rotten cabbage Distinctly bitter [12] M
      G. hakaroa J.A. Cooper & P. Leonard Garlic/rotten cabbage Not recorded [24] P
      G. hariolorum (Bull.) Antonín, Halling & Noordel. A strong, fetid smell, like rotten cabbage or sewage Very unpleasant [12] M
      G. herinkii Antonín & Noordel. Strong, like garlic/onions Strong, like garlic/onions [12,28] M
      G. imbricatus J.A. Cooper & P. Leonard Garlic/rotten cabbage Not recorded [24] P
      G. impudicus (Fr.) Antonín, Halling & Noordel. Like rotten cabbage, sometimes with a garlic component Like rotten cabbage, sometimes with a garlic component [12] M
      G. iocephalus (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Halling Pungent and unpleasant (reported as smelling of garlic, radish, sauerkraut, or gunpowder) Unpleasant [27] M
      G. iodes J.P. Li, Chang-Tian Li, Chun Y. Deng & Y. Li Garlic-like Not recorded [29] P
      G. montagnei (Berk.) Redhead Garlic Not recorded [30] M
      G. neobrevipes R.H. Petersen Negligible Negligible or weakly alliaceous [31] P
      G. polyphyllus (Peck) Halling Garlic Garlic [27] M
      G. purpureicollus (Corner) A.W. Wilson, Desjardin & E. Horak Smell of garlic, not strong Tasting rancid or rotten [32,33] P, C
      G. pyrenaeicus (Bon & Ballarà) Antonín & Noordel. Like cabbage or foetid Sweet or slightly like cocoa [12] M
      G. similis Antonín, Ryoo & Ka Garlic-like Garlic-like [26] P
      G. sinopolyphyllus J.P. Li, Chang-Tian Li & Y. Li Garlic-like Not recorded [29] P
      G. spadiceus J.J. Hu, B. Zhang & Y. Li A strong smell reminiscent of rotten cabbage Not recorded [34] P
      G. subdensilamellatus J.J. Hu, Y.L. Tuo, B. Zhang & Y. Li A strong smell reminiscent of rotten cabbage or onion Not recorded [25] P
      G. subpolyphyllus J.J. Hu, B. Zhang & Y. Li A strong smell reminiscent of rotten cabbage or onion Not recorded [25] P
      G. talisiae V. Coimbra, F.G.B. Pinheiro, Wartchow & Gibertoni Not garlic Radish-like [35] P
      G. thiersii (Desjardin) Mešić & Tkalčec Mild or rarely slightly foetid when old and wet The taste slowly becomes strongly alliaceous [36] P
      G. tianbaoyanensis J.P. Li, Chang-Tian Li & Y. Li Rotten cabbage-like Not recorded [7] P
      G. trabzonensis Vizzini, Antonín, Seslı & Contu Typically and strongly cabbage-like Indistinct [37] P
      G. variicolor Antonín, Ryoo, Ka & Tomšovský Odour foetid and garlic-like with a component of rotten cabbage Mild and unpleasant [26] P
      G. violaceigregarius Qasmi, A. Izhar & Khalid Garlic-like Not recorded [38] P
      Hygrocybe helobia (Arnolds) Bon Garlic Not recorded [39,40] M
      Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler Garlic- or rotten cabbage-like Garlic-like [2,3] C
      L. raphanica (Murrill) Mata & R.H. Petersen Radish-like Radish-like [41] P
      Marasmiellus alliiodorus (Mont.) Singer Strong smell of garlic Not recorded [42,43] P, M
      M. osmophorus Dennis Strong smell of garlic Not recorded [43] M
      M. subingratus (Dennis) Singer Strong of garlic Not recorded [43] M
      Marasmius alliifoetidus Corner Garlic-like, strong, and foetid Not recorded [32] P
      Ma. alliipotens Corner Strong smell of garlic Not recorded [32] P
      Ma. edodoides Corner Slight smell of onions or of meal Not recorded [32] P
      Ma. hortorum Corner Smell of garlic, rather strong Not recorded [32] P
      Ma. matangensis Corner Smell of garlic, not strong Not recorded [32] P
      Mycetinis alliaceus (Jacq.) Earle ex A.W. Wilson & Desjardin Strong smell of garlic Distinct smell of garlic, sometimes also acrid [31] C
      My. applanatipes (Desjardin) A.W. Wilson & Desjardin Strongly alliaceous Strongly alliaceous [44] P
      My. arbuscularis J.P. Li, Chang-Tian Li & Y. Li Garlic-like Not recorded [7] P
      My. copelandii (Peck) A.W. Wilson & Desjardin Strongly alliaceous Strongly alliaceous [36] C
      My. curraniae (G. Stev.) J.A. Cooper & P. Leonard Garlic-like Garlic-like [45] C
      My. ignobilis (Berk. & Broome) Desjardin & B.A. Perry Strong smell of garlic Strong taste of garlic [46] C
      My. kallioneus (Huhtinen) Antonín & Noordel. Strongly alliaceous Strongly alliaceous [45] C
      My. olidus (Gilliam) R.H. Petersen Weakly pleasant to pungent smell of garlic Garlic or onion, often persisting with drying and storage [45] C
      My. prasiosmus (Fr.) R.H. Petersen Strong smell of garlic Distinct garlic component [45] C
      My. querceus (Britzelm.) Antonín & Noordel. Garlic Not recorded [47] C
      My. rufodiscus J.P. Li, Chang-Tian Li & Y. Li Garlic-like Not recorded [7] P
      My. salalis (Desjardin & Redhead) Redhead Strong smell of onion or garlic Strong taste of onion or sweet garlic [45] C
      My. scorodonius (Fr.) A.W. Wilson & Desjardin Weak to strong smell of garlic, rarely lacking Usually alliaceous [45] C
      My. subalpinus (P.-A. Moreau) R.H. Petersen Very powerful of garlic Alliaceous and sweet [45] C
      My. virgultorum (Malençon & Bertault) R.H. Petersen Garlic Garlic [45] C
      Paragymnopus foliiphilus (R.H. Petersen) J.S. Oliveira Usually reported as negligible, occasionally resembling boiled cabbage after drying or mildly foetid Usually reported as negligible, occasional very weak taste of garlic [9] C
      Pg. magnisporus J.P. Li, Chang-Tian Li & Y. Li Garlic-like Not recorded [7] P
      Pg. perforans (Hoffm.) J.S. Oliveira Like rotten cabbage Often tardily alliaceous [9] C
      Pg. sequoiae (Desjardin) J.S. Oliveira Mild or rarely slightly foetid when old and wet Strongly alliaceous after 1–2 min [9] C
      Paramycetinis austrobrevipes R.H. Petersen Negligible Negligible or weak taste of garlic [10] P
      Peckorumyces umbonatus (Peck) J.P. Li, J.S. Oliveira & Chang-Tian Li Garlic-like Not recorded [7] C
      Phyllotopsis nidulans (Pers.) Singer Similar to rotten cabbage Not recorded [48,49] C
      Pusillomyces rhizoalliaceus J.P. Li & Chang-Tian Li, nom. prov. Garlic-like Not recorded [3] C

      Table 1. 

      Overview of garlic-like flavour reported in Agaricales species