Micropropagation of arracacha: from meristem isolation to plant acclimatization

Laura Abatti; Thais Janson Gonçalves; Leila Ines Wiggers Mafessoni; Danieli Ferneda Candido; Bárbara Nicole Daboit; Silvia Scariotto; Thiago de Oliveira Vargas; Taciane Finatto; Laura Abatti; Thais Janson Gonçalves; Leila Ines Wiggers Mafessoni; Danieli Ferneda Candido; Bárbara Nicole Daboit; Silvia Scariotto; Thiago de Oliveira Vargas; Taciane Finatto

doi:10.48130/tihort-0026-0001

Figures (3) Tables (7)

Figure 1.
Seedlings of arracacha (Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancroft) obtained in vitro from shoot tips grown in B5 medium supplemented with 30 g·L⁻¹ sucrose, 0.3 mg·L⁻¹ BAP, and 0.1 mg·L⁻¹ NAA. (a) Seedlings of ASA. (b) Seedlings of 'BRS Catarina 64'. (c) Seedlings of 'BRS Rubia 41'. Bar = 1 cm.
Figure 2.
Presence of callus at the base of arracacha (A. xanthorrhiza) seedlings obtained in vitro from shoot tips grown in B5 medium supplemented with 30 g·L⁻¹ sucrose, 0.3 mg·L⁻¹ BAP, and 0.1 mg·L⁻¹ NAA. (a) Callus on a seedling of ASA. (b) Callus on a seedling of 'BRS Catarina 64'. (c) Callus on a seedling of 'BRS Rubia 41'. Bar = 1 cm.
Figure 3.
Arracacha (A. xanthorrhiza) plants rooted and hardened in vitro under the different treatments. (a) Treatment 1: B5 + parafilm; (b) Treatment 2: B5 + gauze; (c) Treatment 3: B5 + PVC; (d) T4: ½ B5 + parafilm; (e) Treatment 5: ½ B5 + gauze; (f) Treatment 6: ½ B5 + PVC.

Culture media	Shoot regeneration (%)
B5 with no PGR	81.67^a
B5 + 0.2 mg L⁻¹ BAP + 0.01 mg L⁻¹ NAA	61.67^b
B5 + 0.3 mg L⁻¹ BAP + 0.1 mg L⁻¹ NAA	65.00^ab
Means followed by the same letter do not differ from each other by the Tukey test at 5% significance.

Table 1.

Average shoot regeneration rate of apical buds of arracacha grown on different culture media at 14 DAI.

Cultivars	Shoot regeneration (%)
'BRS Rubia 41'	58.33^ab
'BRS Acarijó 56'	71.67^a
ASA	43.33^b
Means followed by the same letter do not differ from each other by the Tukey test at 5% significance.

Table 2.

Average values of shoot regeneration rate of apical buds of arracacha of the cultivars at 21 DAI.

SV		Mean square
SV	DF	Regeneration rate	Number of shoots	Number of leaves	Callus (%)
Cultivar	2	101.6292^ns	0.1337^ns	0.1433^ns	5056.4815^*
Photoperiod	2	15.1070^ns	0.0181^ns	0.4300^ns	584.2593^ns
Cultivar × photoperiod	4	49.1237^ns	0.0515^ns	0.1433^ns	547.2037^ns
Residue	18	83.4774	0.1285	0.1948	236.2222
Total	26
CV (%)		10.3	19.2	41.8	34.6
Overall average		88.6	1.8	1.1	44.4
SV, source of variation; DF, degrees of freedom; CV, coefficient of variation; ns, nonsignificant; *, significant at 5% probability.

Table 3.

Summary of the ANOVA for the regeneration rate, number of shoots, number of leaves, number of roots, and percentage of callus in arracacha seedlings according to the combination of different cultivars and photoperiods.

SV	Mean square
SV	DF	Number of roots	Length of roots
Dose	1	5.67*	43.94*
Charcoal	4	4.66*	10.60*
Dose × charcoal	4	3.87*	2.86*
Residue	60	2.43	1.10
CV (%)		28.06	27.11
* Significant at 5% probability of error by the F-test.

Table 4.

Summary of the ANOVA for the number of roots and the length of roots as a function of doses of IBA with and without the addition of activated charcoal, in culture media for in vitro cultivation of the A. xanthorrhiza cultivar 'BRS Rubia 41'.

Treatment	Presence of callus (%)
Absence of activated charcoal + 0 mg·L⁻¹ IBA	0^b
Absence of activated charcoal + 3 mg·L⁻¹ IBA	0^b
Absence of activated charcoal + 6 mg·L⁻¹ IBA	0^b
Absence of activated charcoal + 9 mg·L⁻¹ IBA	100^a
Absence of activated charcoal + 12 mg·L⁻¹ IBA	100^a
Presence of activated charcoal + 0 mg·L⁻¹ IBA	0^b
Presence of activated charcoal + 3 mg·L⁻¹ IBA	0^b
Presence of activated charcoal + 6 mg·L⁻¹ IBA	0^b
Presence of activated charcoal + 9 mg·L⁻¹ IBA	0^b
Presence of activated charcoal + 12 mg·L⁻¹ IBA	0^b
CV (%)	21
Means followed by different letters, ranked by the nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test, differ from each other at a 5% probability level.

Table 5.

Percentage of callus versus the presence or absence of activated charcoal as a function of different doses of IBA in the in vitro cultivation of A. xanthorrhiza cultivar 'BRS Rubia 41'.

Treatments	Length of the largest root (cm)	Number of roots	Number of shoots	Plant height (cm)	Petiole length (cm)
Treatment 1: B5 + parafilm	1.64^c	2.54^ab	2.35^bc	5.05^b	4.30^a
Treatment 2: B5 + gauze	0.40^d	0.35^b	1.86^d	0.00^d	2.15^c
Treatment 3: B5 + PVC	3.20^ab	6.33^ab	2.24^a	5.30^b	3.95^b
Treatment 4: ½ B5 + parafilm	1.84^bc	2.01^a	2.72^c	6.15^a	4.45^a
Treatment 5: ½ B5 + gauze	1.48^cd	2.96^b	1.78^bc	3.50^c	2.55^c
Treatment 6: ½ B5 + PVC	4.67^a	3.98^ab	2.20^ab	9.25^a	4.45^a
Means followed by the same letter in the column do not differ from each other by the Tukey test at 5% significance.

Table 6.

Average values of the different treatments for traits, including length of the largest root, number of roots, number of shoots, plant height, and petiole length, for the variables evaluated in vitro.

Treatments	Length of the largest root (cm)	Number of roots	Number of leaves	Plant height (cm)	Petiole length (cm)
Treatment 1: B5 + parafilm	6.60^b	6.30^a	2.30^c	15.32^b	7.87^b
Treatment 2: B5 + gauze	9.30^a	4.15^c	2.00^c	15.96^b	7.71^b
Treatment 3: B5 + PVC	10.20^a	7.85^a	3.00^b	22.55^a	11.81^a
Treatment 4: ½ B5 + parafilm	6.50^b	5.70^b	2.60^c	16.005^b	8.78^b
Treatement 5: ½ B5 + gauze	6.20^b	5.90^b	2.30^c	13.98^b	7.77^b
Treatment 6: ½ B5 + PVC	11.90^a	6.50^a	4.50^a	23.015^a	11.68^a
Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column do not differ from each other according to the Tukey test at 5% significance.

Table 7.

Average values of the treatments for length of the largest root, number of roots, number of shoots, plant height, and petiole length for the variables evaluated ex vitro.