Figures (11)  Tables (1)

    • Figure 1. 

      (a) X-ray diffraction of OBDPS; (b) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of OBDPS.

    • Figure 2. 

      The schematic illustrates the distribution of kinetic energy and the ratio of VOCs which can be emitted.

    • Figure 3. 

      Physical picture of the experimental devices.

    • Figure 4. 

      Emission rate of VOCs from OBDPS at different temperatures.

    • Figure 5. 

      Linear fitting results for seven major pollutants at 23 °C.

    • Figure 6. 

      Sensitivity analysis of Dm in a semi-infinite diffusion scenario at different temperatures. (a) 18 °C, (b) 23 °C, (c) 28 °C, and (d) 33 °C.

    • Figure 7. 

      Curves of Cm,0 by fitting the experimental values.

    • Figure 8. 

      Curves of Dm by fitting the experimental values.

    • Figure 9. 

      Performance comparison of different machine learning models for predicting (a) Cm,0, and (b) Dm.

    • Figure 10. 

      (a) Cm,0-leave-one-out cross validation; (b) Dm-leave-one-out cross validation; (c) Cm,0-residual distribution; (d) Dm-residual distribution.

    • Figure 11. 

      Key research directions for the future.

    • Temperature Types of VOCs Cm,0 (μg m−3) Dm (m2 s−1) R2
      18 °C 1-Butanol 2.230 × 103 1.608 × 10−8 0.967
      Butylacetate 0.813 × 103 1.464 × 10−8 0.938
      1,2,4-Trimethybenzene 2.101 × 103 1.118 × 10−8 0.991
      1-Ethyl-4-methylbenzene 1.017 × 103 1.141 × 10−8 0.980
      1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene 0.419 × 103 1.049 × 10−8 0.925
      M&P-xylene 0.510 × 103 1.231 × 10−8 0.950
      O-xylene 0.302 × 103 1.013 × 10−8 0.934
      23 °C 1-Butanol 3.260 × 103 2.423 × 10−8 0.981
      Butylacetate 1.532 × 103 2.568 × 10−8 0.958
      1,2,4-Trimethybenzene 3.406 × 103 1.477 × 10−8 0.937
      1-Ethyl-4-methylbenzene 1.450 × 103 1.324 × 10−8 0.934
      1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene 0.698 × 103 1.236 × 10−8 0.969
      M&P-xylene 0.842 × 103 2.350 × 10−8 0.983
      O-xylene 0.450 × 103 1.180 × 10−8 0.937
      28 °C 1-Butanol 4.531 × 103 3.207 × 10−8 0.977
      Butylacetate 2.667 × 103 3.778 × 10−8 0.979
      1,2,4-Trimethybenzene 6.507 × 103 1.699 × 10−8 0.988
      1-Ethyl-4-methylbenzene 2.253 × 103 1.485 × 10−8 0.975
      1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene 1.278 × 103 1.346 × 10−8 0.986
      M&P-xylene 1.273 × 103 2.665 × 10−8 0.969
      O-xylene 0.814 × 103 1.362 × 10−8 0.979
      33 °C 1-Butanol 4.660 × 103 4.782 × 10−8 0.977
      Butylacetate 3.228 × 103 4.957 × 10−8 0.976
      1,2,4-Trimethybenzene 6.816 × 103 2.361 × 10−8 0.994
      1-Ethyl-4-methylbenzene 2.274 × 103 1.692 × 10−8 0.958
      1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene 1.700 × 103 1.771 × 10−8 0.997
      M&P-xylene 1.930 × 103 4.753 × 10−8 0.957
      O-xylene 0.904 × 103 1.438 × 10−8 0.964

      Table 1. 

      Effect of temperature on Cm,0, Dm and R2